A study was conducted on the first comprehensive survey of vascular plants in the Makok Mountain. Surveyed Area located on the northwest of Sulaymaniyah governorate Iraqi Kurdistan Region, in the botanical physiographic mountain Rowanduz district, as a part of the mountain forest region. Surveyed area is situated about 120 km North of Sulaymaniyah city. The period of Field work were conducted from spring 2021 to spring 2022. Over 2000 plant taxa were collected. As a results, 351 plant taxa from 65 families and 243 genera were determined and identified. The 5 largest families in this study area such as Asteraceae (50 taxa: 32.05 %), Fabaceae (35 taxa: 22.44 %), Lamiaceae (28 taxa: 17.95 %), Poaceae (23 taxa: 14.74%), and Apiaceae (20 taxa: 12.82 %).
{"title":"Vascular Plants of Makok Mountain in (Mountain Region-Rowanduz District) Kurdistan Region/Iraq.","authors":"Sdiq W. Mrad, J. Saeed","doi":"10.21271/zjpas.35.3.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21271/zjpas.35.3.20","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted on the first comprehensive survey of vascular plants in the Makok Mountain. Surveyed Area located on the northwest of Sulaymaniyah governorate Iraqi Kurdistan Region, in the botanical physiographic mountain Rowanduz district, as a part of the mountain forest region. Surveyed area is situated about 120 km North of Sulaymaniyah city. The period of Field work were conducted from spring 2021 to spring 2022. Over 2000 plant taxa were collected. As a results, 351 plant taxa from 65 families and 243 genera were determined and identified. The 5 largest families in this study area such as Asteraceae (50 taxa: 32.05 %), Fabaceae (35 taxa: 22.44 %), Lamiaceae (28 taxa: 17.95 %), Poaceae (23 taxa: 14.74%), and Apiaceae (20 taxa: 12.82 %).","PeriodicalId":23933,"journal":{"name":"ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46610563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of lysine and methionine on growth performance, approximate carcass compositions and haematological and biochemical parameters in common carp, Cyprinus carpio fingerlings (average weight 22 ± 0.9 g) for 10 weeks. Four experimental diets were prepared with supplemented with lysine and methionine at levels of (0 (control diet), T1 (1Lys and 0.4Met g/kg), T2 (2Lys and 0.8Met g/kg), T3 (3Lys and 1.2Met g/kg). No mortalities were recorded during the experimental study. Final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion efficiency (FCE) were significantly improved (P˂0.05) in fish fed T1 compare to fish fed control diet. However Lys and Met levels in T3 diet compromised the growth performance and feed utilization. There was significantly (p ˂ 0.05) effect protein and ash on whole-body composition by dietary lysine and methionine supplementation but has not significantly affect whole body lipid content. The result of this study has significantly effect on some biochemical blood parameters include erythrocytic count, leucocytic count and haematocrit and this study showed that plasma cholesterol and triglyceride of the fish was significantly affected. Addition of lysine and methionine resulted in significant differences in amino acid profile in fish meat. The result indicated that supplementing lysine and methionine of the diet T1 improve growth performance and feed utilization and up to T2 diet with slight increase in performance and health status of common carp ( C. carpio ) fingerlings.
