Priya Agarwal, Satya Prakash, Gaurav Saini, Ikhwan Syafiq Mohd Noor
Plastics have become ubiquitous in our lives. Due to the ever-increasing population, rapid urbanization, and industrial advancement, the use of plastics has increased manifold. These plastic materials often disintegrate into microplastics (MPs) which are less than 5mm in size. MPs mostly enter aquatic habitats through improper waste management, illegal dumping, and unavoidable and unintentional discharges that take place during construction, manufacturing, farming, domestic consumption, and recreational activities. This review centers on exploring the origin, occurrence, and possible adverse effects of MPs on human well-being. Of the 485 literature reviewed for the study between 2014- 2023, 105 were found to be related to the MPs which were spread over 10 themes. The maximum number of papers were on sources of MPs, followed by MPs in freshwater ecosystems and waste management. The least number of literature was from the themes, transport of MPs and MPs in the soil environment. The literature was published mostly in China, India, Europe, and the Americas. Other countries like Australia, Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East contribute very little. The literature scan reveals that only 9% of all the generated plastic waste material is recycled, 12% is burned, and 79% of plastic litter is dumped in landfills and oceans. The dumped plastic settles and pollutes a variety of environmental matrices. MPs are intentionally manufactured to be added to personal care products that are washed down the drains through sewage or industrial wastewater. These MPs vary in density and colour, subject to the polymer type, and are present in varying sizes and concentrations in aquatic environments. The characterization of MPs originating from different types of polymer materials, in the reviewed literature, was performed based on the data obtained from Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). MPs have the potential to absorb harmful hydrophobic pollutants from the surroundings resulting in an indirect transfer of contaminants into the food web. Such MPs enter and affect humans, causing problems with the reproductive system, body weight, sex ratio, and live births. MPs pose a serious threat to organisms when ingested since they can obstruct the digestive tract, leading to oxidative and pathological stress, slowing down growth, and interfering with reproduction. Apart from the above, a comprehensive analysis of MP pollution, as well as its effect on human beings and the environment, has been discussed in terms of source identification and abundance. Also, has been discussed is a detailed review of the existing waste material recycled into new materials or reused without alteration or degradation to produce new energy sources. In the end, integrated strategies have been proposed to prevent the input of
{"title":"Recent advances in research from plastic materials to microplastics","authors":"Priya Agarwal, Satya Prakash, Gaurav Saini, Ikhwan Syafiq Mohd Noor","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1176","url":null,"abstract":"Plastics have become ubiquitous in our lives. Due to the ever-increasing population, rapid urbanization, and industrial advancement, the use of plastics has increased manifold. These plastic materials often disintegrate into microplastics (MPs) which are less than 5mm in size. MPs mostly enter aquatic habitats through improper waste management, illegal dumping, and unavoidable and unintentional discharges that take place during construction, manufacturing, farming, domestic consumption, and recreational activities. This review centers on exploring the origin, occurrence, and possible adverse effects of MPs on human well-being. Of the 485 literature reviewed for the study between 2014- 2023, 105 were found to be related to the MPs which were spread over 10 themes. The maximum number of papers were on sources of MPs, followed by MPs in freshwater ecosystems and waste management. The least number of literature was from the themes, transport of MPs and MPs in the soil environment. The literature was published mostly in China, India, Europe, and the Americas. Other countries like Australia, Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East contribute very little. The literature scan reveals that only 9% of all the generated plastic waste material is recycled, 12% is burned, and 79% of plastic litter is dumped in landfills and oceans. The dumped plastic settles and pollutes a variety of environmental matrices. MPs are intentionally manufactured to be added to personal care products that are washed down the drains through sewage or industrial wastewater. These MPs vary in density and colour, subject to the polymer type, and are present in varying sizes and concentrations in aquatic environments. The characterization of MPs originating from different types of polymer materials, in the reviewed literature, was performed based on the data obtained from Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). MPs have the potential to absorb harmful hydrophobic pollutants from the surroundings resulting in an indirect transfer of contaminants into the food web. Such MPs enter and affect humans, causing problems with the reproductive system, body weight, sex ratio, and live births. MPs pose a serious threat to organisms when ingested since they can obstruct the digestive tract, leading to oxidative and pathological stress, slowing down growth, and interfering with reproduction. Apart from the above, a comprehensive analysis of MP pollution, as well as its effect on human beings and the environment, has been discussed in terms of source identification and abundance. Also, has been discussed is a detailed review of the existing waste material recycled into new materials or reused without alteration or degradation to produce new energy sources. In the end, integrated strategies have been proposed to prevent the input of ","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141824817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paulcy Rani Palayyan Raja Bai, Sivakala Sarojam, Anju Krishna Salimkumar Shailaja, Anu Mini Aravind, Xavier T. Suryabai
