This study aimed to evaluate the autochthonous bacterial strains of intestinal origin from the Labeo catla for their prospective use as probiotic. COFAHE_Pro08 and COFAHE_Pro06 were selected (out of 31 bacteria strains) for their potent antimicrobial activity against pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7965. The Pro08 and Pro06 strains were identified as Bacillus pumilus and Lysinibacillus macroides, respectively, by 16S rRNA sequencing. The Pro08 showed a high multi-specific antibiosis efficiency score and a high spectrum of antibacterial activity. The Pro08 showed more pH and bile tolerance than the Pro06. In the in vitro adhesion study, Pro06 exhibited more cell-surface hydrophobicity while Pro08 showed a better capability of auto and co-aggregation along with biofilm-forming ability. The Pro08 significantly adhered to mucosal-surfaces. The Pro08 showed positive protease, amylase, lipase, and cellulase activity, the Pro06 was positive only for lipase activity. The radical-scavenging activity was significantly higher in Pro08 than Pro06. The Pro06 was resistant to oxacillin antibiotics, while pro08 was susceptible to all the tested antibiotics. Both strains were non-haemolytic and were non-toxic to fish embryos. No mortality or clinical-signs were observed during the challenged study in L. catla. B. pumilus exhibited better probiotic attributes than L. macrolides for a novel application in aquaculture.
{"title":"Probiotic Potential of Bacillus pumilus COFAHE_Pro08 and Lysinibacillus macroides COFAHE_Pro06 Isolated from the Intestine of Labeo catla","authors":"Wangkheimayum Malemnganbi Devi, Surajkumar Irungbam, Monalisha Kumar, Tanmoy Gon Choudhury, Dibyendu Kamilya","doi":"10.4194/trjfas24144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4194/trjfas24144","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the autochthonous bacterial strains of intestinal origin from the Labeo catla for their prospective use as probiotic. COFAHE_Pro08 and COFAHE_Pro06 were selected (out of 31 bacteria strains) for their potent antimicrobial activity against pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7965. The Pro08 and Pro06 strains were identified as Bacillus pumilus and Lysinibacillus macroides, respectively, by 16S rRNA sequencing. The Pro08 showed a high multi-specific antibiosis efficiency score and a high spectrum of antibacterial activity. The Pro08 showed more pH and bile tolerance than the Pro06. In the in vitro adhesion study, Pro06 exhibited more cell-surface hydrophobicity while Pro08 showed a better capability of auto and co-aggregation along with biofilm-forming ability. The Pro08 significantly adhered to mucosal-surfaces. The Pro08 showed positive protease, amylase, lipase, and cellulase activity, the Pro06 was positive only for lipase activity. The radical-scavenging activity was significantly higher in Pro08 than Pro06. The Pro06 was resistant to oxacillin antibiotics, while pro08 was susceptible to all the tested antibiotics. Both strains were non-haemolytic and were non-toxic to fish embryos. No mortality or clinical-signs were observed during the challenged study in L. catla. B. pumilus exhibited better probiotic attributes than L. macrolides for a novel application in aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":23978,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135492503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mustafa Uygun, Muammer Kursat Firat, Onurkan Antepli, Fevziye Nihan Bulat, Muge Aliye Hekimoglu, Muhammet Kursat Bagci, Fatih Gulec, Cuneyt Suzer, Ibrahim Kose, Sahin Saka, Berna Kilinç
The present study was planned with the aim of inactivating the total bacterial load and species in tilapia fish tanks kept in fresh and seawater conditions with high stock density with different UV lamp models. In this context, the UVC+UVA-Led lamp system was compared with the conventional UVC lamp system and the total bacterial load in the tanks and the inactivation effect on the bacterial species were determined. Total bacterial load on the medium and bacteria species were identified in terms of their morphological characteristics using the spread plate method. Bacteria that emerged at different times in the trial sets were identified as Edwardsiella tarda, Salmonella sp., Aeromonas hydrophila, Pantoea sp., Citrobacter youngae, Serratia ficaria and Citrobacter freundii. The total bacterial load in both freshwater and seawater environments in both lamp groups showed a decrease compared to the control group. With this, the conventional lamp model was more effective on the total bacterial load in the samples taken during the trial. Although all bacteria were inactive in both lamp groups, Serratia ficaria bacteria were not eliminated in the seawater environment. The results show that UV LEDs can be a better alternative to traditional UV mercury lamps for water disinfection.
