中华口腔医学杂志最新文献

Objective: To assess the trends in the burden of periodontal disease among individuals aged 60 years and above in China from 1990 to 2021, thereby providing a scientific foundation for the development of targeted prevention and control strategies for periodontal disease in the elderly. Methods: Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021), key indicators including incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rates were analyzed. Age-standardized rates were determined using the global standard population. Trends in the disease burden of periodontal disease among the elderly population in China from 1990 to 2021 were analyzed using Joinpoint regression analysis, and an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was applied to forecast the disease burden from 2022 to 2036. Results: The annual average percentage changes (AAPC) in the number of incident cases, prevalent cases, and DALYs due to periodontal disease among individuals aged 60 years and above in China from 1990 to 2021 were 3.215% (95%CI: 3.149%-3.281%, P<0.05), 3.161% (95%CI:3.037%-3.286%, P<0.05), and 3.091%(95%CI:2.887%-3.296%, P<0.05), respectively. The results indicated that the average annual change trends of the number of incident cases, number of prevalent cases, and number of DALYs were real upward trends. Compared with other age groups, the number of incident cases, prevalent cases, and DALYs were the highest among the population aged 60-69 years. The AAPC for age-standardized incidence rate, prevalence, and DALY rates were -0.012 (95%CI:-0.031%-0.008%, P>0.05), 0.023% (95%CI:-0.070%-0.116%, P>0.05), and 0.013% (95%CI:-0.089%-0.115%, P>0.05), respectively. This indicated that the average annual change trends of the age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized prevalence rate, and age-standardized DALY rate might be caused by random fluctuations. Males exhibited higher prevalence and DALY rates than females across all age groups (P<0.05), whereas the incidence rates showed minimal differences between males and females across all age groups. The ARIMA forecast model indicated that the age-standardized incidence rate among males in the elderly population in China was relatively stable, while that among females showed a downward trend; the age-standardized prevalence and DALY rates followed a pattern of "decline-rise-decline". Conclusions: The disease burden of periodontal disease among Chinese adults aged 60 and above showed an overall upward trend from 1990 to 2021, with males and individuals aged 60-69 identified as high-risk groups. With the exacerbation of aging, the prevention and control situation remains severe, necessitating the implementation of gender-differentiated interventions to reduce the disease burden.

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is one of the most common congenital craniofacial anomalies. The secondary malocclusion not only affects oral function but also has impacts on patients' psychological health and social adaptability. The mixed dentition stage is a critical period for maxillofacial development and early intervention in CLP patients. However, there is a lack of standards and consensus regarding orthodontic treatment for these patients during mixed dentition. To address this issue, the Chinese Stomatological Association organized experts from multiple institutions to develop the standard (T/CHSA 079-2024). This article interprets the guideline from aspects such as its development background, core content, treatment strategies, and key points, aiming to assist clinicians in better understanding and applying the guideline, thereby promoting the standardized sequential treatment of CLP in China.

To explore the effect of simulation technology in the training of flexible fiberoptic intubation for undergraduate students. The research subjects were 39 students majoring in dentistry at Air Force Medical University, including 22 males and 17 females with an average age of 20.62 years. The study subjects were randomly divided into two groups, with 19 in experimental group and 20 in control group. There were no significant differences in gender and age distribution. The experimental group used the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy to perform 5 times in endoscopic operation training module, while the control group was only familiar with flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy without simulation training. The two groups were evaluated for their skills after training. The evaluation included the duration of placing the fiberoptic bronchoscope into the airway and the time to find the target pattern. The duration of placing and finding the target pattern were compared between two groups. The Global rating scale(GRS) was used to evaluate the proficiency of positioning, operation and direction. The students gave self-confidence feedback before and after the training, and the rating was based on the Liker five-level scale. The experimental group of students had a bronchoscopy insertion time of 18.0 (18.0, 20.0) s and a target pattern search time of 20.0 (17.0, 21.0) s, both of which were significantly faster than the control group's times of 30 (36.0, 47.0) s and 39.0 (30.0, 41.0) s, respectively, P<0.001. The experimental and control groups' GRS scores for task proficiency were 3.0 (3.0, 4.0) and 3.0 (3.0, 4.0), respectively, which were substantially higher than those in the control group (2.0, 1.0, 2.0) and 2.0 (1.0, 2.0) (P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in confidence feedback between the two groups prior to training, according to the results of the trainees' feedback on operational confidence. The control group had a confidence feedback score of 2.0 (1.0, 2.0) after training, while the experimental group earned a feedback score of 3.0 (2.0, 3.0), showing a substantial gain in student confidence (P<0.001). Fiberoptic bronchoscopy intubation simulation training is excellent for novices to quickly understand this technology, increase their academic performance and confidence, and provide an effective reference for undergraduate teaching of this technology.