Perovskite oxides have attracted as promising electrode materials for supercapacitors because of their unique structure, compositional flexibility, and inherent oxygen vacancy. In the present work, LaMnO3(LMO) perovskites are synthesised by microwave assisted chemical coprecipitation and followed by calcination at 750 ˚ C. The crystal structure and the presence of functional groups in LaMnO3 were studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The surface morphology was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Electrochemical performance of LMO electrodes is evaluated in 3M KOH and 3M NaOH electrolytes. The specific capacitance of the LMO electrode in 3M NaOH and 3M KOH electrolyte were calculated to be 557.76F/g and 290.63F/g at scan rate of 5mV/s. The enhancement in the specific capacitance of the LMO electrode in 3M NaOH can be attributed to the effective charge storage mechanism.
{"title":"The electrochemical performance of perovskite LaMnO3","authors":"Paulcy Rani Palayyan Raja Bai, Sivakala Sarojam, Anju Krishna Salimkumar Shailaja, Anu Mini Aravind, Xavier T. Suryabai","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1175","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite oxides have attracted as promising electrode materials for supercapacitors because of their unique structure, compositional flexibility, and inherent oxygen vacancy. In the present work, LaMnO3(LMO) perovskites are synthesised by microwave assisted chemical coprecipitation and followed by calcination at 750 ˚ C. The crystal structure and the presence of functional groups in LaMnO3 were studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The surface morphology was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Electrochemical performance of LMO electrodes is evaluated in 3M KOH and 3M NaOH electrolytes. The specific capacitance of the LMO electrode in 3M NaOH and 3M KOH electrolyte were calculated to be 557.76F/g and 290.63F/g at scan rate of 5mV/s. The enhancement in the specific capacitance of the LMO electrode in 3M NaOH can be attributed to the effective charge storage mechanism.","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141824901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents the results of experimental studies of the influence of adhesive additives on the basic properties of modified bitumen and asphalt concrete mixtures based on it. The introduction of adhesive additives improves the basic properties of bitumen, which are necessary for obtaining high-quality asphalt concrete mixtures. Modification of bitumen increases adhesion to glass and crushed stone. Using methods of mathematical planning of experiments, experimental and statistical models of water saturation and compressive strength of asphalt concrete mixtures at temperatures of 20°C and 50°C were obtained. The introduction of modifying additives can significantly reduce the water saturation of asphalt concrete mixtures and increase strength at temperatures of 20 °C and 50 °C.
{"title":"Influence of adhesive additives on the properties of bitumen and asphalt mixtures","authors":"Leonid Dvorkin, Vitalii Marchuk, Mykola Kuzlo","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1170","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of experimental studies of the influence of adhesive additives on the basic properties of modified bitumen and asphalt concrete mixtures based on it. The introduction of adhesive additives improves the basic properties of bitumen, which are necessary for obtaining high-quality asphalt concrete mixtures. Modification of bitumen increases adhesion to glass and crushed stone. Using methods of mathematical planning of experiments, experimental and statistical models of water saturation and compressive strength of asphalt concrete mixtures at temperatures of 20°C and 50°C were obtained. The introduction of modifying additives can significantly reduce the water saturation of asphalt concrete mixtures and increase strength at temperatures of 20 °C and 50 °C.","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The application of low-cost, low-toxic corrosion inhibitors lowers the rate of corrosion of reinforced concrete in a salt-aqueous medium. The purpose of this work is to compare an innovative, supposedly environmentally benign inhibitor derived from fruit waste (pomegranate peels extract (PPE)) with sodium benzoate, an organic inhibitor. The inhibitors were introduced to the concrete mixture at quantities of two and four percent by weight of cement according to ACI standards. The maximum extraction yield in terms of entire phenolic content was obtained by using an aqueous solvent and the Soxlet technique. The efficiency of corrosion inhibitors in preventing corrosion was investigated using compressive strength and optical microscopy methods. PPE forms an organic layer made up of several components in a variety of salt environments, providing both a chemical antioxidant activity and a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor, most likely due to the polyphenol concentrations.
