World Journal of Psychiatry最新文献

Background: Tic disorders (TDs) are a type of neurological and psychiatric disorder characterized by vocal or motor tics in the head, body, or limbs. Clinical studies have shown that Changmaxifeng granules (CG) can treat TDs. However, the pharmaceutical substances and mechanism of action of CG remain unclear.

Aim: To investigate the pharmaceutical substances and action mechanisms of CG against TDs, this study employs serum medicinal chemistry, network pharmacology, and molecular docking analysis.

Methods: Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to identify the blood-absorbed constituents of CG; Network pharmacology was then used to integrate these compounds with disease targets, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks analysis to pinpoint key proteins. Finally, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses combined with molecular docking elucidated the underlying mechanism of action.

Results: Overall, 187 chemical components, including terpenoids, sugars, phenolic acids, and flavonoids, were identified in vitro. In addition, 75 components, namely 49 prototype components and 26 metabolites, were identified in vivo. The PPI results revealed 225 overlapping targets, with TNF, IL-6, FOS, VEGFA, and ESR1 being the major targets. GO and KEGG analyses were performed to identify key signaling pathways and biological processes. Paeonol, evofolin B, aspalathin, and paeoniflorin were identified as potential pharmacodynamic substances based on the results of the "compound-target" network. The maximum binding energy between the core target and the active ingredient was less than -4.7 kcal/mol, indicating that the pharmacophore exhibited a strong affinity toward the core ingredient.

Conclusion: This study elucidated the in vitro and in vivo chemical components of CG and outlined their potential targets and action mechanisms. This study provides a basis for further research into the action mechanism and clinical application of CG.

Background: Research has consistently demonstrated that patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit attentional switching dysfunction, and the dual-task paradigm has emerged as a valuable tool for probing cognitive deficits. However, the neuroelectrophysiological mechanism underlying this deficit has not been clarified.

Aim: To investigate the event-related potential (ERP) characteristics of attentional switching dysfunction and further explore the neuroelectrophysiological mechanism of the cognitive processing deficits underlying attentional switching dysfunction in MDD.

Methods: The participants included 29 MDD patients and 29 healthy controls (HCs). The ERPs of the participants were measured while they performed the dual-task paradigm. The behavioral and ERP N100, P200, P300, and late positive potential (LPP) data were analyzed.

Results: This study revealed greater accuracy in HCs and slower reaction times (RTs) in MDD patients. Angry facial pictures led to lower accuracy. The results also revealed shorter RTs for happy facial pictures and the longest RTs for the 500-ms stimulus onset asynchrony. With respect to ERP characteristics, happy facial pictures and neutral facial pictures evoked higher amplitudes. The N100, P200, P300, and LPP amplitudes at Pz were the highest. MDD patients had lower P200 mean amplitudes and LPP amplitudes than HCs did.

Conclusion: In conclusion, MDD patients exhibited abnormal ERP characteristics evoked by the dual-task paradigm, which could be the neural correlates of the known abnormalities in attentional switching in patients with MDD. These results provide valuable insights into the understanding of the neural mechanisms of attentional switching function and may guide targeted interventions in patients with MDD.

Anxiety disorders following percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction affect approximately 20%-40% of patients, with a significantly greater prevalence in females (OR = 1.8). These disorders manifest through physiological symptoms, cognitive distortions, behavioral avoidance, and cardiac-specific concerns and typically emerge within 1-2 weeks post-procedure. Key risk factors include female sex, younger age (< 55 years), psychiatric history, procedural complexity, and poor social support. Anxiety negatively affects cardiovascular outcomes when left untreated, leading to higher readmission rates (HR = 1.47) and recurrent cardiovascular events (HR = 1.31), as well as lower medication adherence and quality of life. Screening is optimally conducted 7-10 days post-procedure via validated tools such as the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Anxiety. Heart-specific cognitive behavioral therapy (SMD = -0.72), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (especially sertraline), and integrated cardiac rehabilitation programs that incorporate both psychological and physical elements are among the beneficial interventions that have been supported by evidence. These all-encompassing strategies show long-term improvements in cardiovascular outcomes, functional ability, and healthcare expenses in addition to immediate benefits in lowering anxiety. Digital initiatives have the potential to increase access, especially in underprivileged areas. Early identification of high-risk patients and implementation of timely, targeted interventions represent crucial strategies for improving both psychological and cardiovascular outcomes in this vulnerable population.