{"title":"The Water Disinfection with Different Type UV Lamp Systems on Bacterial Load in Small Scale Recirculating Aquaculture Systems","authors":"Mustafa Uygun, Muammer Kursat Firat, Onurkan Antepli, Fevziye Nihan Bulat, Muge Aliye Hekimoglu, Muhammet Kursat Bagci, Fatih Gulec, Cuneyt Suzer, Ibrahim Kose, Sahin Saka, Berna Kilinç","doi":"10.4194/23785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4194/23785","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was planned with the aim of inactivating the total bacterial load and species in tilapia fish tanks kept in fresh and seawater conditions with high stock density with different UV lamp models. In this context, the UVC+UVA-Led lamp system was compared with the conventional UVC lamp system and the total bacterial load in the tanks and the inactivation effect on the bacterial species were determined. Total bacterial load on the medium and bacteria species were identified in terms of their morphological characteristics using the spread plate method. Bacteria that emerged at different times in the trial sets were identified as Edwardsiella tarda, Salmonella sp., Aeromonas hydrophila, Pantoea sp., Citrobacter youngae, Serratia ficaria and Citrobacter freundii. The total bacterial load in both freshwater and seawater environments in both lamp groups showed a decrease compared to the control group. With this, the conventional lamp model was more effective on the total bacterial load in the samples taken during the trial. Although all bacteria were inactive in both lamp groups, Serratia ficaria bacteria were not eliminated in the seawater environment. The results show that UV LEDs can be a better alternative to traditional UV mercury lamps for water disinfection.","PeriodicalId":23978,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135745936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Djikanović, S. Skorić, B. Mićković, Dušan Nikolić
The stomach content of 277 Amur sleeper individuals has been analyzed to present its feeding habits. Fish were sampled using electrofishing from July to November 2017 in the Danube River drainage channel near Veliko Gradište (Serbia). Fish age was estimated by otoliths examination. Ingested prey organisms were identified to the lowest reliable taxonomic level. The biotic indices: vacuity index (VI), frequency of occurrence (F), abundance (Cn), index of importance (PV), Shannon`s diversity index (H`), and equitability index (Eh) were calculated. A total of 18 prey categories and 1144 individual prey were identified in the fish diet, dominantly aquatic macroinvertebrates. There were no significant difference in diet composition between sampling months as well as 0+, 1+, and 2+ age groups (both 3+ and 4+ had one individual). Only eight individuals were found with empty intestines, thus VI was low (2.9). In average, each fish had 4.1 prey items in their intestines. For whole sample, H′ was 1.84 and Eh was 0.64. Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, and Gastropoda were the most frequent, dominant, and abundant. The greatest diversity of prey items was recorded for fish sampled in October as well as for 2+ individuals, and the lowest for fish from August and 0+ individuals.
{"title":"Diet Analysis of the Amur Sleeper (Perccottus glenii) from the Danube River Drainage Channel (Serbia)","authors":"V. Djikanović, S. Skorić, B. Mićković, Dušan Nikolić","doi":"10.4194/trjfas22854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4194/trjfas22854","url":null,"abstract":"The stomach content of 277 Amur sleeper individuals has been analyzed to present its feeding habits. Fish were sampled using electrofishing from July to November 2017 in the Danube River drainage channel near Veliko Gradište (Serbia). Fish age was estimated by otoliths examination. Ingested prey organisms were identified to the lowest reliable taxonomic level. The biotic indices: vacuity index (VI), frequency of occurrence (F), abundance (Cn), index of importance (PV), Shannon`s diversity index (H`), and equitability index (Eh) were calculated. A total of 18 prey categories and 1144 individual prey were identified in the fish diet, dominantly aquatic macroinvertebrates. There were no significant difference in diet composition between sampling months as well as 0+, 1+, and 2+ age groups (both 3+ and 4+ had one individual). Only eight individuals were found with empty intestines, thus VI was low (2.9). In average, each fish had 4.1 prey items in their intestines. For whole sample, H′ was 1.84 and Eh was 0.64. Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, and Gastropoda were the most frequent, dominant, and abundant. The greatest diversity of prey items was recorded for fish sampled in October as well as for 2+ individuals, and the lowest for fish from August and 0+ individuals.","PeriodicalId":23978,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47181836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fish antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small molecular peptides with biological activity that play an important role in the fish immune system. They not only have broad-spectrum activity against a variety of viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, and cancer cells but also show immunomodulatory activity in different fish. However, the defects of natural fish AMPs, such as their high hemolytic activity and low stability, hinder their application. Therefore, many scientists have tried to optimize the sequence and structure of fish AMPs to meet actual clinical needs. In addition, as the most promising alternative to antibiotics, fish AMPs have good application prospects in animal husbandry, food, biomedicine, and other fields. Many fish AMPs are being researched and developed by scholars around the world. This paper summarizes literature reports regarding the classification of antibacterial peptides and their biological functions and applications, emphasizing their transformation and optimization and the latest research progress to provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of antibacterial peptides as well as technical support for the production of related products.