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Study on the expression and prognostic relationship of MYL6B in liver cancer based on bioinformatics. 基于生物信息学的肝癌MYL6B表达及预后关系研究
IF 2.6 Q3 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i9.1188
Hai-Bing Lv, Qing-Yun Wu, Yu-Jiao Zhang, Sheng-Wei Quan, Ning Ma, Yu-Qing Dai, Yan Sun

Background: Primary liver cancer is a prevalent and deadly cancer type. Despite treatment advances, prognosis remains poor, with high recurrence rates. Early detection is crucial but challenging due to the disease's insidious nature. Myosin proteins play significant roles in cancer development, influencing cell migration, invasion, and tumor suppression. MYL6B, a myosin light chain, is involved in various cellular processes and has been associated with poor prognosis in colorectal adenocarcinoma and potential as a biomarker in breast cancer.

Aim: To investigate the expression of MYL6B in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) and its impact on prognosis and potential mechanisms of action using bioinformatics methods.

Methods: The expression of MYL6B in pan-cancer and normal tissues was analyzed using the gene expression profiling interactive analysis 2 and tumor immune estimation resource databases. The expression level of MYL6B in LIHC tissues and its relationship with prognosis were analyzed, immunohistochemical analysis of MYL6B and its effect on immune cell infiltration, and the protein network were further studied.

Results: MYL6B was highly expressed in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, LIHC, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, skin cutaneous melanoma, thymoma, uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma, uterine carcinosarcoma, and lowly expressed in kidney chromophobe, acute myeloid leukemia, testicular germ cell tumors. The expression level of MYL6B was significantly different between cancer and normal tissues. It had a significant impact on both overall survival and disease-free survival. MYL6B is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma and its expression level increases with cancer progression. High MYL6B expression is associated with poor prognosis in terms of overall survival and recurrence-free survival. The immunohistochemical level of MYL6B is high in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues, and MYL6B has a high level of immune infiltration inflammation. In protein network analysis, MYL6B is correlated with MYL2, MYL6, MYL9, MYLK4, MYLK2, MYL12A, MYL12B, MYH11, MYH9 and MYH10.

Conclusion: The expression level of MYL6B in LIHC was significantly higher than in normal liver tissues, and it was correlated with the degree of differentiation survival rate, and immune infiltration. MYL6B is a potential target for LIHC treatment.

背景:原发性肝癌是一种常见的致命癌症。尽管治疗取得了进展,但预后仍然很差,复发率很高。早期检测至关重要,但由于该疾病的隐匿性,早期检测具有挑战性。肌球蛋白在癌症发展过程中发挥着重要作用,影响着细胞迁移、侵袭和肿瘤抑制。MYL6B是一种肌球蛋白轻链,参与多种细胞过程,与结直肠腺癌的不良预后有关,并有可能成为乳腺癌的生物标志物。目的:采用生物信息学方法研究MYL6B在肝肝细胞癌(LIHC)中的表达及其对预后的影响和潜在的作用机制:方法:利用基因表达谱交互分析2和肿瘤免疫测定资源数据库分析MYL6B在泛癌和正常组织中的表达。分析了MYL6B在LIHC组织中的表达水平及其与预后的关系,进一步研究了MYL6B的免疫组化分析及其对免疫细胞浸润的影响以及蛋白质网络:结果:MYL6B在弥漫大b细胞淋巴瘤、LIHC、胰腺癌、皮肤黑色素瘤、胸腺瘤、子宫内膜癌、子宫癌肉瘤中高表达,而在肾嗜铬细胞瘤、急性髓细胞白血病、睾丸生殖细胞瘤中低表达。MYL6B在癌症组织和正常组织中的表达水平有显著差异。它对总生存期和无病生存期都有重要影响。MYL6B在肝细胞癌中高表达,其表达水平随癌症进展而升高。MYL6B的高表达与总生存期和无复发生存期的不良预后有关。肝癌组织中 MYL6B 的免疫组化水平较高,且 MYL6B 具有较高的免疫浸润炎症水平。在蛋白质网络分析中,MYL6B与MYL2、MYL6、MYL9、MYLK4、MYLK2、MYL12A、MYL12B、MYH11、MYH9和MYH10相关:MYL6B在LIHC中的表达水平明显高于正常肝组织,且与分化程度、存活率和免疫浸润相关。MYL6B是治疗LIHC的潜在靶点。
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引用次数: 0
Prognostic value and predictive model of tumor markers in stage I to III gastric cancer patients. 一期至三期胃癌患者肿瘤标志物的预后价值和预测模型。
IF 2.6 Q3 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i8.1033
Ai-Hua Sun, Xin-Yu Zhang, Yang-Yang Huang, Lei Chen, Qing Wang, Xiao-Cong Jiang

Background: Preoperative serum tumor markers have been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer patients. However, few studies have evaluated the prognosis of gastric cancer patients by establishing statistical models with multiple serum tumor indicators.

