Sarap Krishnaprasad, Mohammed Shareefuddin, Siddey Laxmi Srinivasa Rao, Ramadevudu Gokarakonda
Glass samples 10RO-30ZnO-xLi2B4O7-(60-x) K2B4O7 (RO=SrO and BaO) with alkali tetra borates varying from 0 to 60 mol% were produced by traditional quenching procedure. Peak free broad X-ray diffraction patterns established the amorphous feature of glass samples. FTIR and Raman spectroscopic analysis had shown existence of BO3 and BO4 structural groups along with other borate units. The BO3 ⇔ BO4 conversion rate was not much affected with variation in one of the alkali-tetraborates. EPR spectra of copper doped glasses confirmed the ground state of Cu2+ ions as 2B1g. Physical and optical properties namely density, molar volume, refractive index, molar refractivity, optical band gap and Urbach energy values were found to be composition dependent. The inflections observed in density, and other optical properties around equal mol% of alkali oxides in the glass system were attributed to structural modifications and mixed alkali effect. These results exposed the structural variations caused due to competitiveness between the two different alkali and alkaline oxides in occupying the geometrical positions of the borate glass network.
{"title":"Structural investigation and physical properties of RO-ZnO-Li2B4O7-K2B4O7 (RO= SrO and BaO) glasses","authors":"Sarap Krishnaprasad, Mohammed Shareefuddin, Siddey Laxmi Srinivasa Rao, Ramadevudu Gokarakonda","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1147","url":null,"abstract":"Glass samples 10RO-30ZnO-xLi2B4O7-(60-x) K2B4O7 (RO=SrO and BaO) with alkali tetra borates varying from 0 to 60 mol% were produced by traditional quenching procedure. Peak free broad X-ray diffraction patterns established the amorphous feature of glass samples. FTIR and Raman spectroscopic analysis had shown existence of BO3 and BO4 structural groups along with other borate units. The BO3 ⇔ BO4 conversion rate was not much affected with variation in one of the alkali-tetraborates. EPR spectra of copper doped glasses confirmed the ground state of Cu2+ ions as 2B1g. Physical and optical properties namely density, molar volume, refractive index, molar refractivity, optical band gap and Urbach energy values were found to be composition dependent. The inflections observed in density, and other optical properties around equal mol% of alkali oxides in the glass system were attributed to structural modifications and mixed alkali effect. These results exposed the structural variations caused due to competitiveness between the two different alkali and alkaline oxides in occupying the geometrical positions of the borate glass network.","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":"69 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141651490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The requirement for wastewater treatment is paramount in ensuring environmental sustainability and safeguarding public health. As industrialization and urbanization accelerate, the volume of wastewater generated continues to increase, containing a diverse range of pollutants and contaminants. Untreated wastewater poses serious threats to ecosystems, water bodies, and human communities, leading to pollution, waterborne diseases, and ecological imbalances. Effective wastewater treatment becomes essential to mitigate these adverse effects by removing or reducing pollutants before discharge into natural water sources. This process helps to preserve water quality, protect aquatic life, and maintain the overall health of ecosystems. Membrane distillation (MD) has emerged as a promising technology for wastewater treatment, offering an innovative approach to address the challenges associated with conventional treatment methods. In MD, a hydrophobic membrane serves as a selective barrier, allowing water vapor to pass through while preventing the passage of contaminants. This paper offers an extensive overview of the latest advancements in nanotechnology and membrane distillation applied in wastewater treatment. We will delve into different types of nanomaterials that have been used to enhance the properties of MD membranes, such as nanocomposites, nanoparticles, and nanofiber membranes. We also explore the mechanisms by which these nanomaterials improve the separation efficiency, anti-fouling properties, and durability of MD membranes. Additionally, we highlight the potential of hybrid membranes that combine different types of nanomaterials for further improving the performance of MD in wastewater treatment. We provide examples of recent studies that have investigated the use of hybrid membranes, including carbon nanotube-graphene oxide hybrid membranes, nanocomposite nanofiber membranes, and silver nanoparticle-embedded membranes. We also identify some areas for future research and development, such as the scale-up and commercialization of nanotechnology-based MD systems. In summary, this review paper highlights the potential of nanotechnology to enhance the performance of MD in wastewater treatment, leading to improved water quality and a cleaner environment.