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with high incidence of anxiety and depression disorders (27%-54% and 20%-42%, respectively), significantly affecting patient quality of life. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying post-SAH emotional disorders remain poorly understood, limiting targeted therapeutic interventions.

Aim: To identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets through comprehensive analysis of behavioral, neuroimaging, and inflammatory parameters in a rat SAH model.

Methods: We established a rat SAH model using cisternal injection of autologous blood and conducted comprehensive assessments including behavioral tests (elevated plus maze, forced swimming test, sucrose preference test), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and inflammatory factor detection. Seventy-two male SD rats were randomly divided into sham and SAH groups, with evaluations performed at multiple time points (1 hour to 72 hours post-hemorrhage). DTI parameters including fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient were measured in limbic-prefrontal circuits. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory markers [interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α] were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: SAH rats exhibited significant anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors at 12 hours, which further deteriorated at 24 hours (open arm time: 30.3 ± 4.7 seconds vs 82.1 ± 8.3 seconds in controls, P < 0.01; immobility time: 136.5 ± 12.7 seconds vs 78.3 ± 9.2 seconds in controls, P < 0.01). DTI analysis revealed progressive white matter microstructural damage, with hippocampus-prefrontal FA values decreasing by 21.8% and amygdala-prefrontal FA values by 20.3% at 24 hours (P < 0.001). Apparent diffusion coefficient values significantly decreased at 12 hours, indicating cellular edema. Inflammatory markers showed marked elevation, with stronger correlations between cerebrospinal fluid IL-1β and behavioral changes (r = 0.72-0.81, P < 0.001).

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that post-SAH emotional disorders result from a temporal cascade involving early neuroinflammation and progressive limbic-prefrontal circuit microstructural damage.

Background: Patients with gastric cancer (GC) frequently experience notable psychological distress, which often manifests as anxiety and depression. Identifying key contributing factors is essential for developing effective interventions to improve mental health outcomes.

Aim: To investigate the relationships between anxiety/depression, self-efficacy, and social support in patients with GC and identified significant risk factors.

Methods: We enrolled 124 patients with GC undergoing treatment at Chongqing University Cancer Hospital between May 2021 and May 2024. Information regarding the patients' anxiety and depression evaluated by the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), [including a subscale for anxiety (HADS-A) and a separate subscale for depression (HADS-D)] self-efficacy, measured by the general self-efficacy scale (GSES), and social support, assessed by the perceived social support scale (PSSS), was gathered. Relationships among HADS, GSES, and PSSS scores were determined through Pearson correlation analysis. Risk factors for anxiety and depression among patients with GC were identified using univariate and multivariate analyses, specifically binary logistic regression.

Results: The obtained data demonstrated mild psychological distress (mean HADS-A: 8.74 ± 3.70; mean HADS-D: 10.26 ± 3.84), suboptimal self-efficacy levels (GSES: 17.81 ± 5.45), and moderate social support (PSSS: 56.27 ± 11.28). Correlational analysis revealed significant inverse relationships between psychological distress (anxiety and depression) and both social support and self-efficacy (P < 0.01), with self-efficacy showing a strong positive association with social support (P < 0.01). Univariate analysis revealed that gender, age, clinical stage, tumor size, GSES, and PSSS were closely associated with anxiety and depression in patients with GC. Multivariate logistic regression identified three independent predictors of these mood disturbances: Advanced age (≥ 60), large tumor size (≥ 3 cm), and diminished GSES scores (< 18).

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that patients with GC generally experience mild anxiety and depression, which are closely related to low self-efficacy and insufficient social support. Age, tumor size, and low self-efficacy are independent predictors of anxiety and depression. In clinical practice, psychosocial interventions should be integrated, with a focus on high-risk populations, to improve patients' mental health.

