The present work is undertaken to investigate the corrosion resistance of ever silver in the presence of water, water+curd system, water+curd+rice system, water+curd+rice+Salt system. The corrosion resistance has been evaluated by AC impedance spectra . AC impedance spectra have been employed to investigate the corrosion resistance of ever silver electrode when it is immersed in various test solutions like water, curd, curd rice recipe, curd rice recipe with salt (sodium chloride 500 ppm). The corrosion resistance of ever silver electrode when it is immersed in various test solutions like water, water+curd, water+curd+rice and water+curd+rice+salt have been evaluated by AC impedance spectroscopy. If a protective film is formed, the charge transfer resistance increases, impedance value increases, phase angle value increases and double layer capacitance (Cdl) value decreases. When Ever silver electrode is immersed in water + curd rice system + 500ppmsodium chloride system, the corrosion resistance of ever silver electrode decreases. This is due to the presence of chloride ion introduced into the curd rice system. It implies that when curd rice is packed in vessels made of ever silver, we should avoid adding salt to the curd rice. It is better to keep the salt and curd rice separately. It is to be noted that this corrosion resistance is better than the corrosion resistance in water alone. The corrosion resistance decreases in the following order: Water + Curd + Rice system > Water + Curd + Rice + Salt system (sodium chloride 500ppm) > Water+ Curd system > Water
{"title":"Influence of sodium chloride on corrosion resistance of ever silver vessels in the presence of curd rice","authors":"Thangarajan Umamathi, Venkatachalam Prathipa, Arockiam Roslin, Arockiaraj Little Jewelcy, Micheal Velankanni Jeevithe Clara, Nilavan Anitha, Mohamed Ibrahim Nasrin Sahana, Rajendran Susai, Arjunan Krishnaveni","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1173","url":null,"abstract":"The present work is undertaken to investigate the corrosion resistance of ever silver in the presence of water, water+curd system, water+curd+rice system, water+curd+rice+Salt system. The corrosion resistance has been evaluated by AC impedance spectra . AC impedance spectra have been employed to investigate the corrosion resistance of ever silver electrode when it is immersed in various test solutions like water, curd, curd rice recipe, curd rice recipe with salt (sodium chloride 500 ppm). The corrosion resistance of ever silver electrode when it is immersed in various test solutions like water, water+curd, water+curd+rice and water+curd+rice+salt have been evaluated by AC impedance spectroscopy. If a protective film is formed, the charge transfer resistance increases, impedance value increases, phase angle value increases and double layer capacitance (Cdl) value decreases. When Ever silver electrode is immersed in water + curd rice system + 500ppmsodium chloride system, the corrosion resistance of ever silver electrode decreases. This is due to the presence of chloride ion introduced into the curd rice system. It implies that when curd rice is packed in vessels made of ever silver, we should avoid adding salt to the curd rice. It is better to keep the salt and curd rice separately. It is to be noted that this corrosion resistance is better than the corrosion resistance in water alone. The corrosion resistance decreases in the following order: Water + Curd + Rice system > Water + Curd + Rice + Salt system (sodium chloride 500ppm) > Water+ Curd system > Water","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bullet-resistant jackets are one of the innovations that demonstrate how textile engineering and technology can work together to protect people from ballistic threats. To improve the protective qualities of bulletproof jackets, it is imperative to comprehend the wide variety of textile materials that are used in them. This study aims to clarify the complex interplay between protection, flexibility, and comfort that is inherent in these kinds of clothes by a thorough analysis of a variety of fibers, fabrics and composites, each offering unique characteristics that contribute to the overall effectiveness of these types of garments. Important factors were determined to take into account when choosing the best material based on particular needs like flexibility, comfort, weight, and degree of protection through careful analysis and comparison. This exploration shall provide valuable insights for researchers, manufacturers, and consumers alike, fostering advancements in protective garment design and promoting informed decision-making in the realm of personal safety.