{"title":"Investigations of nanomaterial-based membranes for efficient removal of contaminants from wastewater via membrane distillation: a critical review","authors":"Rashmi Kakkar, Dilraj Preet Kaur, S. Raj","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1077","url":null,"abstract":"The requirement for wastewater treatment is paramount in ensuring environmental sustainability and safeguarding public health. As industrialization and urbanization accelerate, the volume of wastewater generated continues to increase, containing a diverse range of pollutants and contaminants. Untreated wastewater poses serious threats to ecosystems, water bodies, and human communities, leading to pollution, waterborne diseases, and ecological imbalances. Effective wastewater treatment becomes essential to mitigate these adverse effects by removing or reducing pollutants before discharge into natural water sources. This process helps to preserve water quality, protect aquatic life, and maintain the overall health of ecosystems. Membrane distillation (MD) has emerged as a promising technology for wastewater treatment, offering an innovative approach to address the challenges associated with conventional treatment methods. In MD, a hydrophobic membrane serves as a selective barrier, allowing water vapor to pass through while preventing the passage of contaminants. This paper offers an extensive overview of the latest advancements in nanotechnology and membrane distillation applied in wastewater treatment. We will delve into different types of nanomaterials that have been used to enhance the properties of MD membranes, such as nanocomposites, nanoparticles, and nanofiber membranes. We also explore the mechanisms by which these nanomaterials improve the separation efficiency, anti-fouling properties, and durability of MD membranes. Additionally, we highlight the potential of hybrid membranes that combine different types of nanomaterials for further improving the performance of MD in wastewater treatment. We provide examples of recent studies that have investigated the use of hybrid membranes, including carbon nanotube-graphene oxide hybrid membranes, nanocomposite nanofiber membranes, and silver nanoparticle-embedded membranes. We also identify some areas for future research and development, such as the scale-up and commercialization of nanotechnology-based MD systems. In summary, this review paper highlights the potential of nanotechnology to enhance the performance of MD in wastewater treatment, leading to improved water quality and a cleaner environment.","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":"60 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141651995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sushant Kumar, Manoj K. Singh, M. Yahya, I. S. Noor, Pramod K. Singh
The present work is focused on the synthesis and detailed study of biopolymer phytagel and ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide (EMIm[TCM]) blended polymer electrolyte films for energy applications. Here, biopolymer phytagel-based polymeric films are synthesized with different concentrations of ionic liquid (EMIm[TCM]) using the solution cast technique. The synthesized films are characterized for their structural, electrochemical, and dielectric properties using different characterization tools i.e., XRD, FTIR, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, Linear Sweep Voltammetry, and Wagnor polarization technique. The film with 30wt% EMIm[TCM] shows a maximum conductivity of 3.64 × 10-4 S cm-1 and an electrochemical stability window of 3.1 V. The dielectric properties such as dielectric constant (κ), dielectric loss tangent (tanδ), relaxation time, and frequency are also studied for the prepared pure phytagel and phytagel/EMIm[TCM] polymeric films.