{"title":"Synergistic effect of inhibitors on corrosion of reinforced concrete structures according to American Concrete Institute standards","authors":"M. K. Tweek, S. A. Abdulsada","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1105","url":null,"abstract":"The application of low-cost, low-toxic corrosion inhibitors lowers the rate of corrosion of reinforced concrete in a salt-aqueous medium. The purpose of this work is to compare an innovative, supposedly environmentally benign inhibitor derived from fruit waste (pomegranate peels extract (PPE)) with sodium benzoate, an organic inhibitor. The inhibitors were introduced to the concrete mixture at quantities of two and four percent by weight of cement according to ACI standards. The maximum extraction yield in terms of entire phenolic content was obtained by using an aqueous solvent and the Soxlet technique. The efficiency of corrosion inhibitors in preventing corrosion was investigated using compressive strength and optical microscopy methods. PPE forms an organic layer made up of several components in a variety of salt environments, providing both a chemical antioxidant activity and a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor, most likely due to the polyphenol concentrations.","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this report, a known heteropolyacid salt (HPAs) cerium (Ⅲ) phosphotungstate was synthesized in a volume ratio of 2:1:2 with a molar ratio of 1:1:1 of each ingredient. These HPAs are further utilized in form of a catalyst to generate biodiesel through the esterification of variable carbon chain length alcohols (methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol) and stearic acid at different conditions of reaction. FTIR of the produced biodiesel was also done for the assurance of ester peaks in it. Analysis of some important biodiesel properties (density, dynamic viscosity, acid value, aniline point, boiling point, cloud and pour point, and flash and fire point) etc., to differentiate and validate the results. A large surface area of the catalyst i.e. 121.427 m2/g determined using the BET surface area analyser, supports the fact of outrageous catalytic action in the esterification reaction. The effect of additives was also studied on the properties of resultant biodiesel. The calorific value of the samples was measured at 7320 Kcal/kg without additive and 7512 Kcal/kg after adding toluene (as an additive) in the biodiesel generated in the study. The pour point temperature of the biodiesel with additives was observed even < 20℃.
{"title":"Cerium(III)phosphotungstate: an efficient catalyst in esterification of fatty acids","authors":"Sonia Yadav, Nadeem Sharma","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1067","url":null,"abstract":"In this report, a known heteropolyacid salt (HPAs) cerium (Ⅲ) phosphotungstate was synthesized in a volume ratio of 2:1:2 with a molar ratio of 1:1:1 of each ingredient. These HPAs are further utilized in form of a catalyst to generate biodiesel through the esterification of variable carbon chain length alcohols (methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol) and stearic acid at different conditions of reaction. FTIR of the produced biodiesel was also done for the assurance of ester peaks in it. Analysis of some important biodiesel properties (density, dynamic viscosity, acid value, aniline point, boiling point, cloud and pour point, and flash and fire point) etc., to differentiate and validate the results. A large surface area of the catalyst i.e. 121.427 m2/g determined using the BET surface area analyser, supports the fact of outrageous catalytic action in the esterification reaction. The effect of additives was also studied on the properties of resultant biodiesel. The calorific value of the samples was measured at 7320 Kcal/kg without additive and 7512 Kcal/kg after adding toluene (as an additive) in the biodiesel generated in the study. The pour point temperature of the biodiesel with additives was observed even < 20℃.","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nishant Kumar, Ikhwan Syafiq Mohd Noor, Muhd Zu Azhan Yahya, Satya Prakash
Various methodologies have emerged over the past few decades aimed at controlling and mitigating corrosion. A new field has emerged in controlling corrosion through the use of plant-based corrosion inhibitors. The exploration of botanical extracts’ efficacy marks a significant shift in corrosion science, tapping into the potential and utility offered by green plants. This comprehensive study serves as a review encompassing the spectrum of botanical extracts and their applications in diverse contexts concerning reinforced structures. This research critically assesses the correlation between phytochemical compositions, the methodologies employed in solvent extraction, and the adsorption mechanisms pivotal for enhancing the efficacy of plant extracts in corrosion inhibition. The primary objective lies in uncovering the role of inhibitors in safeguarding embedded steel within concrete structures while aiming to curtail corrosion rates. A focal point of this investigation revolves around the transition from employing toxic inhibitors to environmentally friendly botanical extracts for corrosion mitigation. Furthermore, this study accentuates the range of botanical extracts used as corrosion inhibitors shedding light on the specific phytochemical components responsible for driving the corrosion inhibition process. Notably, it expounds upon the future prospects of corrosion inhibitors, outlining the inherent challenges that must be addressed to facilitate their scalability for widespread commercial utilization.