Aim: To explore the prognostic value and predictive model of tumor markers in stage I and III gastric cancer patients.

Methods: From October 2018 to April 2020, a total of 1236 patients with stage I to III gastric cancer after surgery were included in our study. The relationship between serum tumor markers and clinical and pathological data were analyzed. We established a statistical model to predict the prognosis of gastric cancer based on the results of COX regression analysis. Overall survival (OS) was also compared across different stages of gastric cancer.

Results: The deadline for follow-up was May 31, 2023. A total of 1236 patients were included in our study. Univariate analysis found that age, clinical stage, T and N stage, tumor location, differentiation, Borrmann type, size, and four serum tumor markers were prognostic factors of OS (P < 0.05). It was shown that clinical stage, tumor size, alpha foetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, CA125 and CA19-9 (P < 0.05) were independent prognostic factors for OS. According to the scoring results obtained from the statistical model, we found that patients with high scores had poorer survival time (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in stage I patients, the 3-year OS for scores 0-3 ranged from 96.85%, 95%, 85%, and 80%. In stage II patients, the 3-year OS for scores 0-4 were 88.6%, 76.5%, 90.5%, 65.5% and 60%. For stage III patients, 3-year OS for scores 0-6 were 70.9%, 68.3%, 64.1%, 50.9%, 38.4%, 18.5% and 5.2%. We also analyzed the mean survival of patients with different scores. For stage I patients, the mean OS was 55.980 months. In stage II, the mean OS was 51.550 months. The mean OS for stage III was 39.422 months.

Conclusion: Our statistical model can effectively predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.

背景:术前血清肿瘤标志物已广泛应用于胃癌患者的诊断和治疗。然而,很少有研究通过建立多种血清肿瘤指标的统计模型来评估胃癌患者的预后。目的:探讨肿瘤标志物在I期和III期胃癌患者中的预后价值和预测模型。方法:1:2018年10月至2020年4月,我院共纳入1236例I期至III期胃癌术后患者进行研究。分析血清肿瘤标志物与临床和病理数据之间的关系。根据 COX 回归分析的结果,我们建立了预测胃癌预后的统计模型。我们还比较了不同分期胃癌的总生存率(OS):随访截止日期为 2023 年 5 月 31 日。我们的研究共纳入了 1236 名患者。单变量分析发现,年龄、临床分期、T 期和 N 期、肿瘤位置、分化程度、Borrmann 型、肿瘤大小和四种血清肿瘤标志物是 OS 的预后因素(P < 0.05)。研究表明,临床分期、肿瘤大小、甲胎蛋白、癌胚抗原、CA125和CA19-9(P<0.05)是OS的独立预后因素。根据统计模型得出的评分结果,我们发现高分患者的生存时间较短(P < 0.05)。此外,在 I 期患者中,0-3 分的 3 年生存率分别为 96.85%、95%、85% 和 80%。在 II 期患者中,0-4 分的 3 年生存率分别为 88.6%、76.5%、90.5%、65.5% 和 60%。在 III 期患者中,0-6 分的 3 年生存率分别为 70.9%、68.3%、64.1%、50.9%、38.4%、18.5% 和 5.2%。我们还分析了不同评分患者的平均生存期。I 期患者的平均生存期为 55.980 个月。II 期患者的平均生存期为 51.550 个月。结论:结论:我们的统计模型能有效预测胃癌患者的预后。
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引用次数: 0
Biomarkers associated with immune-related adverse events induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors. 与免疫检查点抑制剂诱发的免疫相关不良事件有关的生物标志物。
IF 2.6 Q3 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i8.1002
An-Jie Guo, Qing-Yuan Deng, Pan Dong, Lian Zhou, Lei Shi

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) constitute a pivotal class of immunotherapeutic drugs in cancer treatment. However, their widespread clinical application has led to a notable surge in immune-related adverse events (irAEs), significantly affecting the efficacy and survival rates of patients undergoing ICI therapy. While conventional hematological and imaging tests are adept at detecting organ-specific toxicities, distinguishing adverse reactions from those induced by viruses, bacteria, or immune diseases remains a formidable challenge. Consequently, there exists an urgent imperative for reliable biomarkers capable of accurately predicting or diagnosing irAEs. Thus, a thorough review of existing studies on irAEs biomarkers is indispensable. Our review commences by providing a succinct overview of major irAEs, followed by a comprehensive summary of irAEs biomarkers across various dimensions. Furthermore, we delve into innovative methodologies such as machine learning, single-cell RNA sequencing, multiomics analysis, and gut microbiota profiling to identify novel, robust biomarkers that can facilitate precise irAEs diagnosis or prediction. Lastly, this review furnishes a concise exposition of irAEs mechanisms to augment understanding of irAEs prediction, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.