本研究的重点是合成和详细研究用于能源应用的生物聚合物植物凝胶和离子液体 1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓三氰基甲烷（EMIm[TCM]）混合聚合物电解质薄膜。本文采用溶液浇注技术合成了基于生物聚合物植物凝胶的聚合物薄膜，并加入了不同浓度的离子液体（EMIm[TCM]）。使用不同的表征工具（即 XRD、傅立叶变换红外光谱、电化学阻抗光谱、线性扫描伏安法和瓦格纳极化技术）对合成薄膜的结构、电化学和介电特性进行了表征。含 30wt% EMIm[TCM] 的薄膜显示出 3.64 × 10-4 S cm-1 的最大电导率和 3.1 V 的电化学稳定性窗口。此外，还研究了所制备的纯植物凝胶和植物凝胶/EMIm[TCM] 聚合物薄膜的介电性能，如介电常数（κ）、介电损耗正切（tanδ）、弛豫时间和频率。
{"title":"Structural, electrochemical, and dielectric studies of phytagel and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide-based bio-polymer electrolytes","authors":"Sushant Kumar, Manoj K. Singh, M. Yahya, I. S. Noor, Pramod K. Singh","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1050","url":null,"abstract":"The present work is focused on the synthesis and detailed study of biopolymer phytagel and ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide (EMIm[TCM]) blended polymer electrolyte films for energy applications. Here, biopolymer phytagel-based polymeric films are synthesized with different concentrations of ionic liquid (EMIm[TCM]) using the solution cast technique. The synthesized films are characterized for their structural, electrochemical, and dielectric properties using different characterization tools i.e., XRD, FTIR, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, Linear Sweep Voltammetry, and Wagnor polarization technique. The film with 30wt% EMIm[TCM] shows a maximum conductivity of 3.64 × 10-4 S cm-1 and an electrochemical stability window of 3.1 V. The dielectric properties such as dielectric constant (κ), dielectric loss tangent (tanδ), relaxation time, and frequency are also studied for the prepared pure phytagel and phytagel/EMIm[TCM] polymeric films.","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":"89 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this investigation, nanoparticles such as ZnO, Fe doped ZnO and Co doped ZnO NPs prepared by the co-precipitation method were tested against the pathogenic yeast. The spectroscopic analyses were carried out to identify the morphological and chemical composition of the synthesized nanoparticles. The results of XRD analysis revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles were crystalline in nature with average size ranges between 32 – 34 nm approximately. EDX and SEM analysis were carried out to identify the element composition (Co, Fe and Zn) and spherical shape of nanoparticles. The functional group that is responsible for the capping and stability of nanoparticles was confirmed by FTIR analysis, to compare the antifungal efficiency of ZnO, Fe doped ZnO and Co doped ZnO from the resultant zone of inhibition.
{"title":"Synergistic effect of Fe and Co doped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using Alpinia galanga against Candida parasilopsis","authors":"Narendhran Sadhasivam","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1131","url":null,"abstract":"In this investigation, nanoparticles such as ZnO, Fe doped ZnO and Co doped ZnO NPs prepared by the co-precipitation method were tested against the pathogenic yeast. The spectroscopic analyses were carried out to identify the morphological and chemical composition of the synthesized nanoparticles. The results of XRD analysis revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles were crystalline in nature with average size ranges between 32 – 34 nm approximately. EDX and SEM analysis were carried out to identify the element composition (Co, Fe and Zn) and spherical shape of nanoparticles. The functional group that is responsible for the capping and stability of nanoparticles was confirmed by FTIR analysis, to compare the antifungal efficiency of ZnO, Fe doped ZnO and Co doped ZnO from the resultant zone of inhibition.","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141337396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ndukwe, Chukwuma Daniel Okolo, Benjamin Uchenna Nwadirichi
This study reviewed previous studies between the years 2015 and 2021 on how ceramic materials degraded in the presence of molten salt environments. The processes of corrosion resistance of various ceramic compositions subjected to various molten salt compositions and temperatures were also scrutinized. The results offer important new insights into the variables affecting ceramics' corrosion behaviour and the production of corrosion products. The reported result reveals that the ceramic material with the composition (Sm0.5Sc0.5)2Zr2O7 performed better than that of Sm2Zr2O7 in terms of hot corrosion resistance in molten salt (V2O5 + Na2SO4). It has also been reported that corrosion behaviour is influenced by particle size. Notably, zirconia (n-YSZ) with nanoscale grain sizes was more susceptible to hot corrosion, which was explained by increased specific surface areas. On the other hand, sintering and additives have been found to enhance corrosion resistance. The Y-Y2Si2O7 ceramic's resistance to corrosion in (V2O5 + Na2SO4) molten salt was enhanced by the addition of alumina. The results of these investigations help us understand how corrosion works and what influences ceramic materials' susceptibility to deterioration in molten salt media. This information can direct the creation of more corrosive-resistant ceramic materials for use in high-temperature environments or molten salt-based energy systems, among other corrosive uses.