This review addresses the critical intersection between acute poisoning and the associated psychological trauma, highlighting the need to bridge the gap between emergency care and long-term mental health rehabilitation. The global incidence of acute poisoning varies, showing different demographic patterns in psychological trauma post-poisoning, with suicide attempts accounting for approximately 76% of cases in some cohorts. Additionally, an estimated 385 million unintentional pesticide poisonings occur annually worldwide. A comprehensive understanding of the biological and neurobiological mechanisms involved-along with accurate diagnostic strategies and treatment methods-is essential. Multidisciplinary and integrated care approaches associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality (odds ratio: 0.52) and significant symptom burden relief, along with technological and therapeutic innovations, are essential for improving patient outcomes. Finally, this review outlines policy and research recommendations to enhance integrated care systems for the better management of acute poisoning and its associated psychological trauma.

Background: Doctoral students often encounter mental health challenges, including stress, anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders. It is important to explore effective intervention methods to enhance their overall physical and mental well-being. It is anticipated that targeted exercise will lead to a significant reduction in stress, anxiety, and depression levels as well as an improvement in sleep quality.

Aim: To assess the feasibility and potential benefits of both intervention models in enhancing the sleep quality of doctoral students while alleviating stress, anxiety, and depression.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of health data from 64 doctoral students across three universities in Shenyang during the 2024-2025 academic year was conducted. The participants were divided into a targeted exercise group and a Tai Chi group. The study employed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Perceived Stress Scale-10, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to evaluate the impact of the two interventions on reducing stress, anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders.

Results: The primary results of the study indicated that targeted exercise interventions are significantly effective in alleviating symptoms of anxiety, stress, and depression, as well as in improving sleep quality. Compared to Tai Chi interventions, this approach demonstrates greater durability of effects. Although the efficacy of targeted interventions may gradually diminish over time, the overall research findings suggest that targeted exercise remains a more effective therapeutic approach than Tai Chi interventions.

Conclusion: The impact of targeted exercise on stress, anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders was greater than that of Tai Chi, confirming the potential benefits for psychological health intervention for doctoral students.

Background: Economic violence is a type of domestic violence in which an intimate partner attempts to oppress, restrict, or direct a female by exercising control over her financial resources.

Aim: To explore the impact of economic abuse on individual work performance and clarify the effective factors on financial exploitation among physicians and nurses.

Methods: The study has a cross-sectional design, and 305 married, female physicians and nurses working in a university hospital were included. Data was collected with demographic characteristics forms, "Revised Scale of Economic Abuse" and "Individual Work Performance Questionnaire". Pearson correlation, comparative analyses, and internal consistency reliability tests were used.

Results: The average age was 39.04 ± 9.41. Among the respondents 69.2% were nurses and 63.9% held a bachelor's degree. The mean score for the Revised Scale of Economic Abuse was 2.80 ± 4.73 while it was 3.86 ± 0.60 for the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire.

Conclusion: Our study revealed no relationship between economic abuse and individual work performance, confirming that nurses are exposed to more economic abuse and exploitation than physicians and exhibit higher work performance.

Background: Substantial clinical evidence supports the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for various diseases, particularly in oncology. However, the true impact of CBT interventions on cancer-related fatigue and mental health in patients with ovarian cancer remains unknown.

Aim: To evaluate the effects of CBT on fatigue, anxiety, depression and quality of life in patients with ovarian cancer.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on CBT for patients with ovarian cancer were searched in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases. According to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement, we formulated the inclusion and exclusion criteria, strictly screened the literatures, extracted data and performed a meta-analysis.

Results: Six RCTs with 332 ovarian cancer patients were included. Compared with the control group, cancer fatigue [mean difference (MD) = -0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.47 to -0.50], anxiety [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.64, 95%CI: -0.91 to -0.36] and depression levels (SMD = -0.41, 95%CI: -0.76 to -0.06) of the patients in the experimental group reduced after CBT intervention. Quality of life (MD = 1.28, 95%CI: 0.65 to 1.90) and sleep quality (MD = -0.49, 95%CI: -0.66 to -0.33) of the patients improved, and the differences between the groups were statistically significant (P < 0.01). The quality evaluation results suggested that the quality of the included RCTs was low. The meta-regression results showed that patient age and nurse guidance affected treatment outcomes, especially anxiety, whereas the specific method of CBT had a non-significant effect.

Conclusion: CBT effectively improves mental status and cancer-related fatigue in patients with ovarian cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Future research should prioritize adequately powered RCTs with standardized outcome measures and longitudinal designs to establish sustained efficacy.