{"title":"Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Lysine and Methionine on Growth Performance, Blood Parameters and Body Composition of Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) Fingerling","authors":"Lezan kawa jameel, Samad Sofy","doi":"10.21271/zjpas.35.3.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21271/zjpas.35.3.14","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of lysine and methionine on growth performance, approximate carcass compositions and haematological and biochemical parameters in common carp, Cyprinus carpio fingerlings (average weight 22 ± 0.9 g) for 10 weeks. Four experimental diets were prepared with supplemented with lysine and methionine at levels of (0 (control diet), T1 (1Lys and 0.4Met g/kg), T2 (2Lys and 0.8Met g/kg), T3 (3Lys and 1.2Met g/kg). No mortalities were recorded during the experimental study. Final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion efficiency (FCE) were significantly improved (P˂0.05) in fish fed T1 compare to fish fed control diet. However Lys and Met levels in T3 diet compromised the growth performance and feed utilization. There was significantly (p ˂ 0.05) effect protein and ash on whole-body composition by dietary lysine and methionine supplementation but has not significantly affect whole body lipid content. The result of this study has significantly effect on some biochemical blood parameters include erythrocytic count, leucocytic count and haematocrit and this study showed that plasma cholesterol and triglyceride of the fish was significantly affected. Addition of lysine and methionine resulted in significant differences in amino acid profile in fish meat. The result indicated that supplementing lysine and methionine of the diet T1 improve growth performance and feed utilization and up to T2 diet with slight increase in performance and health status of common carp ( C. carpio ) fingerlings.","PeriodicalId":23933,"journal":{"name":"ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47612142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The expanding incidence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in the last years has led researchers to focus on the factors for identification and diagnosis that are linked with autism. ASDs are a group of early-onset and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders of the brain. The aim of the recent study was to assess the family history and sex differences as factors related to ASD among Kurdish children in Erbil city. Two hundred and nineteen subjects with ASD and one hundred nineteen healthy children were included in the study. Depending on the type of data and the objective of the assessment, “Chi-square tests, Likelihood Ratio, Linear-by-Linear Association, Pearson Correlation, and Fisher's Exact Test” were used to compare dissimilarities between autistic groups and healthy groups. In the study group consisting of children with ASD, in terms of sex differences, about 75.8% of the children in the Autism group were male compared to 57.1% in the control group and 24.2% of the offspring in the autistic group were female compared to 42.9% in the control group, which means the ratio is (3:1, male: female) and if someone to be autistic in the family in future will be mostly male and this is highly significant in our study, the p-value about (0.002). This study concludes that Sex Differences and Family History as genetic risk factors for developing autism among the Kurdish population.
{"title":"The Effect of Sex Differences and Family History as a Genetic Factors related to Autism Spectrum Disorder among Group of children in Erbil city, Kurdistan Region- Iraq.","authors":"Srwa S. Saleem, N. A. Ameen","doi":"10.21271/zjpas.35.3.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21271/zjpas.35.3.22","url":null,"abstract":"The expanding incidence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in the last years has led researchers to focus on the factors for identification and diagnosis that are linked with autism. ASDs are a group of early-onset and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders of the brain. The aim of the recent study was to assess the family history and sex differences as factors related to ASD among Kurdish children in Erbil city. Two hundred and nineteen subjects with ASD and one hundred nineteen healthy children were included in the study. Depending on the type of data and the objective of the assessment, “Chi-square tests, Likelihood Ratio, Linear-by-Linear Association, Pearson Correlation, and Fisher's Exact Test” were used to compare dissimilarities between autistic groups and healthy groups. In the study group consisting of children with ASD, in terms of sex differences, about 75.8% of the children in the Autism group were male compared to 57.1% in the control group and 24.2% of the offspring in the autistic group were female compared to 42.9% in the control group, which means the ratio is (3:1, male: female) and if someone to be autistic in the family in future will be mostly male and this is highly significant in our study, the p-value about (0.002). This study concludes that Sex Differences and Family History as genetic risk factors for developing autism among the Kurdish population.","PeriodicalId":23933,"journal":{"name":"ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42170600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the current research was to evaluate the heavy metals contamination in Kurdish rice from the main rice-producing areas in Kurdistan and its health risk assessment. The Kurdish rice samples were collected from different locations and the concentration of heavy metals was measured by using Inductively Coupled Plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) was also calculated to evaluate the potential health risk assessment for the Kurdish local population through rice consumption. The mean EDI values from the rice consumption of most Kurdish rice samples were significantly higher than the safe limits set by FAO/WHO. The heavy metals were detected in the descending order Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > As > Co > Cd in the rice samples. The results demonstrate that Kurdish rice from the investigated region has been contaminated with some heavy metals (As, Cr, Mn and Ni) which is probably linked to the used wastewater for irrigation, fertilisers and soil contamination. Overall, the local population's health might be at risk due to the combination of various metals. Therefore, strict food safety regulations are recommended for cereal crops, as well as, regular monitoring of soil contamination, water quality, application of fertilisers and pesticides in the agricultural areas in Iraqi Kurdistan.