{"title":"Overview of corrosion behaviour of ceramic materials in molten salt environments","authors":"A. Ndukwe, Chukwuma Daniel Okolo, Benjamin Uchenna Nwadirichi","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1128","url":null,"abstract":"This study reviewed previous studies between the years 2015 and 2021 on how ceramic materials degraded in the presence of molten salt environments. The processes of corrosion resistance of various ceramic compositions subjected to various molten salt compositions and temperatures were also scrutinized. The results offer important new insights into the variables affecting ceramics' corrosion behaviour and the production of corrosion products. The reported result reveals that the ceramic material with the composition (Sm0.5Sc0.5)2Zr2O7 performed better than that of Sm2Zr2O7 in terms of hot corrosion resistance in molten salt (V2O5 + Na2SO4). It has also been reported that corrosion behaviour is influenced by particle size. Notably, zirconia (n-YSZ) with nanoscale grain sizes was more susceptible to hot corrosion, which was explained by increased specific surface areas. On the other hand, sintering and additives have been found to enhance corrosion resistance. The Y-Y2Si2O7 ceramic's resistance to corrosion in (V2O5 + Na2SO4) molten salt was enhanced by the addition of alumina. The results of these investigations help us understand how corrosion works and what influences ceramic materials' susceptibility to deterioration in molten salt media. This information can direct the creation of more corrosive-resistant ceramic materials for use in high-temperature environments or molten salt-based energy systems, among other corrosive uses.","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141336923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rajasundaravadivel Jeya Prakash, Balu Soundara, Singaram Christian Johnson
The massive development of the construction industry demands sustainability, and the studies on No Fines Concrete (NFC) will support sustainable development in the field of transportation and highway industry. It is the key requirement of all developing countries like India in order to satisfy three main criteria namely sustainability, serviceability and feasibility in addition to its performance. Application of NFC pavement is itself a sustainable method to manage and discharge the retaining stormwater during heavy floods. Fibre Reinforced No Fine Concrete (FRNFC) was considered, with findings suggesting that the inclusion of fibres has minimal impact on strength characteristics and only marginally reduces the permeability of NFC. However, NFC pavements require regular maintenance to prevent clogging of pores with dust, sediments, and debris, which impairs water flow. A 2 m x 2 m span real-time FRNFC pavement was cast and subsequently subjected to assessment of its serviceability performance. The study examines the performance of FRNFC under clogging and suggests rehabilitation methods to reinstate infiltration capacity. Pressure wash combined with vacuum sweep shows the highest Drainage Efficiency Restoration (DER), maintaining drain ability from 99% to 90% after 12 cycles. Routine pressure wash monthly and vacuum sweep yearly are recommended for proper pavement serviceability and effective stormwater runoff mitigation.
{"title":"Serviceability Performance of Fibre Reinforced No Fine Concrete Pavement","authors":"Rajasundaravadivel Jeya Prakash, Balu Soundara, Singaram Christian Johnson","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1044","url":null,"abstract":"The massive development of the construction industry demands sustainability, and the studies on No Fines Concrete (NFC) will support sustainable development in the field of transportation and highway industry. It is the key requirement of all developing countries like India in order to satisfy three main criteria namely sustainability, serviceability and feasibility in addition to its performance. Application of NFC pavement is itself a sustainable method to manage and discharge the retaining stormwater during heavy floods. Fibre Reinforced No Fine Concrete (FRNFC) was considered, with findings suggesting that the inclusion of fibres has minimal impact on strength characteristics and only marginally reduces the permeability of NFC. However, NFC pavements require regular maintenance to prevent clogging of pores with dust, sediments, and debris, which impairs water flow. A 2 m x 2 m span real-time FRNFC pavement was cast and subsequently subjected to assessment of its serviceability performance. The study examines the performance of FRNFC under clogging and suggests rehabilitation methods to reinstate infiltration capacity. Pressure wash combined with vacuum sweep shows the highest Drainage Efficiency Restoration (DER), maintaining drain ability from 99% to 90% after 12 cycles. Routine pressure wash monthly and vacuum sweep yearly are recommended for proper pavement serviceability and effective stormwater runoff mitigation.","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141336335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study explored the deposition of amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC) thin films on Si (100) and glass substrates using RF-magnetron sputtering. The sputtering power is changed from 100 to 250 W to study its influence on the characteristics of a-SiC thin films. Raman spectroscopy reveals the formation of a-SiC as well as carbon clusters. The film deposited at 100 W clearly shows the presence of both transverse optical (TO) and longitudinal optical (LO) phonon modes. The average roughness of the a-SiC films found to follow an increasing trend with increase in the sputtering power. The optical band gap of the a-SiC films measured by UV-Visible spectrophotometer was found to increase up to 2.45 eV with decrease in sputtering power. All a-SiC thin films were highly transparent. The Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy results were in agreement with the data observed by UV-Visible spectroscopy
