Abstract:The mass incarceration of more than 120,000 Japanese Americans during World War II has usually been assessed in terms of devastating economic and property losses, racist profiling, and the abrogation of constitutional rights. However, survivors also claimed incarceration as an experience of individual and collective disablement. In a break from decorum, survivors testified about a range of mental and physical disabilities at the U.S. Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians Hearings (CWRIC) held across the United States in 1981. This article discusses how a grassroots redress movement for government restitution brought the experiences of disabled, chronically ill, and mad people into the Commission hearings. Informed by 1960s-1970s Asian American and Third World Women's movements, intergenerational redress organizing transmitted and amplified the subjugated knowledge of disabled survivors. These efforts to involve ordinary people in redress produced an unanticipated yet profound record of what I call carceral disability: the aggregate disabling effects of mass incarceration and state violence. I further deliberate on the unresolvable ambiguities and ongoing anticarceral legacies of the Redress Movement.
{"title":"\"The Potential That Was in All of Us\": Carceral Disability and the Japanese American Redress Movement","authors":"Adria L. Imada","doi":"10.1353/wsq.2023.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wsq.2023.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The mass incarceration of more than 120,000 Japanese Americans during World War II has usually been assessed in terms of devastating economic and property losses, racist profiling, and the abrogation of constitutional rights. However, survivors also claimed incarceration as an experience of individual and collective disablement. In a break from decorum, survivors testified about a range of mental and physical disabilities at the U.S. Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians Hearings (CWRIC) held across the United States in 1981. This article discusses how a grassroots redress movement for government restitution brought the experiences of disabled, chronically ill, and mad people into the Commission hearings. Informed by 1960s-1970s Asian American and Third World Women's movements, intergenerational redress organizing transmitted and amplified the subjugated knowledge of disabled survivors. These efforts to involve ordinary people in redress produced an unanticipated yet profound record of what I call carceral disability: the aggregate disabling effects of mass incarceration and state violence. I further deliberate on the unresolvable ambiguities and ongoing anticarceral legacies of the Redress Movement.","PeriodicalId":23857,"journal":{"name":"Wsq: Women's Studies Quarterly","volume":"227 1","pages":"21 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76625316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Federal and local campaigns to reform "distressed" high-rise public housing in the late twentieth century resulted in the elimination of thousands of public housing units from cities like Baltimore. Those reform campaigns often defined "distress" in cultural terms, imagining Black women residents as imperiled actors, public housing as an impediment to building normative family life, and housing demolition and privatization as a necessary and normalizing corrective. Oral histories with residents living in these disinvested spaces offer counternarratives and demonstrate how Black women residents theorized their own conditions, fashioned material political demands independent of policy makers and housing reformers, and worked to put these demands into practice. This piece reflects on the mutual aid organizing of two former residents of Baltimore's George B. Murphy Homes. Specifically, it analyzes the practical work they did to address the conditions that disinvestment produced, and the intellectual work they did to fashion a materialist vision for housing reform that pushed back against the drive toward demolition and privatization.
{"title":"\"We Wanted to Talk Plumbing\": Organizing and Mutual Aid in Baltimore's High-Rise Public Housing","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/wsq.2023.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wsq.2023.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Federal and local campaigns to reform \"distressed\" high-rise public housing in the late twentieth century resulted in the elimination of thousands of public housing units from cities like Baltimore. Those reform campaigns often defined \"distress\" in cultural terms, imagining Black women residents as imperiled actors, public housing as an impediment to building normative family life, and housing demolition and privatization as a necessary and normalizing corrective. Oral histories with residents living in these disinvested spaces offer counternarratives and demonstrate how Black women residents theorized their own conditions, fashioned material political demands independent of policy makers and housing reformers, and worked to put these demands into practice. This piece reflects on the mutual aid organizing of two former residents of Baltimore's George B. Murphy Homes. Specifically, it analyzes the practical work they did to address the conditions that disinvestment produced, and the intellectual work they did to fashion a materialist vision for housing reform that pushed back against the drive toward demolition and privatization.","PeriodicalId":23857,"journal":{"name":"Wsq: Women's Studies Quarterly","volume":"21 1","pages":"73 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72769750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Historians, sociologists, and critical urbanists have long argued race and racial discourse are critical cultural levers used to validate contemporary gentrification schemes in urban centers. Applying a Black feminist materialist analysis to the case study of the recent gentrification wave in Washington, DC, this article adds and deepens this literature, tracing the definitive role gender plays in facilitating displacement and affordable housing inequities in gentrifying urban centers.
{"title":"Gendering the Politics of Black Displacement","authors":"Rosemary Ndubuizu","doi":"10.1353/wsq.2023.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wsq.2023.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Historians, sociologists, and critical urbanists have long argued race and racial discourse are critical cultural levers used to validate contemporary gentrification schemes in urban centers. Applying a Black feminist materialist analysis to the case study of the recent gentrification wave in Washington, DC, this article adds and deepens this literature, tracing the definitive role gender plays in facilitating displacement and affordable housing inequities in gentrifying urban centers.","PeriodicalId":23857,"journal":{"name":"Wsq: Women's Studies Quarterly","volume":"161 1","pages":"169 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86215443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Political Education \"in the Belly of the Monster\": The Third World Women's Alliance's \"Tuesday Schedule\"","authors":"Vani Kannan","doi":"10.1353/wsq.2023.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wsq.2023.0012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23857,"journal":{"name":"Wsq: Women's Studies Quarterly","volume":"5 4","pages":"185 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72624215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article complicates understandings of Morales v. Turman, a class action lawsuit filed in 1971 on behalf of juveniles in six Texas Youth Council (TYC) institutions, as a victory for incarcerated youth. Drawing on Morales's substantial legal archives, this article highlights the ways the lawyers, social workers, psychologists, and psychiatrists who came together on behalf of incarcerated youth in this case understood the state's capacity to foster and enforce gender and sexual conformity as a social good. While they hoped to protect incarcerated children from state violence and to affirm their constitutional rights, these experts helped to embed a pathological conception of homosexuality and gender nonconformity into the broader legal battle for juvenile offenders' "right to treatment." In ushering in a treatment-focused juvenile justice regime, the expert witnesses who testified on behalf of the plaintiffs also helped to foster the TYC's turn away from traditional carceral institutions toward community-based residential facilities.