免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)是治疗癌症的一类重要免疫治疗药物。然而,它们在临床上的广泛应用导致免疫相关不良事件(irAEs)明显激增,严重影响了接受 ICI 治疗患者的疗效和生存率。虽然传统的血液学和影像学检测擅长于检测器官特异性毒性,但将不良反应与病毒、细菌或免疫疾病引起的不良反应区分开来仍是一项艰巨的挑战。因此,迫切需要能够准确预测或诊断非过敏反应的可靠生物标志物。因此,对现有的虹膜睫状体异常生物标志物研究进行全面回顾是必不可少的。我们的综述首先简明扼要地概述了主要的虹膜急性心动过速,然后全面总结了各个层面的虹膜急性心动过速生物标志物。此外,我们还深入探讨了机器学习、单细胞 RNA 测序、多组学分析和肠道微生物群分析等创新方法,以确定有助于精确诊断或预测虹膜急性呼吸系统综合征的新型、可靠的生物标志物。最后,这篇综述简明扼要地阐述了虹膜急性心动过速的机制,以加深对虹膜急性心动过速预测、诊断和治疗策略的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Performance of nutritional and inflammatory markers in patients with pancreatic cancer. 胰腺癌患者营养和炎症指标的表现。
IF 2.6 Q3 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i8.1021
Jie-Nan Lu, Lu-Sha Zhou, Shuai Zhang, Jun-Xiu Li, Cai-Juan Xu

Background: Systemic inflammation and nutrition play pivotal roles in cancer progression and can increase the risk of delayed recovery after surgical procedures.

Aim: To assess the significance of inflammatory and nutritional indicators for the prognosis and postoperative recovery of patients with pancreatic cancer (PC).

Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with PC and underwent surgical resection at our hospital between January 1, 2019, and July 31, 2023, were enrolled in this retrospective observational cohort study. All the data were collected from the electronic medical record system. Seven biomarkers - the albumin-to-globulin ratio, prognostic nutritional index (PNI), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), nutritional risk index (NRI), and geriatric NRI were assessed.

Results: A total of 446 patients with PC met the inclusion criteria and were subsequently enrolled. Patients with early postoperative discharge tended to have higher PNI values and lower SII, NLR, and PLR values (all P < 0.05). Through multivariable logistic regression analysis, the SII value emerged as an independent risk factor influencing early recovery after surgery. Additionally, both univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses revealed that the PNI value was the strongest prognostic marker for overall survival (OS; P = 0.028) and recurrence-free survival (RFS; P < 0.001). The optimal cutoff PNI value was established at 47.30 using X-tile software. Patients in the PNI-high group had longer OS (P < 0.001) and RFS (P = 0.0028) times than those in the PNI-low group.

Conclusion: Preoperative systemic inflammatory-nutritional biomarkers may be capable of predicting short-term recovery after surgery as well as long-term patient outcomes.