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Peptides from fish: Main Forces for Reducing and Substituting Antibiotics","authors":"Lei Wang, Ting Qin, Yuxin Zhang, Huihui Zhang, Jianhe Hu, Likun Cheng, Xiaojing Xia","doi":"10.4194/trjfas23922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4194/trjfas23922","url":null,"abstract":"Fish antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small molecular peptides with biological activity that play an important role in the fish immune system. They not only have broad-spectrum activity against a variety of viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, and cancer cells but also show immunomodulatory activity in different fish. However, the defects of natural fish AMPs, such as their high hemolytic activity and low stability, hinder their application. Therefore, many scientists have tried to optimize the sequence and structure of fish AMPs to meet actual clinical needs. In addition, as the most promising alternative to antibiotics, fish AMPs have good application prospects in animal husbandry, food, biomedicine, and other fields. Many fish AMPs are being researched and developed by scholars around the world. This paper summarizes literature reports regarding the classification of antibacterial peptides and their biological functions and applications, emphasizing their transformation and optimization and the latest research progress to provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of antibacterial peptides as well as technical support for the production of related products.","PeriodicalId":23978,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Serdar Tombul, Emre Tukenmez, Murat Oksuz, Husne Altiok
Forecasting of the tracks of drifting objects in the sea is a complicated process due to the effects of many phenomena such currents and wind. In this research, the problem is solved with model data and a basic approach. In this approach, we apply an iterative method based on surface current and wind data to predict the trajectories of possible drifting objects in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. The main surface current circulation has a cyclonic nature, and its impact on the routes of drifting objects is clearly seen. The results of the study are useful for predicting the trajectories of drifting objects and the proposed method and calculations can be roughly used for drifting trajectory prediction. The advantage of this method is that it is user-friendly and provides many tracks in a minute. The biggest uncertainty in this work is obtaining accurate information about where and when the object started to drift.
{"title":"Predicting the Trajectories of Drifting Objects in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea","authors":"Serdar Tombul, Emre Tukenmez, Murat Oksuz, Husne Altiok","doi":"10.4194/trjfas23787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4194/trjfas23787","url":null,"abstract":"Forecasting of the tracks of drifting objects in the sea is a complicated process due to the effects of many phenomena such currents and wind. In this research, the problem is solved with model data and a basic approach. In this approach, we apply an iterative method based on surface current and wind data to predict the trajectories of possible drifting objects in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. The main surface current circulation has a cyclonic nature, and its impact on the routes of drifting objects is clearly seen. The results of the study are useful for predicting the trajectories of drifting objects and the proposed method and calculations can be roughly used for drifting trajectory prediction. The advantage of this method is that it is user-friendly and provides many tracks in a minute. The biggest uncertainty in this work is obtaining accurate information about where and when the object started to drift.","PeriodicalId":23978,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Krishna Jangpangi, A. Khati, R. S. Chauhan, Rajesh Rajesh, Dr. Neelesh Kumar
The various properties of Urtica dioica (Stinging nettle) supplemented feeds were evaluated in amur carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus). Four iso-protein and iso-energy diets were prepared by using different dietary levels of U. dioica i.e., 0.5 g (T1), 0.75 g (T2), and 1.0 g/kg (T3) respectively, and the treatment TC (control) consist of the basal diet with 0% of U. dioica. The phytochemical analyses of U. dioica revealed the presence of flavonoids (25.39 μg/mL), alkaloids (30.21 μg/mL), tannin (2.97 μg/mL), terpenoid (6.15 μg/mL), glycosides (10.12 μg/mL), phenolic (25.16 μg/mL) and saponin was absent. The best result of growth parameters such as net weight gain (415±0.55 g), net length gain (4.20±0.04 cm), weight gain percent (85.65±0.40%), specific growth rate (0.30±0.01%), gross conversion efficiency (0.229±0.01%), feed conversion ratio (4.37±0.13) and condition factor (1.53±0.01) were recorded in treatment T3 in comparison with the other treatments. No mortality was observed in all the treatments resulting in a 100% survival rate. The haematological parameters (like haemoglobin level, total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, etc.) and serum biochemical parameters (including total serum protein, albumin, and globulin) showed better results in treatment T3.