{"title":"Protection from ballistic threats: an exploration of textile materials for bullet-resistant outerwear","authors":"Subrata Das, Kaliappan Prathasana, Pathipalayam Arumugam Nitin, Krishnan Ramamoorthi Lakshimi JayaPriya, Vemban Mathivanan","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1202","url":null,"abstract":"Bullet-resistant jackets are one of the innovations that demonstrate how textile engineering and technology can work together to protect people from ballistic threats. To improve the protective qualities of bulletproof jackets, it is imperative to comprehend the wide variety of textile materials that are used in them. This study aims to clarify the complex interplay between protection, flexibility, and comfort that is inherent in these kinds of clothes by a thorough analysis of a variety of fibers, fabrics and composites, each offering unique characteristics that contribute to the overall effectiveness of these types of garments. Important factors were determined to take into account when choosing the best material based on particular needs like flexibility, comfort, weight, and degree of protection through careful analysis and comparison. This exploration shall provide valuable insights for researchers, manufacturers, and consumers alike, fostering advancements in protective garment design and promoting informed decision-making in the realm of personal safety.","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Global population growth is placing a pressure on freshwater resources. Freshwater resources are becoming scarcer in terms of both quantity and quality due to the rising demand. Assessing water quality of surface water bodies for irrigation is essential as water with poor quality can pose health risks. The study involved observing the physicochemical parameters of Kondakarla Ava Lake from six different sampling locations. The study revealed that it could not use directly for drinking purposes as per NSFWQI. According to parameters like RSC, SAR, PI, % Na, and IWQI, water quality is appropriate for irrigation. It is further strengthened by the USSL diagram showing that the Kondakarla Ava Lake samples fall under the categories C3S1 and C4S1, which indicates that water has low sodium peril and high to very high salinity. The Wilcox diagram showed the grouping of the samples under three categories: excellent, good to permissible, and doubtful.
{"title":"Evaluating the water quality of a Kondakarla Ava Lake for agricultural endeavours in Visakhapatnam, India","authors":"Sirisha Korrai, B.Vinay Sagar, Madhavi Earle, Sangeetha Sankhyayani Achanta, Hemanshu Mediboyana","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1172","url":null,"abstract":"Global population growth is placing a pressure on freshwater resources. Freshwater resources are becoming scarcer in terms of both quantity and quality due to the rising demand. Assessing water quality of surface water bodies for irrigation is essential as water with poor quality can pose health risks. The study involved observing the physicochemical parameters of Kondakarla Ava Lake from six different sampling locations. The study revealed that it could not use directly for drinking purposes as per NSFWQI. According to parameters like RSC, SAR, PI, % Na, and IWQI, water quality is appropriate for irrigation. It is further strengthened by the USSL diagram showing that the Kondakarla Ava Lake samples fall under the categories C3S1 and C4S1, which indicates that water has low sodium peril and high to very high salinity. The Wilcox diagram showed the grouping of the samples under three categories: excellent, good to permissible, and doubtful.","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marija Mitrović, Milena Milovanović, Nebojša Vasiljević, Milorad Тоmić
Aluminium samples were chemically prepared by following operations: degreasing, etching I, etching II, and brightening), prior to anodizing in sulfuric acid. Aluminium surface area was 0.2 dm2. The composition of used aluminium samples was determined by the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Chemically prepared aluminium samples were electrochemically anodized for 45 minutes in a solution of 190 gdm-3 H2SO4 at room temperature, at a current density of 1.7 Adm-2. In the anodizing process, the aluminium sample served as the anode, with lead cathodes. After anodizing, the aluminium samples underwent a colouring process in five pairs of solutions (systems), where each system consisted of two solutions of inorganic salts RxA + RxB (x = 1-5, numbers of solutions). Colouring of the anodized aluminium was carried out at room temperature by immersing the samples in each solution for 7 minutes (e.g., R1A + R1B, τ =7 min + 7 min). Each used colouring system provides a different colour: green-yellow, brown, light-grey, blue, and orange-gold. After colouring, the samples were treated in a special solution to improve corrosion resistance and silication, resulting in a change in the obtained colour shade. All obtained colours were stable with very nice appearance, allowing such coloured aluminium to be used for decorative purposes. The corrosion resistance of the coloured anodized aluminium samples was investigated by determining the corrosion potential, corrosion current and polarization resistance using potentiodynamic polarization method, as well as by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A common feature of all tested samples is a significant improvement in the corrosion resistance of the anodized aluminium after colouring and subsequent treatment in the corrosion resistance improvement solution, particularly after the additional silane treatment.
