Background: Women are susceptible to anxiety and depression during pregnancy, but the temporal patterns of these emotions across gestation remain unclear. It is also uncertain whether anxiety and depression during pregnancy exert time-lagged effects on postpartum depression.
Aim: To explore the dynamic trends of anxiety and depression at different stages of pregnancy and their time-lagged effects on postpartum depression, providing a reference for emotional management during and after pregnancy.
Methods: Data were collected from 572 women who underwent prenatal care and delivered at the Obstetrics Department of Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital between January 2024 and June 2025. The χ 2 test was used to assess psychologically changes from early to late pregnancy. Pearson partial correlation and cross-lagged modeling were used to examine temporal relationships between prenatal anxiety/depression and postpartum depression.
Results: Anxiety detection rates were 6.99% (40/572) in early pregnancy, 24.13% (138/572) in midpregnancy, and 16.96% (97/572) in late pregnancy, showing a significant fluctuation trend (χ 2 = 21.092, P < 0.001). Depression rates were 5.42% (31/572), 21.68% (124/572), 13.81% (79/572) and 16.08% (92/572) in early, mid, late pregnancy, and six weeks postpartum, respectively, also showing significant fluctuation trend (χ 2 = 13.619, P < 0.001). Pearson correlation revealed shows that anxiety and depression during early, middle, and late pregnancy were positively correlated (P < 0.001). From pregnancy to six weeks postpartum, anxiety and depression during pregnancy (early, middle, and late) correlated negatively with depression at six weeks postpartum (P < 0.001). Cross-lag modeling indicated that anxiety and depressive symptoms during pregnancy exerted significant time-lagged predictive effects on postpartum depression (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Anxiety and depression during pregnancy demonstrate dynamic evolution and both have time-lagged predictive effects on postpartum depression.
Background: Repeated non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors are frequently associated with negative emotions, impulsivity and addictive-like characteristics.
Aim: To explore the protective role of perceived social support against self-injury addiction among adolescents engaging in NSSI.
Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 102 Chinese adolescents with NSSI from outpatient clinics at a local hospital between January 2024 and April 2024, and their perceived social support, depression and anxiety emotions, impulsivity, and self-injury addiction were assessed using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), and addiction subscale of the Revised Chinese Version of Ottawa Self-injury Inventory (ROSI-addiction).
Results: Among adolescents with NSSI, ROSI-addiction scores were negatively correlated with MSPSS factors and positively correlated with SAS scores, SDS scores, and all BIS-11 factors except Cognitive instability. Meanwhile, MSPSS factors were negatively correlated with SAS and SDS scores; SAS and SDS scores exhibited positively correlations with the BIS-11 dimensions of Attention, Perseverance, Self-control and Cognitive complexity. Moreover, perceived social support demonstrated both direct and indirect negative relations with self-injury addiction, mediated by anxiety, depression and impulsivity.
Conclusion: Negative emotions and impulsivity mediated the inverse correlation between perceived social support and self-injury addiction in adolescents with NSSI. Enhancing available social support, and regulating anxiety, depression and impulsivity may be fundamental for intervention of in NSSI.
Background: Insomnia in patients with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) appears closely associated with depression and anxiety, though this relationship requires further validation.
Aim: To examine the inter-relationships among depression, anxiety, and insomnia in women with HDP.
Methods: A total of 122 HDP cases were enrolled from January 2021 to January 2025. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to evaluate depressive symptoms, while the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) assessed anxiety. Sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and insomnia were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Spearman's r determined inter-scale correlations. Determinants influencing depression and anxiety were identified via univariate and multivariate analyses.
Results: Among the 122 women with HDP, 20.49% exhibited depression and 24.59% had anxiety. The mean PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were 4.00 (3.00, 4.00) and 4.00 (3.00, 4.25), respectively. As pregnancy progressed, participants showed reduced sleep duration and efficiency, higher PSQI total scores, and an increased proportion of poor sleepers. Across all gestational stages, PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were positively correlated with PSQI results. Depression and anxiety were independently associated with a prior HDP history, limited spousal support, PSQI > 5, and monthly income < 4000 yuan, as confirmed using both regression models.
Conclusion: Depression and anxiety in HDP are positively and strongly to insomnia. Women with HDP face higher risk of depression and anxiety if they have a history of HDP, limited spousal support, PSQI > 5, or monthly income < 4000 yuan.
Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common mental illness that affects 10%-20% of women globally and has a major negative influence on the health of both the mother and the child. It is highly prevalent, although many cases go undetected. The etiology is multifactorial and involves biological, psychological, and social factors. This study aims to evaluate PPD incidence and identify related risk factors to provide evidence for clinical screening and prevention.
Aim: To evaluate PPD prevalence and associated risk variables.
Methods: This study included 376 women who delivered in University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and completed a 6-week post-partum follow-up. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess postpartum depressive symptoms, with a score ≥ 13 defined as post-partum depression.
Results: The prevalence of PPD was 15.7% (59/376). Compared with the non-PPD group, the PPD group had significantly greater proportions of primiparas (71.2% vs 52.4%), unplanned pregnancies (33.9% vs 18.6%), and cesarean sections (54.2% vs 37.9%). The overall incidence of pregnancy complications, particularly gestational hypertension and diabetes, was significantly greater in the PPD group (47.5% vs 28.7%). Previous depression or anxiety history (27.1% vs 8.2%), lower marital satisfaction, and family dysfunction were more common in the PPD group. The Social Support Rating Scale total score was significantly lower in the PPD group than in the non-PD group (31.6 ± 7.2 vs 40.3 ± 8.1). The PPD group had significantly worse sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: 11.5 ± 3.3 vs 8.2 ± 2.7) and a higher incidence of postpartum stressful events (30.5% vs 13.9%). As independent risk factors for PPD, multivariate logistic regression analysis identified prior history of depression or anxiety [odds ratio (ORs)= 3.64], marital discord (OR = 2.53), lack of social support (OR = 2.37), pregnancy complications (OR = 2.18), poor postpartum sleep quality (OR = 1.98), economic pressure (OR = 1.75), primipara status (OR = 1.52), and cesarean delivery (OR = 1.46). With a sensitivity of 76.3% and specificity of 65.9%, an EPDS score of ≥ 9 in late pregnancy had a moderate predictive value for PPD (AUC = 0.763).
Conclusion: PPD was 15.7% common, and its pathophysiology included social, psychological, and biological factors. The biggest predictors were marital strife, prior mental illness, and a lack of social support. It is advised that high-risk moms be screened for pregnancy and that a thorough intervention system be put in place, which should include boosting social support, bolstering marital bonds, and improving psychological support.
Background: To understand the current situation of violent behavior among hospitalized patients with severe mental disorders (SMDs), analyze its influencing factors, establish a predictive model and draw a nomogram, providing screening tools for medical staff to accurately identify SMDs who have violent behavior and the direction of early intervention.
Aim: To investigate the determinants of violent actions in hospitalized patients with SMDs.
Methods: This research included 440 inpatients with SMDs who were admitted to the Wutaishan Hospital from January 2025 to June 2025. Data collection and analysis aimed to pinpoint independent contributors linked to aggression in this patient group. An advanced logistic regression analysis with multiple variables was performed using R, followed by the creation of a line chart to display the forecast outcomes of the model.
Results: Of 120 patients exhibited violent behavior (incidence rate = 27.30%). Education level, cigarette smoking, length of hospitalization, age, psychotic symptoms based on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and C-reactive protein were independent risk factors for violent behavior. Education level and age served as protective elements among the factors analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic curve area for the training and test sets was calculated to be 0.94 and 0.93, respectively. The calibration graph demonstrated that the model was accurately adjusted. The clinical decision curve demonstrated that the model provided significant practical benefits.
Conclusion: The predictive mode provided a valuable theoretical basis for ward staff to identify inpatients with SMDs at elevated risk of aggression in the early phase.
Background: General anesthesia is essential for maintaining adequate sedation, minimizing intraoperative stimuli, and ensuring smooth surgery completion. However, when faced with invasive procedures and anesthetic risks, patients often exhibit nonspecific physiological and psychological responses.
Aim: To investigate the occurrence of agitation and the prevalence of anxiety during anesthesia recovery in patients with malignant tumors (MTs) and to analyze their influencing factors, providing a theoretical basis for clinical management.
Methods: An analysis was performed on 168 patients who underwent surgery for MTs and recovered from anesthesia between April 2022 and October 2023. Based on the presence or absence of agitation during general anesthesia recovery, patients were divided into agitation and non-agitation groups. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale was distributed to patients who recovered from anesthesia for a questionnaire survey, and based on the results, they were further categorized into anxiety and non-anxiety groups. Clinical data were compared to identify factors influencing agitation and anxiety.