背景:目的:评估炎症和营养指标对胰腺癌(PC)患者预后和术后恢复的影响:本回顾性观察队列研究纳入了2019年1月1日至2023年7月31日期间在我院确诊为PC并接受手术切除的患者。所有数据均来自电子病历系统。研究评估了白蛋白与球蛋白比值、预后营养指数(PNI)、全身免疫炎症指数(SII)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血小板与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)、营养风险指数(NRI)和老年营养风险指数等七种生物标志物:共有 446 名 PC 患者符合纳入标准,随后被纳入研究。术后早期出院的患者往往具有较高的 PNI 值和较低的 SII、NLR 和 PLR 值(所有 P 均小于 0.05)。通过多变量逻辑回归分析,SII 值成为影响术后早期恢复的独立风险因素。此外,单变量和多变量 Cox 回归分析显示,PNI 值是总生存期(OS;P = 0.028)和无复发生存期(RFS;P < 0.001)的最强预后标志。使用 X-tile 软件将 PNI 的最佳临界值定为 47.30。PNI高组患者的OS(P < 0.001)和RFS(P = 0.0028)时间长于PNI低组患者:结论:术前全身炎症-营养生物标志物可能能够预测术后短期恢复情况以及患者的长期预后。
{"title":"Performance of nutritional and inflammatory markers in patients with pancreatic cancer.","authors":"Jie-Nan Lu, Lu-Sha Zhou, Shuai Zhang, Jun-Xiu Li, Cai-Juan Xu","doi":"10.5306/wjco.v15.i8.1021","DOIUrl":"10.5306/wjco.v15.i8.1021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Systemic inflammation and nutrition play pivotal roles in cancer progression and can increase the risk of delayed recovery after surgical procedures.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the significance of inflammatory and nutritional indicators for the prognosis and postoperative recovery of patients with pancreatic cancer (PC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who were diagnosed with PC and underwent surgical resection at our hospital between January 1, 2019, and July 31, 2023, were enrolled in this retrospective observational cohort study. All the data were collected from the electronic medical record system. Seven biomarkers - the albumin-to-globulin ratio, prognostic nutritional index (PNI), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), nutritional risk index (NRI), and geriatric NRI were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 446 patients with PC met the inclusion criteria and were subsequently enrolled. Patients with early postoperative discharge tended to have higher PNI values and lower SII, NLR, and PLR values (all <i>P</i> < 0.05). Through multivariable logistic regression analysis, the SII value emerged as an independent risk factor influencing early recovery after surgery. Additionally, both univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses revealed that the PNI value was the strongest prognostic marker for overall survival (OS; <i>P</i> = 0.028) and recurrence-free survival (RFS; <i>P</i> < 0.001). The optimal cutoff PNI value was established at 47.30 using X-tile software. Patients in the PNI-high group had longer OS (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and RFS (<i>P</i> = 0.0028) times than those in the PNI-low group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preoperative systemic inflammatory-nutritional biomarkers may be capable of predicting short-term recovery after surgery as well as long-term patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23802,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical oncology","volume":"15 8","pages":"1021-1032"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11346065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect and safety of ripretinib in the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 瑞瑞替尼治疗晚期胃肠道间质瘤的效果和安全性:系统综述和荟萃分析。
IF 2.6 Q3 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i8.1092
Ji Li, Hao Zhang, Xiao-Dong Chen

Background: Imatinib (IMA) has received approval as the primary treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Nonetheless, approximately half of the patients with advanced GIST show disease advancement following IMA treatment. Presently, the efficacy of secondary and tertiary medications in addressing various GIST secondary mutations is somewhat restricted. Consequently, there is a significant medical demand for the creation of kinase inhibitors that extensively block secondary drug-resistant mutations in advanced GIST. Ripretinib (RPT) is a new, switch-control tyrosine kinase inhibitors that can suppress different mutations of KIT and PDGFRA via a dual mechanism of action.

Aim: To investigate the literature on RPT to assess an effective, safe, and successful treatment strategy against advanced GIST.

Methods: The present systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were screened from January 1, 2003 to May 1, 2024.

Results: A total of 4 studies were included, with a total of 507 patients enrolled. The objective response rate (ORR) of the RPT-treated advanced GIST was 17% (95%CI: 0.11-0.27), while the disease control rate (DCR) was 66% (95%CI: 0.59-0.73). The overall occurrence of adverse events with varying degrees was 97% (95%CI: 0.93-1), whereas that of grade ≥ 3 adverse reactions was 42% (95%CI: 0.28-0.63). The sensitivity analysis revealed that omitting some studies did not yield statistically notable variances in the aggregate data regarding the ORR, DCR, and the occurrence of adverse events of grade 3 or higher. The publication bias was absent because no significant asymmetry was observed in Begg's funnel plot in all studies.

Conclusion: RPT has favorable efficacy profiles in GIST patients, but the adverse reactions are obvious, and patient management needs to be strengthened to achieve better safety and tolerability.

