The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most widely farmed legumes, with farmers cultivating a variety of cultivar variants in Kurdistan of Iraq. Total of 50 bean samples were tested to establish their mycological contamination and their toxigenic potential under certain conditions, a variety of fungi may develop within bean grains; some of which have the capacity to synthesize mycotoxins. In current study toxigenic fungi were studied in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp. and Penicillium spp. were the most frequently isolated genera, followed by Phoma sp., Mucor spp., Alternaria spp., Curvularia spp., Rhizopus spp., Eurotium sp. Chaetomium spp, Yeasts and Drechslera spp. Among 20 Aspergillus 11 strains produced mycotoxins: 30% produced aflatoxins (AFs) ranged between 81-260 ppb; 5% produced ochratoxin A (OTA 70-100 ppb) and 26.6% of Fusarium produced Trichothecene T-2/HT-2 (50- 94 ppb). The toxigenic species were A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. ochraceus, A. carbonarius A. niger and F. sporotrichioides.
{"title":"Studying Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins Detection from Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) in Duhok Province/Kurdistan of Iraq.","authors":"","doi":"10.21271/zjpas.35.4.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21271/zjpas.35.4.19","url":null,"abstract":"The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most widely farmed legumes, with farmers cultivating a variety of cultivar variants in Kurdistan of Iraq. Total of 50 bean samples were tested to establish their mycological contamination and their toxigenic potential under certain conditions, a variety of fungi may develop within bean grains; some of which have the capacity to synthesize mycotoxins. In current study toxigenic fungi were studied in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp. and Penicillium spp. were the most frequently isolated genera, followed by Phoma sp., Mucor spp., Alternaria spp., Curvularia spp., Rhizopus spp., Eurotium sp. Chaetomium spp, Yeasts and Drechslera spp. Among 20 Aspergillus 11 strains produced mycotoxins: 30% produced aflatoxins (AFs) ranged between 81-260 ppb; 5% produced ochratoxin A (OTA 70-100 ppb) and 26.6% of Fusarium produced Trichothecene T-2/HT-2 (50- 94 ppb). The toxigenic species were A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. ochraceus, A. carbonarius A. niger and F. sporotrichioides.","PeriodicalId":23933,"journal":{"name":"ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136350039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficiency Analysis of Aquifer Parameters of Different Wells in Khabat Basin","authors":"","doi":"10.21271/zjpas.35.4.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21271/zjpas.35.4.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23933,"journal":{"name":"ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68020246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new series of sulfa drug diamides and local anesthesia diamides (2a-f) and (3a-f) have been prepared through the nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction. The pharmacological profile of all newly synthesized compounds was evaluated in vitro for their antibacterial and antifungal activities using the micro broth dilution assay method and antioxidant activity by the DPPH-radical scavenging method. It was revealed that synthesized compounds were exhibiting promising radical scavenging activity and pharmacological activities against both strains. The structures of synthesized diamides were expounded and elucidated on the bases of their FT-IR, 1H- and 13C –NMR spectral data.
{"title":"Synthesis, biological and antioxidant activity of new diamides derived from sulfonamide drug and local anesthesia","authors":"","doi":"10.21271/zjpas.35.4.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21271/zjpas.35.4.21","url":null,"abstract":"A new series of sulfa drug diamides and local anesthesia diamides (2a-f) and (3a-f) have been prepared through the nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction. The pharmacological profile of all newly synthesized compounds was evaluated in vitro for their antibacterial and antifungal activities using the micro broth dilution assay method and antioxidant activity by the DPPH-radical scavenging method. It was revealed that synthesized compounds were exhibiting promising radical scavenging activity and pharmacological activities against both strains. The structures of synthesized diamides were expounded and elucidated on the bases of their FT-IR, 1H- and 13C –NMR spectral data.","PeriodicalId":23933,"journal":{"name":"ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136350040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Erbil city the farmers used both wastewater and well water for irrigation pupose. An inductively coupled plasma ICP was used to analyze heavy metals., including silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), chrome (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As), in wastewater, well water, agricultural soils, and vegetables (Chard, Celery, Arugula, Leek and Dill), as well as the health risks they pose in Erbil. Bio-concentration factor (BCF), daily intake (DI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), and carcinogenic risks (CR) were calculated to determine health concerns. Overall, metals were found in water, soil, and vegetables. The following is a rundown of the tendencies in these metals' Ni 1. As, Cd, and Cr's CR values above 10-4. These results show that local farmers' habit of irrigating vegetables with untreated wastewater and well water has generated heavy metal deposition in the soils, which is absorbed by vegetables and poses a health concern to the local people.
