World Journal of Pediatric Surgery最新文献

Objective: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are an important quality indicator and are associated with significantly increased mortality in infants. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for PPCs in neonates undergoing non-cardiothoracic surgery.

Methods: In this retrospective study, all neonates who underwent non-cardiothoracic surgery in a children's hospital from October 2020 to September 2022 were included for analysis. Demographic data and perioperative variables were obtained. The primary outcome was the occurrence of PPCs. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the effect of patient-related factors on the occurrence of PPCs.

Results: Totally, 867 neonatal surgery patients met the inclusion criteria in this study, among which 35.3% (306/867) patients experienced pulmonary complications within 1 week postoperatively. The PPCs observed in this study were 51 exacerbations of pre-existing pneumonia, 198 new patchy shadows, 123 new pulmonary atelectasis, 10 new pneumothorax, and 6 new pleural effusion. Patients were divided into two groups: PPCs (n=306) and non-PPCs (n=561). The multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed five independent risk factors for PPCs: corrected gestational age (OR=0.938; 95% CI 0.890 to 0.988), preoperative pneumonia (OR=2.139; 95% CI 1.033 to 4.426), length of surgery (> 60 min) (OR=1.699; 95% CI 1.134 to 2.548), preoperative mechanical ventilation (OR=1.857; 95% CI 1.169 to 2.951), and intraoperative albumin infusion (OR=1.456; 95% CI 1.041 to 2.036) in neonates undergoing non-cardiothoracic surgery.

Conclusion: Identifying risk factors for neonatal PPCs will allow for the identification of patients who are at higher risk and intervention for any modifiable risk factors identified.

Objective: The multidisciplinary antenatal diagnosis staff bring together practitioners who are involved in the management of the antenatal period at birth. This project was designed following the French experience to institute multidisciplinary consultation meetings for prenatal diagnosis (MCMPD) in Benin.

Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study examining the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Beninese practitioners in the field of MCMPD to develop the pilot phase of the project.

Results: We collected 108 participants from different specialties. Pediatricians and pediatric surgeons were in the majority at 23.9% and 16.5%, respectively. Sixty-seven percent of participants were from the public sector (n=75). One practitioner felt that it was not a good idea to implement these meetings. Almost all staff (96.2%) agreed that this meeting would have a positive impact on reducing neonatal mortality. Omphalocele (58.5%), spina bifida aperta (43.6%), and gastroschisis (34%) were the most commonly diagnosed antenatal conditions in Benin. No neonatal pathology required medical termination of the pregnancy according to 35.6% of the participants.

Conclusions: The objective of reducing infant mortality due to medical and surgical pathologies is a noble one and deserves to be supported. This innovative project, developed through this study, the first of its kind in the subregion, will contribute inexorably to the achievement of the third Goal Sustainable Development.

Background: Although adhesive strapping (AS) for pediatric umbilical hernia (UH), which was once obsolete, has been reconsidered as a common practice in Japan, its efficacy is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate its efficacy by reviewing related articles.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Igaku Chuo Zasshi via Ichushi-Web was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Cohort studies reporting on the UH closure rate after AS compared with observation-only management were included.

Results: A total of 10 cohort studies were included, and the overall UH closure rate was not statistically significant (p=0.31, risk ratio (RR)=0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45 to 1.28). However, there were significant differences in the UH closure rate at the age of 6 months (p<0.01, RR=0.55, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.75) and the efficacy of preventing protruding umbilici with redundant skin (p=0.049, RR=0.16, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.99).

Conclusions: Although the efficacy of AS on UH compared with observation-only management did not differ in terms of the UH closure rate, the application of AS may be effective for faster UH closure and the prevention of protruding umbilici. However, due to the high heterogeneity of the study, further large-scale studies, particularly randomized controlled trials, are warranted to reach a conclusion.

Prospero registration number: CRD42022314417.

Background: Complications are frequently reported after hypospadias repair and there is a need to understand the factors that influence their occurrence.

Methods: Data from boys with hypospadias born between 2000 and 2020 were obtained from the International Disorders of Sex Development (I-DSD) Registry. Logistic regressions, fisher's exact tests and spearman's correlation tests were performed on the data to assess associations between clinical factors and complication rates.

Results: Of the 551 eligible boys, data were available on 160 (29%). Within the cohort, the median (range) External Masculinization Score (EMS) was 6 (2, 9). All presented with one or more additional genital malformation and 61 (38%) presented with additional extragenital malformations. Disorders of androgen action, androgen synthesis and gonadal development were diagnosed in 28 (18%), 22 (14%) and 9 (6%) boys, respectively. The remaining 101 (62%) patients were diagnosed as having non-specific 46,XY Disorders of Sex Development. Eighty (50%) boys had evidence of abnormal biochemistry, and gene variants were identified in 42 (26%). Median age at first hypospadias surgery was 2 years (0, 9), and median length of follow-up was 5 years (0, 17). Postsurgical complications were noted in 102 (64%) boys. There were no significant associations with postsurgical complications.

Conclusions: Boys with proximal hypospadias in the I-DSD Registry have high rates of additional comorbidities and a high risk of postoperative complications. No clinical factors were significantly associated with complication rates. High complication rates with no observable cause suggest the involvement of other factors which need investigation.

Background: Pediatric patients affected by scoliosis have complex psychological and social care needs, and may benefit from psychosocial interventions. We therefore aimed to summarize evidence of the efficacy of psychosocial interventions for this patient population.

Methods: Literature was identified by searching Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, EBSCO Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from database inception to 20 March 2022. Articles that evaluated the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for pediatric patients diagnosed with scoliosis and reported at least one quantitative outcome were included. Article eligibility, data extraction, and quality assessment (using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias Tool and Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies) were performed by two independent researchers. Findings are presented using narrative synthesis.

Results: We identified ten studies, all of which focused on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Studies included a total of 1007 participants, most of whom were female. Three studies focused on patients undergoing bracing, six on patients undergoing spinal surgery, and one on patients broadly. Brace compliance monitoring and counseling were found to significantly improve brace compliance quality and quantity. Proactive mental healthcare delivery by nurses after spinal surgery was similarly found to improve outcomes. Several studies examined the efficacy of brief educational interventions; most did not report clear evidence of their efficacy. The methodological quality of studies was often unclear due to limitations in articles' reporting quality.

Conclusions: Research on the efficacy of psychosocial interventions for pediatric patients with scoliosis is limited, with interventions involving frequent patient-provider interactions showing the most promise. Future clinical and research efforts should focus on developing and testing psychosocial interventions for this patient population, with emphasis on multidisciplinary teams delivering holistic care.

Trial registration number: PROSPERO number CRD42022326957.