{"title":"The effect of anodization and subsequent treatments on corrosion resistance of aluminium","authors":"Marija Mitrović, Milena Milovanović, Nebojša Vasiljević, Milorad Тоmić","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1174","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminium samples were chemically prepared by following operations: degreasing, etching I, etching II, and brightening), prior to anodizing in sulfuric acid. Aluminium surface area was 0.2 dm2. The composition of used aluminium samples was determined by the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Chemically prepared aluminium samples were electrochemically anodized for 45 minutes in a solution of 190 gdm-3 H2SO4 at room temperature, at a current density of 1.7 Adm-2. In the anodizing process, the aluminium sample served as the anode, with lead cathodes. After anodizing, the aluminium samples underwent a colouring process in five pairs of solutions (systems), where each system consisted of two solutions of inorganic salts RxA + RxB (x = 1-5, numbers of solutions). Colouring of the anodized aluminium was carried out at room temperature by immersing the samples in each solution for 7 minutes (e.g., R1A + R1B, τ =7 min + 7 min). Each used colouring system provides a different colour: green-yellow, brown, light-grey, blue, and orange-gold. After colouring, the samples were treated in a special solution to improve corrosion resistance and silication, resulting in a change in the obtained colour shade. All obtained colours were stable with very nice appearance, allowing such coloured aluminium to be used for decorative purposes. The corrosion resistance of the coloured anodized aluminium samples was investigated by determining the corrosion potential, corrosion current and polarization resistance using potentiodynamic polarization method, as well as by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A common feature of all tested samples is a significant improvement in the corrosion resistance of the anodized aluminium after colouring and subsequent treatment in the corrosion resistance improvement solution, particularly after the additional silane treatment.","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bashir Abdu Muzakkari, Amina Salihi Bayero, Musa Ibrahim Mohammed, Pramod K. Singh, Umar Muhammad Jibreel
Waste tyres are dumped and common kind of abandon solid waste. Almost 3 billion tyres are produced each year and each tyre produced will eventually join the waste products and if not properly handled will become pollutant. In many countries disposal of waste tyres is prohibited; as an alternative they should be recovered and recycled instead. In this review pyrolysis was introduced as an alternative way of recycling waste tyres, Pyrolysis allows the dissolution of the waste and it also produces useful by-products. The products obtained during the process are pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis char and condensable gas. Pyrolysis oil is the major product among them, this paper reviewed pyrolysis oil as an alternative sources of fuel to diesel engines and as well to highlight the chemicals obtained in the waste tyres from the pyrolysis oil which mainly depends on the kind of feedstock (i.e. type of tyres e.g truck, cars, bicycle) used in the pyrolysis process. Most of the compounds obtained are Aliphatic and Aromatic hydrocarbons (especially the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon PAHs) such as Naphthalene – NAP, Acenaphthylene – ACY, Acenaphthene –ACE, Fluorene – FLU, Phenanthrene – PHE, Anthracene – ANT, Fluoranthene–FLT, Pyrene–PYR, Benzo[a]anthracene – BAA, Chrysene – CRY, Benzo[b]fluoranthene – BBF, Benzo[k[fluoranthene – BKF, Benzo[a]pyrene – BAP, Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene – DBA, Benzo[g,h,i]perylene – BGP, Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene – IND among others. Consequently, the pyrolysis oil obtained need further upgrading via a reaction pathways are hydrodesulfurization (HDS), hydrodearomatization (HDA) and hydrocracking (HC) which can be achieved through a 2-stage hydroprocessing strategy regarding WTPO composition in terms of HDS, HAD and HC. Pyrolysis oil from waste tyres can be used as a substitute for diesel and as well as sources of raw materials and fuel to organic chemical industries.