Gingivectomy and periodontal flap surgery are fundamental periodontal surgeries. Undergraduate students majoring in stomatology must master the basic principles of these two surgical procedures and be familiar with their key operational essentials. This article elaborates on how to conduct standardized fundamental periodontal surgery training step by step, including the significance of the two surgical methods in periodontal therapy, the scheduling and implementation strategies of surgical training, the training essentials, as well as common errors and countermeasures during the training process, providing guidance to improve the standardization of periodontal surgery in China.

The transverse discrepancy is one of the core issues of three-dimensional occlusal abnormalities, mainly manifested as the disharmony of the width of the maxillary and mandibular dental arches and basal bones. Especially maxillary transverse deficiency is a common problem in clinical practice. The diagnosis of transverse problems is crucial for the selection of treatment timing, the formulation of treatment plans, and the stability of orthodontic results. Compared with sagittal and vertical problems, the diagnostic criteria for transverse problems have not been unified, which affects the scientificity and consistency of treatment decisions. This article aims to systematically review and analyze the current status of the diagnosis of transverse problems in patients with malocclusion, covering traditional diagnostic methods, emerging digital technologies, the application prospects of artificial intelligence, as well as the challenges and progress in standardization.

With the development of virtual reality and its derived technologies such as augmented reality, mixed reality, and haptic technology, their application fields are becoming increasingly widespread. In the field of stomatology education, significant progress has also been made in the applications of virtual reality and its derived technologies. The applications of virtual reality and its derived technologies in stomatology education makes up for the shortcomings of traditional teaching methods, stimulated students' interest, improved teaching quality, presenting with unique advantages. At the same time, there are shortcomings in the applications of virtual reality and its derived technologies in stomatology education. With the further improvement of the curriculum system and teaching process, as well as the integration with technologies such as big data, 5G networks, and artificial intelligence, virtual reality and its derivative technologies will provide students with more realistic teaching effects, which are more suitable for stomatology education. This article introduces the applications, advantages and disadvantages of virtual reality and its derivative technologies in stomatology education, and discusses their future development.

In recent years, with the popularization of early orthodontic treatment, maxillary arch expansion, as one of the most classical and commonly used treatment methods, has gradually become a focus of attention for both dental practitioners and parents of children. The efficacy of early orthodontic arch expansion treatment in improving children's dentofacial deformities depends not only on the adopted arch expansion program but also on multiple factors such as genetic factors, growth and development, tooth replacement, and the environment. This places high demands on the orthodontist's professional theoretical knowledge and clinical experience. Insufficient knowledge of the relevant principles may lead to misunderstandings in clinical practice, such as poor control of the indications, over-exaggeration of orthodontic effects, inappropriate timing of intervention, and lack of personalization of the arch expansion program. Combining relevant literature and clinical experience, this article summarizes the principles, common methods, timing, indications, and clinical applications of early orthodontic maxillary arch expansion. It also highlights common pitfalls, aiming to standardize early orthodontic arch expansion treatment and provide a strong foundation for the healthy development of children's teeth and jaws.

Periodontal disease is a chronic infectious condition mediated by dental plaque biofilms, characterized by the destruction of soft and hard tissues. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of porous materials formed through the self-assembly of metal ions and organic ligands via coordination bonds, exhibit high specific surface areas, tunable pore structures, and multifunctionality. In recent years, MOFs have gained significant attentions in biomedical applications and show potential for periodontal therapy. This article reviews the latest research advances in MOFs for antibacterial therapy, drug delivery, and tissue regeneration, systematically analyzes their mechanisms, application potential, and translational challenges, and furtherly discusses future directions in the era of precision medicine.