Results: Agitation occurred in 41 (24.4%) of the 168 patients during recovery from general anesthesia. Compared with the non-agitation group, patients with agitation were older, had higher rates of preoperative anxiety, alcohol consumption, diabetes, operations or anesthesia lasting > 3 hours, intraoperative hypothermia, and higher Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores during recovery (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis identified age, operative duration of > 3 hours, preoperative anxiety score, and intraoperative hypothermia as independent risk factors for agitation. The mean anxiety score among all patients was 7.23 ± 2.67, with anxiety symptoms confirmed in 59 cases (35.1%). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed significant associations between groups with age, preoperative anxiety score, education level, annual income, and VAS score during recovery (P < 0.05). Preoperative anxiety score, education level, annual income, and VAS score during recovery were key factors influencing anxiety in patients who underwent MT surgery during general anesthesia recovery.
Conclusion: Anxiety is common among patients recovering from anesthesia after MT surgery. Preoperative anxiety score, education level, annual income, and VAS score during recovery are major influencing factors for anxiety, whereas preoperative anxiety represents a risk factor for agitation.
Background: Patients with ovarian cancer often experience significant psychological stress during chemotherapy, including emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression.
Aim: To analyze the application value of positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment (PERMA) well-being care combined with role model motivation in patients with ovarian cancer undergoing chemotherapy for anxiety and depression, with a focus on psychological health and compliance behavior.
Methods: Seventy patients with ovarian cancer undergoing chemotherapy were recruited from a hospital between August 2022 and August 2024. They were randomly divided into two groups using a lottery method: The reference group (n = 35, receiving routine care) and the experimental group (n = 35, receiving PERMA well-being care combined with role model motivation in addition to routine care). Both groups received their respective interventions before and after chemotherapy. Psychological state, mood state, compliance behavior, and cancer-related fatigue levels were assessed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software (version 26.0).
Results: After the intervention, patients' psychological state improved, with the experimental group showing greater benefits than the control group. Specifically, the intervention group achieved an 8.8% reduction in anxiety, a 19.8% reduction in depressive symptoms, and a 7.8% increase in self-efficacy relative to controls (P < 0.05). Mood state also improved more markedly in the experimental group, with significant reductions across tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, anger-hostility, fatigue-inertia, and confusion-bewilderment, alongside an increase in vigor-activity (P < 0.05). The compliance rate was higher in the experimental group than in the control group (91.43% vs 71.43%, P < 0.05). Cancer-related fatigue decreased in both groups, with the experimental group exhibiting greater reductions across emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and physical dimensions (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: PERMA well-being care combined with role model motivation is effective in reducing anxiety and depression symptoms, improving mood states, enhancing compliance behavior, and alleviating cancer-related fatigue in patients with ovarian cancer undergoing chemotherapy for anxiety and depression. Therefore, this approach warrants broader clinical application.
Healthy behavior has long been linked to mental health outcomes. However, the role of artificial intelligence (AI) literacy in shaping healthy behaviors and its potential impact on mental health remains underexplored. This paper presents a scoping review offering a novel perspective on the intersection of healthy behaviors, mental health, and AI literacy. By examining how individuals' understanding of AI influences their choices regarding nutrition and their susceptibility to mental health issues, the current study explores emerging trends in health behavior decision-making. This emphasizes the need for integrating AI literacy into mental health and health behaviors education, as well as the development of AI-driven tools to support healthier behavior choices. It highlights that individuals with low AI literacy may misinterpret or overly depend on AI guidance, resulting in maladaptive health choices, while those with high AI literacy may be more likely to engage reflectively and sustain positive behaviors. The paper outlines the importance of inclusive education, user-centered design, and community-based support systems to enhance AI literacy for digitally marginalized groups. AI literacy may be positioned as a key determinant of health equity, better allowing for interdisciplinary strategies that empower individuals to make informed, autonomous decisions that promote both physical and mental health.
Chronic pain and disability following acute orthopedic trauma are not only physical concerns but also deeply intertwined with psychological well-being. The recent retrospective cohort study by Yang et al, published, provides compelling evidence of significant associations between depression, anxiety, and postoperative recovery. These findings align with an expanding body of literature that confirms the need for orthopedic rehabilitation to adopt a biopsychosocial perspective. This letter contextualizes Yang et al's study within current evidence, highlighting the roles of sleep disturbance, catastrophizing, stress, neurobiological mechanisms, and coping strategies in shaping recovery. It further emphasizes the importance of integrating nursing-led and multidisciplinary interventions to address both physical and psychological domains, ultimately promoting holistic recovery.
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