{"title":"Erbil residents' daily consumption of heavy metals via sewage and well water-irrigated veggies","authors":"","doi":"10.21271/zjpas.35.4.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21271/zjpas.35.4.13","url":null,"abstract":"In Erbil city the farmers used both wastewater and well water for irrigation pupose. An inductively coupled plasma ICP was used to analyze heavy metals., including silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), chrome (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As), in wastewater, well water, agricultural soils, and vegetables (Chard, Celery, Arugula, Leek and Dill), as well as the health risks they pose in Erbil. Bio-concentration factor (BCF), daily intake (DI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), and carcinogenic risks (CR) were calculated to determine health concerns. Overall, metals were found in water, soil, and vegetables. The following is a rundown of the tendencies in these metals' Ni<Ag < Zn < Cr < Mn < Cd < As < Fe < Al < Pb, in the wastewater and well water and As<Ag <Cr< Fe< Cd< Ni< Zn< Mn< Al< Pb in the soil. In the vegetable samples, the mean values mg kg-1 varied from 0.74-13.90, 12.90- 41.70, 2.59- 30.40, 573–1810, 93–292, 2.44 –31.65, 23.10–116, 138–448, 13.70- 40.13 and 1.55 to 14.91, for As, Cd, Cr, Al, Pb, Ni, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ag, respectively, Cd, Pb, and Mn in chard, Arugula, and celery irrigated with wastewater and well water exceeded WHO/FAW adult safe limits. As, Cd, and Pb THQs were larger than unity in all veggies except sites 2 and 4 for As. Al in sites 1,4,6, and Mn in all sites from Chard plants had THQs > 1. As, Cd, and Cr's CR values above 10-4. These results show that local farmers' habit of irrigating vegetables with untreated wastewater and well water has generated heavy metal deposition in the soils, which is absorbed by vegetables and poses a health concern to the local people.","PeriodicalId":23933,"journal":{"name":"ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136350045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Review of Modern Isotope Applications in Engineering Hydrology","authors":"","doi":"10.21271/zjpas.35.4.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21271/zjpas.35.4.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23933,"journal":{"name":"ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44337601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The removal of catalyst poisoning compounds from crude oil or heavy oil fractions improves the efficiency of oil refineries and reduces the cost of high temperature corrosion damage during combustion. In this study, the demetallization of crude oil examined using readily separable paramagnetic rust particles functionalized with acidic choline chloride/oxalic acid (Oxaline) deep eutectic solvents (DESs). The functionalized particles were used as absorbent/adsorbents for organic and inorganic metal ions existing in crude oil specifically Ni, V, Mg, Ca, and Na. The functionalized particle samples are characterized using scanning electron microscopy /electron dispersive x-ray (SEM/EDX), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The optimum conditions for the removal of metallic constituents in terms of rust particle identity, absorbent/adsorbent dosage, temperature, and the type of employed DESs are studied. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and flame atomic absorption (AAS) and flame atomic emission spectrometry (AES) are used for measuring elemental analysis.
{"title":"Demetallization of crude oil using Oxaline functionalized easily separable paramagnetic rust products","authors":"","doi":"10.21271/zjpas.35.4.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21271/zjpas.35.4.16","url":null,"abstract":"The removal of catalyst poisoning compounds from crude oil or heavy oil fractions improves the efficiency of oil refineries and reduces the cost of high temperature corrosion damage during combustion. In this study, the demetallization of crude oil examined using readily separable paramagnetic rust particles functionalized with acidic choline chloride/oxalic acid (Oxaline) deep eutectic solvents (DESs). The functionalized particles were used as absorbent/adsorbents for organic and inorganic metal ions existing in crude oil specifically Ni, V, Mg, Ca, and Na. The functionalized particle samples are characterized using scanning electron microscopy /electron dispersive x-ray (SEM/EDX), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The optimum conditions for the removal of metallic constituents in terms of rust particle identity, absorbent/adsorbent dosage, temperature, and the type of employed DESs are studied. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and flame atomic absorption (AAS) and flame atomic emission spectrometry (AES) are used for measuring elemental analysis.","PeriodicalId":23933,"journal":{"name":"ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136350041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A total of 4754 snails were collected from four sites (Qandil, Kawergosk, Khabat, and Sufaia) on Greater Zab River, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, identified morphologically and the distribution results made up of 2764 (58.14%) of Physella acuta, 919 (19.33%) of Radix auricularia, 416 (8.75%) of Radix euphratica, 180 (3.79%) of Radix sp., 255 (5.36) of Melanopsis praemorsa and 220 (4.63%) of Gyraulus huwaizahensis. Statistical analysis of species distribution showed significant (p<0.05) differences with study sites. All species (except Physella acuta) recorded for the first time in Greater Zab River.