研究了刺荨麻添加饲料在鲢鱼(Cyprinus carpio haematopterus)中的各项性能。采用不同水平的薯蓣饲粮，分别为0.5 g (T1)、0.75 g (T2)和1.0 g/kg (T3)，配制4种等蛋白和等能饲粮，对照TC为基础饲粮中添加0%薯蓣。植物化学分析显示，不含黄酮类化合物(25.39 μg/mL)、生物碱(30.21 μg/mL)、单宁(2.97 μg/mL)、萜类化合物(6.15 μg/mL)、苷类化合物(10.12 μg/mL)、酚类化合物(25.16 μg/mL)和皂苷。T3处理的净增重(415±0.55 g)、净长增重(4.20±0.04 cm)、增重率(85.65±0.40%)、特定生长率(0.30±0.01%)、总转化效率(0.229±0.01%)、饲料系数(4.37±0.13)和条件因子(1.53±0.01)均优于其他处理。所有治疗均无死亡，生存率为100%。血液学参数(如血红蛋白水平、总红细胞计数、总白细胞计数等)和血清生化参数(包括血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白)在T3治疗时效果较好。
{"title":"Assessment of the Haematological and Biochemical Effects of Himalayan Herb Urtica dioica Leaves Diets Fed Amur Carp, Cyprinus carpio haematopterus","authors":"Krishna Jangpangi, A. Khati, R. S. Chauhan, Rajesh Rajesh, Dr. Neelesh Kumar","doi":"10.4194/trjfas23854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4194/trjfas23854","url":null,"abstract":"The various properties of Urtica dioica (Stinging nettle) supplemented feeds were evaluated in amur carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus). Four iso-protein and iso-energy diets were prepared by using different dietary levels of U. dioica i.e., 0.5 g (T1), 0.75 g (T2), and 1.0 g/kg (T3) respectively, and the treatment TC (control) consist of the basal diet with 0% of U. dioica. The phytochemical analyses of U. dioica revealed the presence of flavonoids (25.39 μg/mL), alkaloids (30.21 μg/mL), tannin (2.97 μg/mL), terpenoid (6.15 μg/mL), glycosides (10.12 μg/mL), phenolic (25.16 μg/mL) and saponin was absent. The best result of growth parameters such as net weight gain (415±0.55 g), net length gain (4.20±0.04 cm), weight gain percent (85.65±0.40%), specific growth rate (0.30±0.01%), gross conversion efficiency (0.229±0.01%), feed conversion ratio (4.37±0.13) and condition factor (1.53±0.01) were recorded in treatment T3 in comparison with the other treatments. No mortality was observed in all the treatments resulting in a 100% survival rate. The haematological parameters (like haemoglobin level, total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, etc.) and serum biochemical parameters (including total serum protein, albumin, and globulin) showed better results in treatment T3.","PeriodicalId":23978,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44313220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rehydration is a critical factor in the processing and consumption of dried food products. This study investigated the kinetics of microwave drying and rehydration of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) in the range of 140 - 350 W power levels and 20 - 40°C temperatures, respectively. The drying data were utilized to calculate effective diffusivity coefficients (Deff) and activation energy (EA), while rehydration rates and time were also determined. Mathematical modeling was employed to describe the drying and rehydration processes, and the performance of different models was evaluated. The drying process took between 13 - 4.5 minutes, while rehydration was concluded within 360 - 480 minutes. The Deff values ranged from 1.22 - 3.91×10-7 m2/s, and the EA was calculated as 11.417 kW/kg. Rehydration rates resulted in 0.000061 - 0.000126 g/g×min at the highest 40°C and 0.000018 - 0.000032 g/g×min at the lowest 20°C. The drying and rehydration processes were best described by the Alibas model among 11 models and the Two-Term Exponential model among 2 models, respectively. Overall, this study aims to provide valuable insights into the kinetics of microwave drying and rehydration of blue mussels, which can help optimize the processing and preservation of dried food products before consumption.