{"title":"Waste tyres pyrolysis oil (WTPO) as an alternative source of fuel and chemicals: a review","authors":"Bashir Abdu Muzakkari, Amina Salihi Bayero, Musa Ibrahim Mohammed, Pramod K. Singh, Umar Muhammad Jibreel","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1153","url":null,"abstract":"Waste tyres are dumped and common kind of abandon solid waste. Almost 3 billion tyres are produced each year and each tyre produced will eventually join the waste products and if not properly handled will become pollutant. In many countries disposal of waste tyres is prohibited; as an alternative they should be recovered and recycled instead. In this review pyrolysis was introduced as an alternative way of recycling waste tyres, Pyrolysis allows the dissolution of the waste and it also produces useful by-products. The products obtained during the process are pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis char and condensable gas. Pyrolysis oil is the major product among them, this paper reviewed pyrolysis oil as an alternative sources of fuel to diesel engines and as well to highlight the chemicals obtained in the waste tyres from the pyrolysis oil which mainly depends on the kind of feedstock (i.e. type of tyres e.g truck, cars, bicycle) used in the pyrolysis process. Most of the compounds obtained are Aliphatic and Aromatic hydrocarbons (especially the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon PAHs) such as Naphthalene – NAP, Acenaphthylene – ACY, Acenaphthene –ACE, Fluorene – FLU, Phenanthrene – PHE, Anthracene – ANT, Fluoranthene–FLT, Pyrene–PYR, Benzo[a]anthracene – BAA, Chrysene – CRY, Benzo[b]fluoranthene – BBF, Benzo[k[fluoranthene – BKF, Benzo[a]pyrene – BAP, Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene – DBA, Benzo[g,h,i]perylene – BGP, Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene – IND among others. Consequently, the pyrolysis oil obtained need further upgrading via a reaction pathways are hydrodesulfurization (HDS), hydrodearomatization (HDA) and hydrocracking (HC) which can be achieved through a 2-stage hydroprocessing strategy regarding WTPO composition in terms of HDS, HAD and HC. Pyrolysis oil from waste tyres can be used as a substitute for diesel and as well as sources of raw materials and fuel to organic chemical industries.","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Melnyk, Lev Chernyak, V. Sviderskyy, Ludmila Vovchenko, Viktoria Yevpak
The object of the study was composite materials using rocks of volcanic origin as a filler (60-90 wt.%) and aqueous dispersions of polymers Latex 2012 and Policril 590 as a matrix. The peculiarities of the chemical and mineralogical composition and surface properties of perlite and zeolite as factors of interaction with the binder in the formation of the composite structure are shown. Differences in lyophilicity coefficients and effective specific surface of zeolite and perlite were determined, which are 0.318 versus 0.189 and 11.68 versus 2.20 m2/g, respectively. The influence of a high concentration of fillers on the formation of the pore structure and indicators of physical and mechanical properties of composites is evaluated. The possibility of adjusting the properties of the composites in the following range was established: water absorption in the range of 2.63-14.16 wt.%, open porosity 3.58-21.35 %, residual strain 0.1-0.3, Young’s modulus 19.7-677.5 MPa.