{"title":"Heavy metals concentrations in some Kurdish rice (Oryza sativa L.) short grains cultivated in Iraqi Kurdistan region and its health risk assessment.","authors":"Othman Kareem Qadir","doi":"10.21271/zjpas.35.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21271/zjpas.35.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the current research was to evaluate the heavy metals contamination in Kurdish rice from the main rice-producing areas in Kurdistan and its health risk assessment. The Kurdish rice samples were collected from different locations and the concentration of heavy metals was measured by using Inductively Coupled Plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) was also calculated to evaluate the potential health risk assessment for the Kurdish local population through rice consumption. The mean EDI values from the rice consumption of most Kurdish rice samples were significantly higher than the safe limits set by FAO/WHO. The heavy metals were detected in the descending order Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > As > Co > Cd in the rice samples. The results demonstrate that Kurdish rice from the investigated region has been contaminated with some heavy metals (As, Cr, Mn and Ni) which is probably linked to the used wastewater for irrigation, fertilisers and soil contamination. Overall, the local population's health might be at risk due to the combination of various metals. Therefore, strict food safety regulations are recommended for cereal crops, as well as, regular monitoring of soil contamination, water quality, application of fertilisers and pesticides in the agricultural areas in Iraqi Kurdistan.","PeriodicalId":23933,"journal":{"name":"ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49500961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On copper substrates, nickel-copper (Ni-Cu) alloy films were deposited from aqueous solutions in the presence of organic additives under galvanostatic conditions.The electrodeposition process and the electrocatalytic behavior of coated thin film were investigated using cyclic voltammetry, spectroscopic and X-ray techniques.The elctrodeposition aqueous solution was composed of nickel and copper ions with some organic additives. Organic additives were added in order to enhance the surface morphology.The coating quality and surface morphology were tested using different X-ray techniques, such as EDX, SEM, and XRD. It was found that the addition of organic additives to the electrodeposition aqueous bathsreduces the deposition rate and fracture density.
{"title":"Electrodeposition of Nickel-copper alloy from aqueous solutions in the presence oforganicadditives","authors":"Hassan Hadi","doi":"10.21271/zjpas.35.3.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21271/zjpas.35.3.18","url":null,"abstract":"On copper substrates, nickel-copper (Ni-Cu) alloy films were deposited from aqueous solutions in the presence of organic additives under galvanostatic conditions.The electrodeposition process and the electrocatalytic behavior of coated thin film were investigated using cyclic voltammetry, spectroscopic and X-ray techniques.The elctrodeposition aqueous solution was composed of nickel and copper ions with some organic additives. Organic additives were added in order to enhance the surface morphology.The coating quality and surface morphology were tested using different X-ray techniques, such as EDX, SEM, and XRD. It was found that the addition of organic additives to the electrodeposition aqueous bathsreduces the deposition rate and fracture density.","PeriodicalId":23933,"journal":{"name":"ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48331980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this research, the short period binary system named (SW Lac) have been chosen to be analyzed with U,B and V light curves with the PHOEBE program .The geometrical and physical parameters have been obtained and compared with previous results of papers. The present result indicated that the selected system is over contact also the absolute parameters have been obtained with suitable results as compared with previous results of previous papers. The O’Connel effect ratio have been obtained by using the methods of integration ,summation method also compared with the exact method the results of O’Connel effect ratio with integration method and summation methods are near with the result of difference in magnitude with exact method .The roche lobe radii and bolometric magnitude have been obtained with suitable results.