{"title":"Morphological Identification and Distribution of Freshwater Snails (Gastropods: Mollusca) in Greater Zab River, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","authors":"","doi":"10.21271/zjpas.35.4.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21271/zjpas.35.4.24","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 4754 snails were collected from four sites (Qandil, Kawergosk, Khabat, and Sufaia) on Greater Zab River, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, identified morphologically and the distribution results made up of 2764 (58.14%) of Physella acuta, 919 (19.33%) of Radix auricularia, 416 (8.75%) of Radix euphratica, 180 (3.79%) of Radix sp., 255 (5.36) of Melanopsis praemorsa and 220 (4.63%) of Gyraulus huwaizahensis. Statistical analysis of species distribution showed significant (p<0.05) differences with study sites. All species (except Physella acuta) recorded for the first time in Greater Zab River.","PeriodicalId":23933,"journal":{"name":"ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136350048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The Internet of Things (IoT) has been taking over the globe, providing an interface where computer devices are connected to digital equipment, mechanical machines, and even individuals. This paper suggests a smart airport check-in system utilizing the Internet of Things. The system includes setting up a smart door to secure the passage of travelers at the airport, depending on the barcode boarding pass (BCBP). The door is designed and implemented using Raspberry Pi 4B, and two cameras are installed. The first one is for scanning the BCBP, decoding a developed PDF417-based algorithm and processing the data. The second camera is to detect and capture the traveler’s faces in real-time video streaming among the face alignment using Dlib and OpenCV-Python algorithms. A fingerprint reader is also attached to the system as biometric authentication. The system is monitored using the KAA platform. When the data of a traveler is verified and matched, the door opens. If the data is not matched, the door remains closed and a Telegram notification will be sent to the airport security. The system was tested on 100 travelers. It results to obtain smooth, secure, and reliable check-ins.
{"title":"An IoT-Based Smart Airport Check-In System Via Three-Factor Authentication (3FA)","authors":"","doi":"10.21271/zjpas.35.4.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21271/zjpas.35.4.01","url":null,"abstract":": The Internet of Things (IoT) has been taking over the globe, providing an interface where computer devices are connected to digital equipment, mechanical machines, and even individuals. This paper suggests a smart airport check-in system utilizing the Internet of Things. The system includes setting up a smart door to secure the passage of travelers at the airport, depending on the barcode boarding pass (BCBP). The door is designed and implemented using Raspberry Pi 4B, and two cameras are installed. The first one is for scanning the BCBP, decoding a developed PDF417-based algorithm and processing the data. The second camera is to detect and capture the traveler’s faces in real-time video streaming among the face alignment using Dlib and OpenCV-Python algorithms. A fingerprint reader is also attached to the system as biometric authentication. The system is monitored using the KAA platform. When the data of a traveler is verified and matched, the door opens. If the data is not matched, the door remains closed and a Telegram notification will be sent to the airport security. The system was tested on 100 travelers. It results to obtain smooth, secure, and reliable check-ins.","PeriodicalId":23933,"journal":{"name":"ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42943097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The immunopathogenesis of the Coronaviruses (CoVs) is still under study. The innate immunity components can differentiate self and non-self-antigens, be involved in viral particle recognition, and restrict viral replications through antiviral protein expressions. Induction of antiviral innate immune responses against CoV vastly depends on recognizing pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). PAMPs mount the activation of (Toll-Like Receptors) TLR cascade and initiate transcription factors, involving Nuclear Factor- κB (NF-Κb), Interferon Regulatory Factors (IRF3), and (IRF7), and this results in the synthesize of Interferons (IFN) type Ⅰ. Subsequently, type Ⅰ IFN inhibit viral replications, regulate and modulate the immune system. Dendritic cells (DCs) reside in the respiratory tracts. They can recognize viral particles via TLR and initiate innate and adaptive immunity and repress viral spreads through IFNs production. Impairment of TLR, impediment of IFN expression, and/or disresponse of innate immune responses may be associated with tissue destruction after viral elimination. Here, emerging the reviews knowledge on the mechanism of non-specific immune responses against SARS-COV-2.