{"title":"Drying and Rehydration Characteristics of Microwave Dried Mytilus edulis","authors":"Sema Sevim, Zehra Ozden Ozyalcin, A. Kipcak","doi":"10.4194/trjfas23601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4194/trjfas23601","url":null,"abstract":"Rehydration is a critical factor in the processing and consumption of dried food products. This study investigated the kinetics of microwave drying and rehydration of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) in the range of 140 - 350 W power levels and 20 - 40°C temperatures, respectively. The drying data were utilized to calculate effective diffusivity coefficients (Deff) and activation energy (EA), while rehydration rates and time were also determined. Mathematical modeling was employed to describe the drying and rehydration processes, and the performance of different models was evaluated. The drying process took between 13 - 4.5 minutes, while rehydration was concluded within 360 - 480 minutes. The Deff values ranged from 1.22 - 3.91×10-7 m2/s, and the EA was calculated as 11.417 kW/kg. Rehydration rates resulted in 0.000061 - 0.000126 g/g×min at the highest 40°C and 0.000018 - 0.000032 g/g×min at the lowest 20°C. The drying and rehydration processes were best described by the Alibas model among 11 models and the Two-Term Exponential model among 2 models, respectively. Overall, this study aims to provide valuable insights into the kinetics of microwave drying and rehydration of blue mussels, which can help optimize the processing and preservation of dried food products before consumption.","PeriodicalId":23978,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49345887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khurshid Ahmed Baloch, Umesh Patil, A. F. Yeşilsu, S. Benjakul
Lipase, from crude extract of fish viscera including liver, is highly contaminated with other hydrolytic enzymes such as proteases that would cause severe degradation of native collagen during defatting. Asian seabass liver lipase was therefore subjected to fractionation with the aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) to remove proteases from lipase. ATPS was carried out using various salts and polyethylene glycol (PEG) having various molecular weights at different concentrations. The concentration of 20% ammonium sulfate (w/v) and 50% PEG-6000 (w/w) could reduce protease by 85%. Lipase-rich fraction showed a specific activity of 68 U/mg protein, purification fold of 9, selectivity of 167, and yield of 48%. When pulse electric field (PEF) was treated Asian seabass fish skin was defatted, and the acid-soluble collagen was extracted and characterized. The ATPS fractionated lipase could remove more than 92% of lipid contents. Polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were mainly eliminated. The extracted collagen from defatted skin showed typical type Ⅰ collagen with negligible degradation. FTIR spectra substantiated the presence of amide groups in resulting skin collagen. Thus, the fractionation of Asian seabass liver crude extract with ATPS could significantly remove the contaminated proteases. The obtained fraction could be used to defat Asian seabass skin without drastic damage to the extracted native collagen.
{"title":"Characteristics and Application of Lipase from Asian Seabass Liver Fractionated Using Aqueous Two-phase Partition Technique for Defatting Fish Skin before Collagen Extraction","authors":"Khurshid Ahmed Baloch, Umesh Patil, A. F. Yeşilsu, S. Benjakul","doi":"10.4194/trjfas24000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4194/trjfas24000","url":null,"abstract":"Lipase, from crude extract of fish viscera including liver, is highly contaminated with other hydrolytic enzymes such as proteases that would cause severe degradation of native collagen during defatting. Asian seabass liver lipase was therefore subjected to fractionation with the aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) to remove proteases from lipase. ATPS was carried out using various salts and polyethylene glycol (PEG) having various molecular weights at different concentrations. The concentration of 20% ammonium sulfate (w/v) and 50% PEG-6000 (w/w) could reduce protease by 85%. Lipase-rich fraction showed a specific activity of 68 U/mg protein, purification fold of 9, selectivity of 167, and yield of 48%. When pulse electric field (PEF) was treated Asian seabass fish skin was defatted, and the acid-soluble collagen was extracted and characterized. The ATPS fractionated lipase could remove more than 92% of lipid contents. Polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were mainly eliminated. The extracted collagen from defatted skin showed typical type Ⅰ collagen with negligible degradation. FTIR spectra substantiated the presence of amide groups in resulting skin collagen. Thus, the fractionation of Asian seabass liver crude extract with ATPS could significantly remove the contaminated proteases. The obtained fraction could be used to defat Asian seabass skin without drastic damage to the extracted native collagen.","PeriodicalId":23978,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43721774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in food production systems is regarded as a major threat to public health and nutrition security. Due to the potential for horizontal gene transfer, AMR in aquaculture might eventually spread to clinically important strains found in the environment, thereby affecting human health and the whole ecosystem. It is essential to comprehend the mechanisms driving AMR in aquaculture, including plasmids, integrons, and gene cassettes, to develop AMR risk management strategies. This review article presents an in-depth analysis of AMR in aquaculture and potential risks it presents to public health and the environment. The review provides a comprehensive understanding of the complexities of AMR by delving into the molecular and genetic factors that contribute to its spread. It also highlights the antibiotic usage pattern in different countries. The article also elaborates on alternative strategies that can be adopted to prevent and control fish diseases without negatively impacting the environment. This understanding may aid in the development of plans aimed at halting the spread of AMR and safeguarding public health. The various alternative approaches discussed in the review can offer potential solutions for controlling fish diseases in a manner that is both effective and environmentally safe for ecosystems and public health.