{"title":"Comparative study of various volcanic materials as fillers in polymer composites","authors":"L. Melnyk, Lev Chernyak, V. Sviderskyy, Ludmila Vovchenko, Viktoria Yevpak","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1171","url":null,"abstract":"The object of the study was composite materials using rocks of volcanic origin as a filler (60-90 wt.%) and aqueous dispersions of polymers Latex 2012 and Policril 590 as a matrix. The peculiarities of the chemical and mineralogical composition and surface properties of perlite and zeolite as factors of interaction with the binder in the formation of the composite structure are shown. Differences in lyophilicity coefficients and effective specific surface of zeolite and perlite were determined, which are 0.318 versus 0.189 and 11.68 versus 2.20 m2/g, respectively. The influence of a high concentration of fillers on the formation of the pore structure and indicators of physical and mechanical properties of composites is evaluated. The possibility of adjusting the properties of the composites in the following range was established: water absorption in the range of 2.63-14.16 wt.%, open porosity 3.58-21.35 %, residual strain 0.1-0.3, Young’s modulus 19.7-677.5 MPa.","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antifungal hydro-repellent coatings were formulated for Pinus ponderosa panels’ protection. The fomulated coatings were based on a hydroxylated acrylic resin chemically modified with n-octyltriethoxysilane (R8), n-octadecyltriethoxysilane (R18), and some mixtures of them as hybrid film-forming material. Diatomaceous silica was used as a pigment. The share of silane was 20% higher than the stoichiometric ratio to allow its interaction with cellulose hydroxyl groups (-OH). Results indicated that the best antifungal efficiency was reached with coating formulated with 70R8/30R18 ratio due to the chemical reaction of cellulose hydroxyl groups (causing its blocking) and the physical barrier created by the degree of compaction of the film itself. Moreover, Biodeterioration of the film caused by the specific fungi was not observed, whit confirms the durability effect of the treatment. The protection mechanism is related to the water repellency and the blocking of the substrate.
{"title":"Antifungal coating for wood protection","authors":"Guadalupe Canosa, C. Giúdice, P. V. Alfieri","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1167","url":null,"abstract":"Antifungal hydro-repellent coatings were formulated for Pinus ponderosa panels’ protection. The fomulated coatings were based on a hydroxylated acrylic resin chemically modified with n-octyltriethoxysilane (R8), n-octadecyltriethoxysilane (R18), and some mixtures of them as hybrid film-forming material. Diatomaceous silica was used as a pigment. The share of silane was 20% higher than the stoichiometric ratio to allow its interaction with cellulose hydroxyl groups (-OH). Results indicated that the best antifungal efficiency was reached with coating formulated with 70R8/30R18 ratio due to the chemical reaction of cellulose hydroxyl groups (causing its blocking) and the physical barrier created by the degree of compaction of the film itself. Moreover, Biodeterioration of the film caused by the specific fungi was not observed, whit confirms the durability effect of the treatment. The protection mechanism is related to the water repellency and the blocking of the substrate.","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The oil and gas industry primarily relies on pipelines to transport crude and refined petroleum, so transportation of crude oil is mostly handled by pipelines. In view of this, it is impossible to prevent the pipeline surfaces from being continuously exposed to corrosion sources, such as contaminants that contain traces of chromate and sulfur, which can cause corrosion to occur on the pipeline surfaces. It is known that corrosion inhibitors are chemicals that are used in low concentrations for the purpose of reducing or preventing corrosion. The effectiveness of an inhibitor is determined by its ability to react with a metal's surface and produce a protective coating that reduces or prevents corrosion by reacting with the metal's surface. A review of corrosion mechanisms in oil pipelines is presented in this article, along with a description of how corrosion inhibitors can be selected according to the corrosion mechanisms in oil pipelines.