{"title":"Studies of structural and optical properties of sputtered SiC thin films","authors":"Mukesh Kumar Mukesh Kumar","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1143","url":null,"abstract":"The present study explored the deposition of amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC) thin films on Si (100) and glass substrates using RF-magnetron sputtering. The sputtering power is changed from 100 to 250 W to study its influence on the characteristics of a-SiC thin films. Raman spectroscopy reveals the formation of a-SiC as well as carbon clusters. The film deposited at 100 W clearly shows the presence of both transverse optical (TO) and longitudinal optical (LO) phonon modes. The average roughness of the a-SiC films found to follow an increasing trend with increase in the sputtering power. The optical band gap of the a-SiC films measured by UV-Visible spectrophotometer was found to increase up to 2.45 eV with decrease in sputtering power. All a-SiC thin films were highly transparent. The Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy results were in agreement with the data observed by UV-Visible spectroscopy","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":"90 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141337761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naima Hadjadj, B. Mebarek, Y. El Guerri, Mourad Keddam
The aim of this work is to apply three models to simulate the boron diffusion in AISI 316 steel, with an approach based on classical mass balance equations, the Dybkov model and the integral method. From the numerical solutions of both models, the predicted values of thickness have been compared to the experimental results. In addition, in order to improve the predictability of the two models, it is necessary to find precise measurements on the diffusion of boron in each phase. The comparison of experimental and theoretical results allows us to confirm the validity of both models. After validation, the root mean square error and the diffusion coefficient were calculated to achieve good performance and better accuracy. The comparison of the results from the two simulation models with confronted with the experimental data to verify the validity of this theoretical study. Finally, the comparison of the derived results gave the values of the root mean square error equal to 1.6μm for Fe2B and 0.75μm for FeB.
{"title":"Dybkov model for the estimation of boron diffusion in the FeB/Fe2B bilayer on AISI 316 steel","authors":"Naima Hadjadj, B. Mebarek, Y. El Guerri, Mourad Keddam","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1125","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to apply three models to simulate the boron diffusion in AISI 316 steel, with an approach based on classical mass balance equations, the Dybkov model and the integral method. From the numerical solutions of both models, the predicted values of thickness have been compared to the experimental results. In addition, in order to improve the predictability of the two models, it is necessary to find precise measurements on the diffusion of boron in each phase. The comparison of experimental and theoretical results allows us to confirm the validity of both models. After validation, the root mean square error and the diffusion coefficient were calculated to achieve good performance and better accuracy. The comparison of the results from the two simulation models with confronted with the experimental data to verify the validity of this theoretical study. Finally, the comparison of the derived results gave the values of the root mean square error equal to 1.6μm for Fe2B and 0.75μm for FeB.","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141337254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdel Hafiz A. Ali, Seddik S. Waheed, Salah M. Rabia, Nouby M. Ghazaly
The co-pyrolysis process between biomass and solid waste especially plastics has attracted significant attention in research studies as a means to enhance both the quantity and quality of bio-oil derived from biomass decomposition. In this research paper, the PS/SD co-pyrolysis was carried out for six different concentrations ranging from 0% to 100%, with increments of 20% PS, inside a small laboratory reactor at 450 C and a heating rate (HR) of 20.5 oC min-1. Results showed that an increase in the proportion of PS in the blend resulted in a higher bio-oil outcome. The highest bio-oil yield was recorded at the 80PSSD blend, indicating that co-pyrolysis had a positive effect on oil production in all mixtures. The most significant positive impact was observed at the 20PSSD blend, reaching [+11.54]. Conversely, gas production showed a negative effect, with gas quantities lower than expected for all mixtures, and the most significant negative impact was at 20PSSD, with a decrease of [-11.8]. As for char outcome, there was a minimal increase in its quantity, with the highest positive impact of charcoal observed at 80PSSD, reaching [+3.44]. Consequently, it can be observed that the quantity of char produced is not significantly affected by the co-blending process.