背景:伊马替尼(IMA)已被批准作为胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)的主要治疗药物。然而,约有一半的晚期 GIST 患者在接受 IMA 治疗后病情出现恶化。目前,针对各种 GIST 次级突变的二级和三级药物的疗效受到一定限制。因此,医学界对能广泛阻断晚期 GIST 次级耐药突变的激酶抑制剂有着巨大的需求。Ripretinib(RPT)是一种新型开关控制型酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,可通过双重作用机制抑制KIT和PDGFRA的不同突变:本系统综述和荟萃分析根据《系统综述和荟萃分析首选报告项目》指南进行。筛选了 2003 年 1 月 1 日至 2024 年 5 月 1 日期间的 PubMed、Embase、Cochrane、Web of Science 和 ClinicalTrials.gov 数据库:结果:共纳入4项研究,507名患者接受了治疗。RPT治疗晚期GIST的客观反应率(ORR)为17%(95%CI:0.11-0.27),疾病控制率(DCR)为66%(95%CI:0.59-0.73)。不同程度不良反应的总体发生率为97%(95%CI:0.93-1),而≥3级不良反应的发生率为42%(95%CI:0.28-0.63)。敏感性分析表明,省略某些研究并不会在 ORR、DCR 和 3 级或以上不良反应发生率的总体数据上产生显著的统计学差异。由于所有研究的贝格漏斗图均未观察到明显的不对称,因此不存在发表偏倚:结论:RPT对GIST患者具有良好的疗效,但不良反应明显,需要加强患者管理以实现更好的安全性和耐受性。
{"title":"Effect and safety of ripretinib in the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ji Li, Hao Zhang, Xiao-Dong Chen","doi":"10.5306/wjco.v15.i8.1092","DOIUrl":"10.5306/wjco.v15.i8.1092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Imatinib (IMA) has received approval as the primary treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Nonetheless, approximately half of the patients with advanced GIST show disease advancement following IMA treatment. Presently, the efficacy of secondary and tertiary medications in addressing various GIST secondary mutations is somewhat restricted. Consequently, there is a significant medical demand for the creation of kinase inhibitors that extensively block secondary drug-resistant mutations in advanced GIST. Ripretinib (RPT) is a new, switch-control tyrosine kinase inhibitors that can suppress different mutations of KIT and PDGFRA <i>via</i> a dual mechanism of action.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the literature on RPT to assess an effective, safe, and successful treatment strategy against advanced GIST.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were screened from January 1, 2003 to May 1, 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4 studies were included, with a total of 507 patients enrolled. The objective response rate (ORR) of the RPT-treated advanced GIST was 17% (95%CI: 0.11-0.27), while the disease control rate (DCR) was 66% (95%CI: 0.59-0.73). The overall occurrence of adverse events with varying degrees was 97% (95%CI: 0.93-1), whereas that of grade ≥ 3 adverse reactions was 42% (95%CI: 0.28-0.63). The sensitivity analysis revealed that omitting some studies did not yield statistically notable variances in the aggregate data regarding the ORR, DCR, and the occurrence of adverse events of grade 3 or higher. The publication bias was absent because no significant asymmetry was observed in Begg's funnel plot in all studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RPT has favorable efficacy profiles in GIST patients, but the adverse reactions are obvious, and patient management needs to be strengthened to achieve better safety and tolerability.</p>","PeriodicalId":23802,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical oncology","volume":"15 8","pages":"1092-1101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11346076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma involving chronic difficult-to-heal wounds: A case report. 非霍奇金淋巴瘤累及难以愈合的慢性伤口:病例报告。
IF 2.6 Q3 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i8.1110
Pei-Shen Zhang, Rong Wang, Hu-Wen Wu, Han Zhou, Han-Bin Deng, Wen-Xuan Fan, Jia-Cheng Li, Shao-Wen Cheng

Background: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a malignant tumor that originates from the lymphoid tissues and can potentially affect numerous organs within the body. Among these, the skin stands out as one of the primary sites affected by NHL, often presenting with multiple extra-nodal manifestations. In this report, we present an unusual case of NHL involving chronic wounds in the lower extremities that were difficult to heal. The scars were successfully treated using radiotherapy in combination with extended excision debridement and peroneal artery perforator flap grafting, resulting in satisfactory outcomes.

Case summary: A 19-year-old male patient presented with ulceration of the skin on the left calf near the ankle accompanied by purulent discharge. Subsequent pathologic biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of NHL (extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type). Initial treatment comprised local radiotherapy and wound care; however, the wound exhibited prolonged non-healing. Consequently, the patient underwent a series of interventions including radiotherapy, wound enlargement excision debridement, and peroneal artery perforator flap grafting. Ultimately, successful healing was achieved with favorable postoperative outcomes characterized by good texture of the flap without any signs of rupture or infection.

Conclusion: The combination of radiotherapy, wound enlargement excision debridement, and peroneal artery perforator flap grafting may present a favorable treatment modality for chronic non-healing lower leg wounds resulting from NHL.