{"title":"Effect of corrosion inhibitors on internal corrosion in oil pipelines: a brief review","authors":"Esraa Razaq, S. A. Abdulsada","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1161","url":null,"abstract":"The oil and gas industry primarily relies on pipelines to transport crude and refined petroleum, so transportation of crude oil is mostly handled by pipelines. In view of this, it is impossible to prevent the pipeline surfaces from being continuously exposed to corrosion sources, such as contaminants that contain traces of chromate and sulfur, which can cause corrosion to occur on the pipeline surfaces. It is known that corrosion inhibitors are chemicals that are used in low concentrations for the purpose of reducing or preventing corrosion. The effectiveness of an inhibitor is determined by its ability to react with a metal's surface and produce a protective coating that reduces or prevents corrosion by reacting with the metal's surface. A review of corrosion mechanisms in oil pipelines is presented in this article, along with a description of how corrosion inhibitors can be selected according to the corrosion mechanisms in oil pipelines.","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141824970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A number of works have experimentally shown the significant influence of mechanical stretching on the electrically conductive properties of composite polymer materials. Thus, stretching polymer composite films and filaments can lead to deterioration in electrical conductivity properties which can significantly affect the characteristics of products made from such materials. The research conducted in this study focuses on simulation the impact of anisotropic particle orientation within a polymer matrix and mechanical stretching on the electrical properties of composite materials. Based on the Boltzmann statistics, an expression was obtained that allows predicting the change in electrical conductivity during the stretching of polymer composite samples. The Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the destruction of a percolation chain of conductive particles during stretching.
{"title":"Examining the impact of anisotropic particle orientation in a polymer matrix on the electrical properties of composite materials","authors":"Anna Stepashkina, Khurram Shehzad","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1110","url":null,"abstract":"A number of works have experimentally shown the significant influence of mechanical stretching on the electrically conductive properties of composite polymer materials. Thus, stretching polymer composite films and filaments can lead to deterioration in electrical conductivity properties which can significantly affect the characteristics of products made from such materials. The research conducted in this study focuses on simulation the impact of anisotropic particle orientation within a polymer matrix and mechanical stretching on the electrical properties of composite materials. Based on the Boltzmann statistics, an expression was obtained that allows predicting the change in electrical conductivity during the stretching of polymer composite samples. The Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the destruction of a percolation chain of conductive particles during stretching.","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Etuk Sunday Edet, Robert Ubong Williams, O. Agbasi, Inyang Namdie Joseph
Rice husk is usually generated as waste in large quantities but yet to be optimally utilized. Due to the pollution effects associated with poor approach prevalently adopted for its disposal, valorizing it into economical and sustainable material for building construction is a necessary option to provide solution for future generation. In this research, separate dry mortars were prepared using cement grades 32.5R and 42.5N and the influence of rice husk ash (RHA) inclusion on their electrical characteristics was investigated. The materials used were batched by volume and the RHA was utilized as a partial substitute for cement at 10 % level. All the samples were cured for 21 days and then allowed to dry completely prior to the tests implementation. The results showed decrease in electrical resistance with temperature (ranging from 20oC to 50oC) due to incorporation of the RHA. Though samples with the RHA content possessed ability to act as smart mortars for temperature monitoring/sensing, utilization of cement grade 42.5N ensured a better performance. By utilizing rice husks in such undertakings, their associated disposal problems could be tackled and construction of inexpensive but sustainable building with large temperature sensing capability could be enhanced.
{"title":"Influence of rice husk ash inclusion on electrical characteristics of dry cement mortar","authors":"Etuk Sunday Edet, Robert Ubong Williams, O. Agbasi, Inyang Namdie Joseph","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1051","url":null,"abstract":"Rice husk is usually generated as waste in large quantities but yet to be optimally utilized. Due to the pollution effects associated with poor approach prevalently adopted for its disposal, valorizing it into economical and sustainable material for building construction is a necessary option to provide solution for future generation. In this research, separate dry mortars were prepared using cement grades 32.5R and 42.5N and the influence of rice husk ash (RHA) inclusion on their electrical characteristics was investigated. The materials used were batched by volume and the RHA was utilized as a partial substitute for cement at 10 % level. All the samples were cured for 21 days and then allowed to dry completely prior to the tests implementation. The results showed decrease in electrical resistance with temperature (ranging from 20oC to 50oC) due to incorporation of the RHA. Though samples with the RHA content possessed ability to act as smart mortars for temperature monitoring/sensing, utilization of cement grade 42.5N ensured a better performance. By utilizing rice husks in such undertakings, their associated disposal problems could be tackled and construction of inexpensive but sustainable building with large temperature sensing capability could be enhanced.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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