{"title":"Botanical corrosion inhibitors in reinforced concrete: material sustainability assessment and analysis - a review","authors":"Nishant Kumar, Ikhwan Syafiq Mohd Noor, Muhd Zu Azhan Yahya, Satya Prakash","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1092","url":null,"abstract":"Various methodologies have emerged over the past few decades aimed at controlling and mitigating corrosion. A new field has emerged in controlling corrosion through the use of plant-based corrosion inhibitors. The exploration of botanical extracts’ efficacy marks a significant shift in corrosion science, tapping into the potential and utility offered by green plants. This comprehensive study serves as a review encompassing the spectrum of botanical extracts and their applications in diverse contexts concerning reinforced structures. This research critically assesses the correlation between phytochemical compositions, the methodologies employed in solvent extraction, and the adsorption mechanisms pivotal for enhancing the efficacy of plant extracts in corrosion inhibition. The primary objective lies in uncovering the role of inhibitors in safeguarding embedded steel within concrete structures while aiming to curtail corrosion rates. A focal point of this investigation revolves around the transition from employing toxic inhibitors to environmentally friendly botanical extracts for corrosion mitigation. Furthermore, this study accentuates the range of botanical extracts used as corrosion inhibitors shedding light on the specific phytochemical components responsible for driving the corrosion inhibition process. Notably, it expounds upon the future prospects of corrosion inhibitors, outlining the inherent challenges that must be addressed to facilitate their scalability for widespread commercial utilization.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141650416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Nyrkova, Vitaliy Knysh, Sergiy Solovey, S. Osadchuk
The influence of mechanical methods of surface treatment (polish and polish with the next strengthening by high-frequency mechanical pinning, HFMP) on the corrosion resistance of low-alloy steel 15HSND were presented. The deficiencies of surface strengthening by HFMP with one impact peen were analyzed, and an instrument in which shock elements are situated in a few rows was suggested. Speed of HFMP for the surfaces 35 sm2/min was recommended. The differences in structure and microhardness of near-surface layers of 15HSND steel with polished surface and the polished surface with next strengthening by HFMP were established after investigations in the salt frog chamber and moisture chamber during 1200 hours. Application of HFMP technology increases of corrosion resistance of steel: corrosion rate after neutral salt fog decreased from 2,543 mm/year on the polished surface to 2,096 mm/year after HFMP treatment, and after increased humidity and temperature, from 0,104 mm/year to 0,080 mm/year.