背景:非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)是一种起源于淋巴组织的恶性肿瘤,可影响体内多个器官。其中,皮肤是受 NHL 影响的主要部位之一,通常伴有多种结节外表现。在本报告中,我们介绍了一例非同寻常的NHL病例,患者下肢有难以愈合的慢性伤口。病例摘要:一名19岁的男性患者因左小腿靠近脚踝处皮肤溃烂并伴有脓性分泌物而就诊。随后的病理活检确诊为 NHL(结节外 NK/T 细胞淋巴瘤,鼻型)。最初的治疗包括局部放疗和伤口护理,但伤口长期不愈合。因此,患者接受了一系列干预措施,包括放疗、伤口扩大切除清创和腓动脉穿孔皮瓣移植。最终,伤口成功愈合,术后效果良好,皮瓣质地良好,无任何破裂或感染迹象:结论:放疗、伤口扩大切除清创术和腓动脉穿孔带皮瓣移植术相结合,可能是治疗NHL导致的小腿慢性伤口不愈合的一种有效方法。
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引用次数: 0
Potential role of transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1 as a biomarker in urothelial cancer. 跨膜 9 超家族成员 1 作为尿道癌生物标志物的潜在作用。
IF 2.6 Q3 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i8.965
Alvaro Pinto, Abrahams Ocanto, Felipe Couñago

Bladder cancer is a urological tumor with high rates of recurrence despite recent advances in novel therapies. Many proteins involved in the molecular mechanisms are currently an enigma, especially the transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1 which has an unclear function. Wei et al published the function and mechanism of this protein, and showed that it could participate in the proliferation, migration and invasion of tumor cells in bladder cancer, therefore treatments directed against this protein may be beneficial in avoiding this condition.

膀胱癌是一种泌尿系统肿瘤,尽管近年来新型疗法取得了进展,但其复发率仍然很高。目前,许多参与其分子机制的蛋白质仍是一个谜,尤其是功能不明确的跨膜 9 超家族成员 1。Wei 等人发表了该蛋白的功能和机制,并表明它可参与膀胱癌中肿瘤细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,因此针对该蛋白的治疗可能有利于避免这种情况的发生。
{"title":"Potential role of transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1 as a biomarker in urothelial cancer.","authors":"Alvaro Pinto, Abrahams Ocanto, Felipe Couñago","doi":"10.5306/wjco.v15.i8.965","DOIUrl":"10.5306/wjco.v15.i8.965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bladder cancer is a urological tumor with high rates of recurrence despite recent advances in novel therapies. Many proteins involved in the molecular mechanisms are currently an enigma, especially the transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1 which has an unclear function. Wei <i>et al</i> published the function and mechanism of this protein, and showed that it could participate in the proliferation, migration and invasion of tumor cells in bladder cancer, therefore treatments directed against this protein may be beneficial in avoiding this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":23802,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical oncology","volume":"15 8","pages":"965-967"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11346073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Individualized vaginal applicator for stage IIb primary vaginal adenocarcinoma: A case report. 治疗 IIb 期原发性阴道腺癌的个体化阴道涂抹器:病例报告。
IF 2.6 Q3 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i8.1102
Saijilafu, Yan-Jun Gu, Ai-Wu Huang, Chang-Fen Xu, Li-Wen Qian

Background: Primary vaginal cancer is rare and most vaginal tumors are metastatic, often arising from adjacent gynecologic structures. Primary vaginal cancers are also more common among postmenopausal women and most of these are squamous cell carcinomas, with adenocarcinomas being relatively rare. Vaginal bleeding is the most common clinical manifestation of vaginal adenocarcinoma. About 70% of vaginal adenocarcinomas are stage I lesions at the time of diagnosis, for which radical surgery is recommended. However, more advanced vaginal cancers are not amenable to radical surgical treatment and have poor clinical outcomes. Optimal treatments modes are still being explored. Here, we report a rare case of stage IIb primary vaginal adenocarcinoma for which an individually designed vaginal applicator for after-loading radiotherapy was used to achieve good tumor control.

Case summary: A 62-year-old woman presented to our clinic after 3 months of abnormal postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. Gynecological examination, computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography-CT showed a large mass (about 5 cm) on the anterior vaginal wall. Colposcopy biopsy confirmed adenocarcinoma of vaginal origin. After three cycles of carboplatin plus paclitaxel chemotherapy, the lesion partially shrunk. The patient then received external irradiation of 45 gray (gy) in 25 fractions, which further reduced the vaginal lesion, followed by after-loading radiotherapy of 30 gy in 5 fractions with an individually designed vaginal applicator. Three months later, magnetic resonance imaging showed a slight thickening of the anterior vaginal wall.