摘要:莫拉莱斯诉图尔曼案(Morales v. Turman)是一起发生在1971年的集体诉讼案，原告是德克萨斯州六所青年理事会(TYC)机构的青少年，该案被认为是狱中青少年的胜利。本文利用莫拉莱斯的大量法律档案，强调律师、社会工作者、心理学家和精神科医生在本案中代表被监禁的青少年，了解国家培育和执行性别和性一致性的能力，并将其视为一种社会利益。虽然他们希望保护被监禁的儿童免受国家暴力，并确认他们的宪法权利，但这些专家帮助将同性恋和性别不一致的病态概念嵌入到为少年犯“治疗权”而进行的更广泛的法律斗争中。在引入以治疗为重点的少年司法制度的过程中，代表原告作证的专家证人也帮助促进了少年司法中心从传统的拘留所转向以社区为基础的居住设施。
{"title":"Queering Morales v. Turman: Gender, Sexuality, and Juveniles' Right to Treatment","authors":"L. Gutterman","doi":"10.1353/wsq.2023.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wsq.2023.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article complicates understandings of Morales v. Turman, a class action lawsuit filed in 1971 on behalf of juveniles in six Texas Youth Council (TYC) institutions, as a victory for incarcerated youth. Drawing on Morales's substantial legal archives, this article highlights the ways the lawyers, social workers, psychologists, and psychiatrists who came together on behalf of incarcerated youth in this case understood the state's capacity to foster and enforce gender and sexual conformity as a social good. While they hoped to protect incarcerated children from state violence and to affirm their constitutional rights, these experts helped to embed a pathological conception of homosexuality and gender nonconformity into the broader legal battle for juvenile offenders' \"right to treatment.\" In ushering in a treatment-focused juvenile justice regime, the expert witnesses who testified on behalf of the plaintiffs also helped to foster the TYC's turn away from traditional carceral institutions toward community-based residential facilities.","PeriodicalId":23857,"journal":{"name":"Wsq: Women's Studies Quarterly","volume":"137 1","pages":"49 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72705539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:An introduction to my book project currently titled "Trans of Color Entrapments and Carceral Coalitions," this short essay demonstrates how mainstream protrans identity politics have become influenced by procarceral politics. This piece introduces the concept of carceral coalitions in order to spotlight how and when coalition-building might perform a cross-identity, multi-issue, multicultural politics while also reinforcing ongoing carceral agendas and carceral futures. The manuscript attends to how 1980s Los Angeles charted a new era in which minoritarian social movement and civil rights organizing under the banner of "antiviolence" became dutifully tracked into a vision of winnable goals by way of law and order, and the endless multiplications of anti-Black criminalization and punishment that have followed. With brief examples such as the 1985 Los Angeles–founded K6G (formerly K-11), considered the first official self-segregated gay and transgender jailing unit in the U.S., the essay demonstrates how state-based gender-responsive entrapments have only further carved out penal pathways as models for securing trans "safety," and how abolitionist feminist interventions might be possible in revisioning safety altogether.
{"title":"Trans of Color Entrapments and Carceral Coalitions","authors":"Ren-yo Hwang","doi":"10.1353/wsq.2023.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wsq.2023.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:An introduction to my book project currently titled \"Trans of Color Entrapments and Carceral Coalitions,\" this short essay demonstrates how mainstream protrans identity politics have become influenced by procarceral politics. This piece introduces the concept of carceral coalitions in order to spotlight how and when coalition-building might perform a cross-identity, multi-issue, multicultural politics while also reinforcing ongoing carceral agendas and carceral futures. The manuscript attends to how 1980s Los Angeles charted a new era in which minoritarian social movement and civil rights organizing under the banner of \"antiviolence\" became dutifully tracked into a vision of winnable goals by way of law and order, and the endless multiplications of anti-Black criminalization and punishment that have followed. With brief examples such as the 1985 Los Angeles–founded K6G (formerly K-11), considered the first official self-segregated gay and transgender jailing unit in the U.S., the essay demonstrates how state-based gender-responsive entrapments have only further carved out penal pathways as models for securing trans \"safety,\" and how abolitionist feminist interventions might be possible in revisioning safety altogether.","PeriodicalId":23857,"journal":{"name":"Wsq: Women's Studies Quarterly","volume":"40 1","pages":"141 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89789155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Do We Grow Grassroots Critiques of the State? A Close Reading of Triple Jeopardy from East Baltimore","authors":"Lenora R. Knowles","doi":"10.1353/wsq.2023.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wsq.2023.0013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23857,"journal":{"name":"Wsq: Women's Studies Quarterly","volume":"35 1","pages":"191 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84623245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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