{"title":"Influence of different methods of surface treatment on corrosion resistance of low-alloy steel","authors":"L. Nyrkova, Vitaliy Knysh, Sergiy Solovey, S. Osadchuk","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1052","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of mechanical methods of surface treatment (polish and polish with the next strengthening by high-frequency mechanical pinning, HFMP) on the corrosion resistance of low-alloy steel 15HSND were presented. The deficiencies of surface strengthening by HFMP with one impact peen were analyzed, and an instrument in which shock elements are situated in a few rows was suggested. Speed of HFMP for the surfaces 35 sm2/min was recommended. The differences in structure and microhardness of near-surface layers of 15HSND steel with polished surface and the polished surface with next strengthening by HFMP were established after investigations in the salt frog chamber and moisture chamber during 1200 hours. Application of HFMP technology increases of corrosion resistance of steel: corrosion rate after neutral salt fog decreased from 2,543 mm/year on the polished surface to 2,096 mm/year after HFMP treatment, and after increased humidity and temperature, from 0,104 mm/year to 0,080 mm/year.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141650296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. R. P. R. Shalom, Vaishnavi Sreekala Kumari Gopakumar, A. M. Aravind, Xavier T. Suryabai
In this work, spinel NiMn2O4 was successfully synthesized through microwave assisted co-precipitation method and followed by calcination at 500°C. The crystal structure and the presence of functional groups in NiMn2O4 were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The surface morphology was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE SEM). From the BET analysis surface area and average pore diameter of the mesoporous NMO nanoparticles are calculated to be 10.513 m2g-1and 8.55nm. The electrochemical performance of material as electrode material for supercapacitor applications was analysed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The specific capacitance of the NMO electrode increased from 290.56 F/g to 751.57F/g with increase concentration from IM KOH to 6M KOH at scan rate of 5mV/s. These results indicate spinel NiMn2O4 as a promising candidate for high performance energy storage applications.
本研究通过微波辅助共沉淀法成功合成了尖晶石镍锰氧化物，随后在 500°C 煅烧。通过 X 射线衍射（XRD）和傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）对镍锰氧化物的晶体结构和官能团的存在进行了表征。场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE SEM）对表面形貌进行了检测。通过 BET 分析，计算出介孔 NMO 纳米粒子的表面积和平均孔径分别为 10.513 m2g-1 和 8.55nm。通过循环伏安法（CV）和电化学阻抗光谱法（EIS）分析了该材料作为超级电容器电极材料的电化学性能。在 5mV/s 的扫描速率下，随着浓度从 IM KOH 增加到 6M KOH，NMO 电极的比电容从 290.56 F/g 增加到 751.57F/g。这些结果表明尖晶石镍锰酸锂有望成为高性能储能应用的候选材料。
{"title":"Microwave assisted synthesis of NiMn2O4 as electrode material for supercapacitor applications","authors":"P. R. P. R. Shalom, Vaishnavi Sreekala Kumari Gopakumar, A. M. Aravind, Xavier T. Suryabai","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1059","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, spinel NiMn2O4 was successfully synthesized through microwave assisted co-precipitation method and followed by calcination at 500°C. The crystal structure and the presence of functional groups in NiMn2O4 were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The surface morphology was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE SEM). From the BET analysis surface area and average pore diameter of the mesoporous NMO nanoparticles are calculated to be 10.513 m2g-1and 8.55nm. The electrochemical performance of material as electrode material for supercapacitor applications was analysed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The specific capacitance of the NMO electrode increased from 290.56 F/g to 751.57F/g with increase concentration from IM KOH to 6M KOH at scan rate of 5mV/s. These results indicate spinel NiMn2O4 as a promising candidate for high performance energy storage applications.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141651810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Bayero, Nura Alhaji Yaro, Musa Ibrahim Mohammed, Pramod K Singh PK Singh, Bashir A. Muzakkari, U. M. Jibreel
The pyrolysis of waste tyres can recycle energy and produce reusable products (oil, char and gas). Although there are many reviews in the literature in regard to the pyrolysis characteristics of waste tyres, but this paper critically looked as pyrolysis char as one of the useful product. Its physical characteristics include pore diameter, pore volume, specific surface area, and composition. The common detection techniques of the physical characteristics include elemental analysis, proximate analysis, SEM, EDS, TGA, XRF, BET, and Raman spectroscopy. The chemical characteristics of tyre char mainly include calorific value, the surface functional groups (i.e phenols, alcohols, carboxylic acid and C-O/C-O-C chemical structures) which can be determined by FT-IR, XRD. The higher sulfur retention on the surface of tyre char is obtained at low temperature compared with that obtained at high temperature. Tyre char could also be directly used as a catalyst material to decrease the operational cost, and improve the quality of pyrolysis oil and gas. The modified tyre char with high specific surface area and lower ash content could be used as an activated carbon adsorbent material, catalyst and catalyst support, capacitor electrode to create higher commercial value, as an adsorbent, in batteries and so on. It is suggested that the recycling applications of tyre char should be developed, which can create a high level of potential economic prospects for the waste tyre pyrolysis industry.