Conclusion: Primary vaginal adenocarcinoma is rare, and prognosis is poor in most vaginal cancers of locally advanced stages, which cannot be treated with radical surgery. Better tumor control can be achieved with an individualized vaginal applicator that allows administration of a higher radical dose to the tumor area while protecting normal tissues.

背景:原发性阴道癌非常罕见,大多数阴道肿瘤是转移性的,通常来自邻近的妇科结构。原发性阴道癌在绝经后妇女中也较为常见,其中大多数是鳞状细胞癌,腺癌相对罕见。阴道出血是阴道腺癌最常见的临床表现。约 70% 的阴道腺癌在确诊时属于 I 期病变,建议进行根治性手术。然而,晚期阴道癌不适合根治性手术治疗,临床疗效不佳。最佳治疗模式仍在探索之中。在此,我们报告了一例罕见的Ⅱb期原发性阴道腺癌病例,该病例采用了独立设计的阴道涂抹器进行后负荷放疗,取得了良好的肿瘤控制效果。病例摘要:一名62岁的妇女在绝经后异常阴道出血3个月后到我院就诊。妇科检查、计算机断层扫描(CT)和正电子发射断层扫描(CT)显示阴道前壁有一巨大肿块(约 5 厘米)。阴道镜活检证实为阴道源性腺癌。经过三个周期的卡铂加紫杉醇化疗,病灶部分缩小。随后,患者接受了分 25 次、每次 45 灰度(gy)的外照射,进一步缩小了阴道病灶,之后又接受了分 5 次、每次 30 Gy 的后装放射治疗,使用的是独立设计的阴道涂抹器。三个月后,磁共振成像显示阴道前壁轻微增厚:原发性阴道腺癌非常罕见,大多数局部晚期阴道癌预后较差,无法采用根治性手术治疗。个体化的阴道涂抹器可以在保护正常组织的同时,对肿瘤区域施以更高的根治剂量,从而更好地控制肿瘤。
{"title":"Individualized vaginal applicator for stage IIb primary vaginal adenocarcinoma: A case report.","authors":"Saijilafu, Yan-Jun Gu, Ai-Wu Huang, Chang-Fen Xu, Li-Wen Qian","doi":"10.5306/wjco.v15.i8.1102","DOIUrl":"10.5306/wjco.v15.i8.1102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Primary vaginal cancer is rare and most vaginal tumors are metastatic, often arising from adjacent gynecologic structures. Primary vaginal cancers are also more common among postmenopausal women and most of these are squamous cell carcinomas, with adenocarcinomas being relatively rare. Vaginal bleeding is the most common clinical manifestation of vaginal adenocarcinoma. About 70% of vaginal adenocarcinomas are stage I lesions at the time of diagnosis, for which radical surgery is recommended. However, more advanced vaginal cancers are not amenable to radical surgical treatment and have poor clinical outcomes. Optimal treatments modes are still being explored. Here, we report a rare case of stage IIb primary vaginal adenocarcinoma for which an individually designed vaginal applicator for after-loading radiotherapy was used to achieve good tumor control.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 62-year-old woman presented to our clinic after 3 months of abnormal postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. Gynecological examination, computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography-CT showed a large mass (about 5 cm) on the anterior vaginal wall. Colposcopy biopsy confirmed adenocarcinoma of vaginal origin. After three cycles of carboplatin plus paclitaxel chemotherapy, the lesion partially shrunk. The patient then received external irradiation of 45 gray (gy) in 25 fractions, which further reduced the vaginal lesion, followed by after-loading radiotherapy of 30 gy in 5 fractions with an individually designed vaginal applicator. Three months later, magnetic resonance imaging showed a slight thickening of the anterior vaginal wall.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Primary vaginal adenocarcinoma is rare, and prognosis is poor in most vaginal cancers of locally advanced stages, which cannot be treated with radical surgery. Better tumor control can be achieved with an individualized vaginal applicator that allows administration of a higher radical dose to the tumor area while protecting normal tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":23802,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical oncology","volume":"15 8","pages":"1102-1109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11346074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Personalized medicine: Clinical oncology on molecular view of treatment. 个性化医疗:从分子角度看临床肿瘤治疗。
IF 2.6 Q3 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i8.992
Rafick Costa Dos Santos Da Silva, Nathalia de Andrade Simon, André Alves Dos Santos, Gabriel De Melo Olegário, Jayne Ferreira Da Silva, Naide Oliveira Sousa, Manuel Alvarez Troncoso Corbacho, Fabrício Freire de Melo