{"title":"Mechanism of Innate Immune Responses Against SARS-COV-2 Infection","authors":"","doi":"10.21271/zjpas.35.4.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21271/zjpas.35.4.18","url":null,"abstract":"The immunopathogenesis of the Coronaviruses (CoVs) is still under study. The innate immunity components can differentiate self and non-self-antigens, be involved in viral particle recognition, and restrict viral replications through antiviral protein expressions. Induction of antiviral innate immune responses against CoV vastly depends on recognizing pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). PAMPs mount the activation of (Toll-Like Receptors) TLR cascade and initiate transcription factors, involving Nuclear Factor- κB (NF-Κb), Interferon Regulatory Factors (IRF3), and (IRF7), and this results in the synthesize of Interferons (IFN) type Ⅰ. Subsequently, type Ⅰ IFN inhibit viral replications, regulate and modulate the immune system. Dendritic cells (DCs) reside in the respiratory tracts. They can recognize viral particles via TLR and initiate innate and adaptive immunity and repress viral spreads through IFNs production. Impairment of TLR, impediment of IFN expression, and/or disresponse of innate immune responses may be associated with tissue destruction after viral elimination. Here, emerging the reviews knowledge on the mechanism of non-specific immune responses against SARS-COV-2.","PeriodicalId":23933,"journal":{"name":"ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136350035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Global food productivity is severely hampered by soil nutrients deficiencies. The use of synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers is widespread cultivation practice to improve agricultural output. Other non-symbiotic endophytic bacteria have also been identified within the same root nodules at the same time as rhizobacteria. It is a common occurrence for non-symbiotic soil microbes to reside in leguminous nodulation. In the current study, Rhizobia and non-symbiotic commensal bacteria that promote plant development were isolated from the native leguminous Medicago sativa. According to our analysis, these non-symbiotic microbes are frequently found inside root nodules and work in concert with rhizobacteria to enhance nodulation and nitrogen fixation in legume crops. The current research work aimed to isolate identification & characterizing root nodulating species from wild alfalfa (Medicago sativa. L) plant nodules collected from different regions of Koya city in the Erbil district. Isolation of these species was done by culturing on YEMA (Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar) medium and incubation period of 48 hours at 30 °C. The sample identification was processed using standard microbiological and biochemical techniques as well as 16S rDNA partial sequence and nifH gene. Results showed that thirty nodule samples yielded a total of two Rhizobium species isolates, one of them was recorded in NCBI as a new strain. The others were found to be Pseudomonas and Enterobacter, Rahnella and Erwinia respectively. The findings suggested that lateral gene transfer (LGT) between non-symbiotic endophytic bacteria and rhizobacteria may have taken place.
{"title":"Bacterial Population of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Plant Nodules in Koya city","authors":"","doi":"10.21271/zjpas.35.4.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21271/zjpas.35.4.23","url":null,"abstract":"Global food productivity is severely hampered by soil nutrients deficiencies. The use of synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers is widespread cultivation practice to improve agricultural output. Other non-symbiotic endophytic bacteria have also been identified within the same root nodules at the same time as rhizobacteria. It is a common occurrence for non-symbiotic soil microbes to reside in leguminous nodulation. In the current study, Rhizobia and non-symbiotic commensal bacteria that promote plant development were isolated from the native leguminous Medicago sativa. According to our analysis, these non-symbiotic microbes are frequently found inside root nodules and work in concert with rhizobacteria to enhance nodulation and nitrogen fixation in legume crops. The current research work aimed to isolate identification & characterizing root nodulating species from wild alfalfa (Medicago sativa. L) plant nodules collected from different regions of Koya city in the Erbil district. Isolation of these species was done by culturing on YEMA (Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar) medium and incubation period of 48 hours at 30 °C. The sample identification was processed using standard microbiological and biochemical techniques as well as 16S rDNA partial sequence and nifH gene. Results showed that thirty nodule samples yielded a total of two Rhizobium species isolates, one of them was recorded in NCBI as a new strain. The others were found to be Pseudomonas and Enterobacter, Rahnella and Erwinia respectively. The findings suggested that lateral gene transfer (LGT) between non-symbiotic endophytic bacteria and rhizobacteria may have taken place.","PeriodicalId":23933,"journal":{"name":"ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136350043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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