{"title":"Photometric analysis of SW Lac short period binary star","authors":"Helen Zrar, Hamad Ameen, I. M. Murad","doi":"10.21271/zjpas.35.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21271/zjpas.35.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, the short period binary system named (SW Lac) have been chosen to be analyzed with U,B and V light curves with the PHOEBE program .The geometrical and physical parameters have been obtained and compared with previous results of papers. The present result indicated that the selected system is over contact also the absolute parameters have been obtained with suitable results as compared with previous results of previous papers. The O’Connel effect ratio have been obtained by using the methods of integration ,summation method also compared with the exact method the results of O’Connel effect ratio with integration method and summation methods are near with the result of difference in magnitude with exact method .The roche lobe radii and bolometric magnitude have been obtained with suitable results.","PeriodicalId":23933,"journal":{"name":"ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49226262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The average time of input water needs to recharge the groundwater basin and reach a catchment outlet, whether it follows a vertical or horizontal flow direction, is known as the mean residence time (MRT). This study aims to identify the theory concepts of estimation MRT of groundwater in a well using environmental isotope technique. For this purpose, the spatiotemporal data of oxygen-18 of precipitation in Erbil city were taken from Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP). Furthermore, a well named (HWL) in Erbil city that located at central basin of groundwater were selected. Because of δ 18 O measured as a natural tracer for estimation MRT in groundwater, the sample analyzed for isotope by using the cavity ring down spectrometer. The derivation of sine wave regression was used to measure δ 18 O variations in both precipitation and groundwater. Decreasing isotopic amplitude of δ 18 O due to the phase shift from input (precipitation) which is 5.74 ‰ to output (groundwater) to 0.277 ‰ can solve by sine wave equation to estimate MRT of groundwater in aquifer. Results showed that, by temporal response of groundwater to precipitation inputs, MRT from HWL well in Erbil city estimated was 1202 days. This concluded that groundwater spent about 1202 days for recharging HWL well.
{"title":"Estimating Mean Residence Time of Groundwater in Central Basin/Erbil using Environmental Isotopes","authors":"Bruska S. Mamand, D. Mawlood, Bruska S. Mamand","doi":"10.21271/zjpas.35.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21271/zjpas.35.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"The average time of input water needs to recharge the groundwater basin and reach a catchment outlet, whether it follows a vertical or horizontal flow direction, is known as the mean residence time (MRT). This study aims to identify the theory concepts of estimation MRT of groundwater in a well using environmental isotope technique. For this purpose, the spatiotemporal data of oxygen-18 of precipitation in Erbil city were taken from Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP). Furthermore, a well named (HWL) in Erbil city that located at central basin of groundwater were selected. Because of δ 18 O measured as a natural tracer for estimation MRT in groundwater, the sample analyzed for isotope by using the cavity ring down spectrometer. The derivation of sine wave regression was used to measure δ 18 O variations in both precipitation and groundwater. Decreasing isotopic amplitude of δ 18 O due to the phase shift from input (precipitation) which is 5.74 ‰ to output (groundwater) to 0.277 ‰ can solve by sine wave equation to estimate MRT of groundwater in aquifer. Results showed that, by temporal response of groundwater to precipitation inputs, MRT from HWL well in Erbil city estimated was 1202 days. This concluded that groundwater spent about 1202 days for recharging HWL well.","PeriodicalId":23933,"journal":{"name":"ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48272673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioremediation is a branch of biotechnology that employs the use of living organisms, like microalgae and fungi, in the removal of contaminants, pollutants, and toxins from soil, water, and other environments. The study was design to know and evaluate the efficiency of fungi to remediate two types of heavy metals (Pb and Cd), by using different concentrations (5, 15, 35, and 50ppm). Results revealed that the lowest applied dose (5ppm) of both tested heavy metals had the highest reduction percent by using two fungal stains Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were remove lead by 85.6 and 84.2%, while for cadmium were 80 and 78.4% respectively. Statistically significant differences (P≤0.05) were observed between control and the treatments for both tested heavy metals. Highest heavy metals removal was found at the end of experiment (20 days).