Cancer, the second leading global cause of death, impacts both physically and emotionally. Conventional treatments such as surgeries, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have adverse effects, driving the need for more precise approaches. Precision medicine enables more targeted treatments. Genetic mapping, alongside other molecular biology approaches, identifies specific genes, contributing to accurate prognoses. The review addresses, in clinical use, a molecular perspective on treatment. Biomarkers like alpha-fetoprotein, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, programmed death-1, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 are explored, providing valuable information. Bioinformatics, with an emphasis on artificial intelligence, revolutionizes the analysis of biological data, offering more accurate diagnoses. Techniques like liquid biopsy are emphasized for early detection. Precision medicine guides therapeutic strategies based on the molecular characteristics of the tumor, as evidenced in the molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Classifications allow personalized treatments, highlighting the role of trastuzumab and endocrine therapies. Despite the benefits, challenges persist, including high costs, tumor heterogeneity, and ethical issues. Overcoming obstacles requires collaboration, ensuring that advances in molecular biology translate into accessible benefits for all.

癌症是全球第二大死因,对患者的身体和情感都造成了影响。手术、化疗和放疗等传统治疗方法会产生不良影响,因此需要更精确的方法。精准医疗可以实现更有针对性的治疗。基因图谱和其他分子生物学方法可识别特定基因,有助于准确预后。这篇综述从分子角度探讨了临床应用中的治疗问题。探讨了甲胎蛋白、β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素、5-羟基吲哚乙酸、程序性死亡-1 和细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞相关蛋白 4 等生物标志物,提供了有价值的信息。以人工智能为重点的生物信息学彻底改变了对生物数据的分析,提供了更准确的诊断。液体活检等技术被强调用于早期检测。精准医学根据肿瘤的分子特征指导治疗策略,乳腺癌的分子亚型就是证明。通过分类可以进行个性化治疗,突出了曲妥珠单抗和内分泌疗法的作用。尽管好处多多,但挑战依然存在,包括高成本、肿瘤异质性和伦理问题。克服障碍需要合作,确保分子生物学的进步转化为所有人都能享受到的益处。
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引用次数: 0
Six transmembrane epithelial antigens of the prostate to illustrate inflammatory response in gastrointestinal cancers. 前列腺的六种跨膜上皮抗原说明胃肠道癌症的炎症反应。
IF 2.6 Q3 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i8.961
Yi-Han Wu, Lian-Xiang Luo

Gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) is a common and widespread form of tumor, with colonoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy available to detect relevant precancerous polyps and lesions. However, many patients are already in the late stages when first diagnosed with such cancer, resulting in a poor prognosis. Thus, it is necessary to explore new methods and research directions in order to improve the treatment of GIC. Given the specific nature of the gastrointestinal tract, research should focus on the mechanisms of various inflammations and the interactions between food entering and exiting from the gastrointestinal tract and cancer cells. Interestingly, six transmembrane epithelial antigens of the prostates (STEAPs) have been found to be significantly linked to the progression of malignant tumors, associated with intracellular oxidative stress and playing a major role in inflammation with their structure and function. This paper explores the mechanism of STEAPs in the inflammatory response of GIC, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and early intervention of GIC. The basic properties of the STEAP family as metal reductase are also explained. When it comes to intervention for GIC prevention, STEAPs can affect the activity of Fe3+, Cu2+ reductase and regulate metal ion uptake in vivo, participating in inflammation-related iron and copper homeostasis. Thus, the mechanism of STEAPs on inflammation is of important value in the prevention of GIC.

胃肠癌(GIC)是一种常见且普遍的肿瘤,结肠镜和上消化道内镜检查可发现相关的癌前息肉和病变。然而,许多患者在首次确诊时已处于晚期,预后较差。因此,有必要探索新的方法和研究方向,以改善 GIC 的治疗。鉴于胃肠道的特殊性,研究重点应放在各种炎症的机制以及进出胃肠道的食物与癌细胞之间的相互作用上。有趣的是,研究发现前列腺的六种跨膜上皮抗原(STEAPs)与恶性肿瘤的进展密切相关,与细胞内氧化应激有关,其结构和功能在炎症中发挥着重要作用。本文探讨了 STEAPs 在 GIC 炎症反应中的作用机制,为预防和早期干预 GIC 提供理论依据。本文还解释了 STEAP 家族作为金属还原酶的基本特性。在干预 GIC 预防方面,STEAPs 可影响体内 Fe3+、Cu2+ 还原酶的活性并调节金属离子的摄取,参与炎症相关的铁和铜的平衡。因此,STEAPs 对炎症的作用机制对预防 GIC 具有重要价值。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
World journal of clinical oncology
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