{"title":"Assessment of the effect of mixing polystyrene (PS) with sawdust (SD) on copyrolysis products","authors":"Abdel Hafiz A. Ali, Seddik S. Waheed, Salah M. Rabia, Nouby M. Ghazaly","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1124","url":null,"abstract":"The co-pyrolysis process between biomass and solid waste especially plastics has attracted significant attention in research studies as a means to enhance both the quantity and quality of bio-oil derived from biomass decomposition. In this research paper, the PS/SD co-pyrolysis was carried out for six different concentrations ranging from 0% to 100%, with increments of 20% PS, inside a small laboratory reactor at 450 C and a heating rate (HR) of 20.5 oC min-1. Results showed that an increase in the proportion of PS in the blend resulted in a higher bio-oil outcome. The highest bio-oil yield was recorded at the 80PSSD blend, indicating that co-pyrolysis had a positive effect on oil production in all mixtures. The most significant positive impact was observed at the 20PSSD blend, reaching [+11.54]. Conversely, gas production showed a negative effect, with gas quantities lower than expected for all mixtures, and the most significant negative impact was at 20PSSD, with a decrease of [-11.8]. As for char outcome, there was a minimal increase in its quantity, with the highest positive impact of charcoal observed at 80PSSD, reaching [+3.44]. Consequently, it can be observed that the quantity of char produced is not significantly affected by the co-blending process.","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141337533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abd El-Aziz S. Fouda, I. El-Hallag, A. El‐Barbary, Fatma M. El Salamony
3-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-6(7H)-one (CTT) was synthesized and evaluated as corrosion inhibitor for copper in one molar HNO3. The adsorption properties for the synthesized CTT were determined by experimental and theoretical methods in acid environment. The chemical method such as mass loss method (ML), DC potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and AC impedance (EIS) techniques were utilized to determine the inhibitive behavior of CTT. Outcome data obtained from these methods displayed that with increasing the concentration of CTT its inhibition efficiencies (%IE) increases and reached 91.5% at 24x10-6 M , 25oC using EIS technique. The presence of CTT reduces the capacity of the double layer (Cdl) and improves the charge transfer resistance (Rct) in a solution of one molar nitric acid. CTT is a mixed-type inhibitor from the data obtained from the polarization curves. The attained data indicated that CTT was physically adsorbed onto the Cu surface in accordance for the Langmuir adsorption. The surface protection examination was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and atomic force microscope (AFM). Also, The quantum chemical parameters of CTT were computed and discussed. The results of several methods are in agreement with each other.
{"title":"Electrochemical and theoretical evaluations of 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-5H-[1, 2, 4] triazolo [3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-6(7H)-one as corrosion inhibitor for copper in nitric acid environment","authors":"Abd El-Aziz S. Fouda, I. El-Hallag, A. El‐Barbary, Fatma M. El Salamony","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1150","url":null,"abstract":"3-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-6(7H)-one (CTT) was synthesized and evaluated as corrosion inhibitor for copper in one molar HNO3. The adsorption properties for the synthesized CTT were determined by experimental and theoretical methods in acid environment. The chemical method such as mass loss method (ML), DC potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and AC impedance (EIS) techniques were utilized to determine the inhibitive behavior of CTT. Outcome data obtained from these methods displayed that with increasing the concentration of CTT its inhibition efficiencies (%IE) increases and reached 91.5% at 24x10-6 M , 25oC using EIS technique. The presence of CTT reduces the capacity of the double layer (Cdl) and improves the charge transfer resistance (Rct) in a solution of one molar nitric acid. CTT is a mixed-type inhibitor from the data obtained from the polarization curves. The attained data indicated that CTT was physically adsorbed onto the Cu surface in accordance for the Langmuir adsorption. The surface protection examination was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and atomic force microscope (AFM). Also, The quantum chemical parameters of CTT were computed and discussed. The results of several methods are in agreement with each other.","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141337552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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