{"title":"Bioremediation of Heavy Metals by using Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans","authors":"M. Qader, Y. Shekha","doi":"10.21271/zjpas.35.3.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21271/zjpas.35.3.16","url":null,"abstract":"Bioremediation is a branch of biotechnology that employs the use of living organisms, like microalgae and fungi, in the removal of contaminants, pollutants, and toxins from soil, water, and other environments. The study was design to know and evaluate the efficiency of fungi to remediate two types of heavy metals (Pb and Cd), by using different concentrations (5, 15, 35, and 50ppm). Results revealed that the lowest applied dose (5ppm) of both tested heavy metals had the highest reduction percent by using two fungal stains Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were remove lead by 85.6 and 84.2%, while for cadmium were 80 and 78.4% respectively. Statistically significant differences (P≤0.05) were observed between control and the treatments for both tested heavy metals. Highest heavy metals removal was found at the end of experiment (20 days).","PeriodicalId":23933,"journal":{"name":"ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48812822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shallaw Mahdi Saleem, Hoshanc Sdeeq Rashid, Anjam Ibrahim Sulaiman Rowandizy
Background: Adjacent segment disease is a condition in which the mobile level next to the fused section degenerates as a result of increased biomechanical stress and mobility, it may be rostral, caudal, or both rostral and caudal to fused segment. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 110 patients who underwent transpedicular screw fixation of the lumbar spine between January 2011 and May 2019. Demographic data of the patients, including patient’s age, gender, symptoms, type of fixation, the extent of fixation, segments fixed, date and pathology causing first and second surgery, were taken from patients attending the outpatient department of Hawler Teaching Hospital on Mondays and Wednesdays from October 2018 to May 2021. Results: Thirty-six (32.72%) patients of 110 patients who were included in the study developed ASD. Eleven (10%) patients needed a second surgery for ASD. Conclusions: The rate of developing ASD was (32.72%) out of 110 patients who were included in our study and had transpedicular screw fixation. The rate of patients that needed a second surgery for ASD was (10%). Male gender, advanced age, floating fixation and multiple level fixation were variables that contributed to a higher rate of developing ASD. Multiple level fixation was the only variable with clinical significance. These rates in our study were comparable with the literature's stated prevalence of ASD after spinal fixation and reoperation for ASD.
{"title":"The Prevalence of Adjacent Segment Disease and Reoperation Following Transpedicular Screw Fixation of Lumbar Spine","authors":"Shallaw Mahdi Saleem, Hoshanc Sdeeq Rashid, Anjam Ibrahim Sulaiman Rowandizy","doi":"10.21271/zjpas.35.3.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21271/zjpas.35.3.23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adjacent segment disease is a condition in which the mobile level next to the fused section degenerates as a result of increased biomechanical stress and mobility, it may be rostral, caudal, or both rostral and caudal to fused segment. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 110 patients who underwent transpedicular screw fixation of the lumbar spine between January 2011 and May 2019. Demographic data of the patients, including patient’s age, gender, symptoms, type of fixation, the extent of fixation, segments fixed, date and pathology causing first and second surgery, were taken from patients attending the outpatient department of Hawler Teaching Hospital on Mondays and Wednesdays from October 2018 to May 2021. Results: Thirty-six (32.72%) patients of 110 patients who were included in the study developed ASD. Eleven (10%) patients needed a second surgery for ASD. Conclusions: The rate of developing ASD was (32.72%) out of 110 patients who were included in our study and had transpedicular screw fixation. The rate of patients that needed a second surgery for ASD was (10%). Male gender, advanced age, floating fixation and multiple level fixation were variables that contributed to a higher rate of developing ASD. Multiple level fixation was the only variable with clinical significance. These rates in our study were comparable with the literature's stated prevalence of ASD after spinal fixation and reoperation for ASD.","PeriodicalId":23933,"journal":{"name":"ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47392154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comparative study of scopolamine, D-Galactose and AlCl3-induced Alzheimer’s like disease by enhancing hippocampal neurodegeneration and memory impairment in male rats","authors":"","doi":"10.21271/zjpas.35.3.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21271/zjpas.35.3.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23933,"journal":{"name":"ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47495825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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