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and Alternative Strategies for Combating AMR in Aquaculture","authors":"R. A. Bhat, I. Altinok","doi":"10.4194/trjfas24068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4194/trjfas24068","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in food production systems is regarded as a major threat to public health and nutrition security. Due to the potential for horizontal gene transfer, AMR in aquaculture might eventually spread to clinically important strains found in the environment, thereby affecting human health and the whole ecosystem. It is essential to comprehend the mechanisms driving AMR in aquaculture, including plasmids, integrons, and gene cassettes, to develop AMR risk management strategies. This review article presents an in-depth analysis of AMR in aquaculture and potential risks it presents to public health and the environment. The review provides a comprehensive understanding of the complexities of AMR by delving into the molecular and genetic factors that contribute to its spread. It also highlights the antibiotic usage pattern in different countries. The article also elaborates on alternative strategies that can be adopted to prevent and control fish diseases without negatively impacting the environment. This understanding may aid in the development of plans aimed at halting the spread of AMR and safeguarding public health. The various alternative approaches discussed in the review can offer potential solutions for controlling fish diseases in a manner that is both effective and environmentally safe for ecosystems and public health.","PeriodicalId":23978,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49282707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microalgae became an attractive source of high value compounds such as fatty acids, carotenoids and other nutrients in recent years. In a previous study, the characterization of a novel thermo-tolerant freshwater microalga, Scenedesmus sp. ME02 with high phenolic content, particularly rich in flavonoids was done. Here, two different approaches are reported to increase the efficiency of the growth parameters of this strain. Firstly, the effects of phosphorus (P) depletion on biomass and lipid characteristics of Scenedesmus sp. ME02 were investigated. Although, P depletion resulted in a slight reduction in biomass productivity of microalgae and had a minimal effect on the lipid content and productivity; fatty acid methyl ester profile changed substantially. Particularly, percent oleic acid (18:1) increased by more than two-fold, whereas percent linolelaidic acid (C18:2n6t) and linolenic acid (C18:3n6) decreased significantly when cells were switched from P-replete (control) to P-deplete conditions. Overall, the polyunsaturated fatty acid content was significantly reduced. Secondly, stable genetic transformation conditions for Scenedesmus sp. ME02 via electroporation were optimized using two different transformation vectors. GFP gene expression was detected in colonies transformed with both vectors by RT-PCR. GFP protein expression was detected in the transgenic lines one year after initial transformation by confocal microscopy.
{"title":"Establishment of Stable Genetic Transformation Conditions for Novel Thermotolerant Scenedesmus sp. (Chlorophyta)","authors":"Dilan Akin, Cagla Sonmez, Meral Yucel, H. Oktem","doi":"10.4194/trjfas23044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4194/trjfas23044","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgae became an attractive source of high value compounds such as fatty acids, carotenoids and other nutrients in recent years. In a previous study, the characterization of a novel thermo-tolerant freshwater microalga, Scenedesmus sp. ME02 with high phenolic content, particularly rich in flavonoids was done. Here, two different approaches are reported to increase the efficiency of the growth parameters of this strain. Firstly, the effects of phosphorus (P) depletion on biomass and lipid characteristics of Scenedesmus sp. ME02 were investigated. Although, P depletion resulted in a slight reduction in biomass productivity of microalgae and had a minimal effect on the lipid content and productivity; fatty acid methyl ester profile changed substantially. Particularly, percent oleic acid (18:1) increased by more than two-fold, whereas percent linolelaidic acid (C18:2n6t) and linolenic acid (C18:3n6) decreased significantly when cells were switched from P-replete (control) to P-deplete conditions. Overall, the polyunsaturated fatty acid content was significantly reduced. Secondly, stable genetic transformation conditions for Scenedesmus sp. ME02 via electroporation were optimized using two different transformation vectors. GFP gene expression was detected in colonies transformed with both vectors by RT-PCR. GFP protein expression was detected in the transgenic lines one year after initial transformation by confocal microscopy.","PeriodicalId":23978,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46855581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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