{"title":"Pyrolysis char from waste tyres its characteristics, upgrading and application","authors":"A. Bayero, Nura Alhaji Yaro, Musa Ibrahim Mohammed, Pramod K Singh PK Singh, Bashir A. Muzakkari, U. M. Jibreel","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1046","url":null,"abstract":"The pyrolysis of waste tyres can recycle energy and produce reusable products (oil, char and gas). Although there are many reviews in the literature in regard to the pyrolysis characteristics of waste tyres, but this paper critically looked as pyrolysis char as one of the useful product. Its physical characteristics include pore diameter, pore volume, specific surface area, and composition. The common detection techniques of the physical characteristics include elemental analysis, proximate analysis, SEM, EDS, TGA, XRF, BET, and Raman spectroscopy. The chemical characteristics of tyre char mainly include calorific value, the surface functional groups (i.e phenols, alcohols, carboxylic acid and C-O/C-O-C chemical structures) which can be determined by FT-IR, XRD. The higher sulfur retention on the surface of tyre char is obtained at low temperature compared with that obtained at high temperature. Tyre char could also be directly used as a catalyst material to decrease the operational cost, and improve the quality of pyrolysis oil and gas. The modified tyre char with high specific surface area and lower ash content could be used as an activated carbon adsorbent material, catalyst and catalyst support, capacitor electrode to create higher commercial value, as an adsorbent, in batteries and so on. It is suggested that the recycling applications of tyre char should be developed, which can create a high level of potential economic prospects for the waste tyre pyrolysis industry.","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141651590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rawnaq B. Jima'a, Naser Shaalan, Muna S. Bufaroosha, Gamal A. El‐Hiti, B. Kariuki, D. Ahmed, Eamd Yousif
The continuous release of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere will inevitably lead to greater environmental damage. The capture and storage of CO2 is one strategy to mitigate the harm associated with its high concentrations in the atmosphere. The design and synthesis of new materials to act as storage media for CO2 is currently an important challenge for researchers. In this regard, the investigation into the synthesis of new organometallic materials and their potential as CO2 storage media is reported. Therefore, the current work aimed to produce new materials using a simple procedure and investigate their properties, including factors affecting their CO2 adsorption. Four metal complexes containing heterocyclic units were synthesized using a simple method, and their structures were confirmed using several techniques. The surface morphology of the materials was inspected by microscopy. The metal complexes exhibited tunable particle sizes with diameters that ranged from 16.77 to 97.62 nm and a Brunauer‒Emmett‒Teller surface area of 1.20–4.01 m2/g. The materials can capture CO2 at 323 K and 40 bars, with the manganese-containing complex showing the highest CO2 storage capacity (13.1 cm3/gm).
{"title":"Synthesis and properties of new metal complexes containing heterocyclic moieties and investigation of the role of the metal in carbon dioxide gas capture","authors":"Rawnaq B. Jima'a, Naser Shaalan, Muna S. Bufaroosha, Gamal A. El‐Hiti, B. Kariuki, D. Ahmed, Eamd Yousif","doi":"10.62638/zasmat1045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62638/zasmat1045","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous release of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere will inevitably lead to greater environmental damage. The capture and storage of CO2 is one strategy to mitigate the harm associated with its high concentrations in the atmosphere. The design and synthesis of new materials to act as storage media for CO2 is currently an important challenge for researchers. In this regard, the investigation into the synthesis of new organometallic materials and their potential as CO2 storage media is reported. Therefore, the current work aimed to produce new materials using a simple procedure and investigate their properties, including factors affecting their CO2 adsorption. Four metal complexes containing heterocyclic units were synthesized using a simple method, and their structures were confirmed using several techniques. The surface morphology of the materials was inspected by microscopy. The metal complexes exhibited tunable particle sizes with diameters that ranged from 16.77 to 97.62 nm and a Brunauer‒Emmett‒Teller surface area of 1.20–4.01 m2/g. The materials can capture CO2 at 323 K and 40 bars, with the manganese-containing complex showing the highest CO2 storage capacity (13.1 cm3/gm).","PeriodicalId":23842,"journal":{"name":"Zastita materijala","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141651349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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