Veterinary Research Forum最新文献

Surgery commonly causes post-operative pain that should be alleviated to prevent complications. In addition to the use of synthetic drugs, there has been a widespread desire to use medicinal plants for surgical pain management. Thymoquinone (TQ), a constituent of Nigella sativa black seeds, exhibits a potent anti-oxidant property. Celecoxib (CLX), a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is widely used in pain management. In the present study, the effects of TQ and CLX on pain caused by hind paw surgical incision were compared. Fifty-six rats were divided into four groups of 14 rats as intact, vehicle, TQ, and CLX groups. In each group, six rats were planned to record pain-related behaviors on days 1 - 10 and eight rats were designed for determination of serum biochemical alterations on days 1 (four rats) and 3 (four rats) after surgery. Oral administrations of TQ and CLX at a same dose of 10.00 mg kg^-1 alleviated paw lifting number (spontaneous pain) and paw withdrawal threshold evoked by von Frey filaments on metal mesh floor, improved the decreased contents of serum total anti-oxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase, and restored the increased levels of serum malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The results suggested that TQ by employing anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, might relieve the pain induced by hind paw plantar incision, being comparable with CLX.

Avian Salmonellosis impacts the economy and public health, with chicken products being a major cause of gastroenteritis. Hygiene, immunization and medicines are all used as control techniques. Bacteriophages provide a safe, targeted alternative. In the present study in vitro evaluation of bacteriophages were done against Salmonella typhimurium. Lytic effect of bacteriophages isolated from poultry sludge was checked on culture of S. typhimurium. Stability study was checked at range of temperature and pH. The phages were stable at temperature (30.00 - 50.00 ˚C) and pH (5.00 - 9.00) where best activity was seen at 37.00 ˚C and pH 7.00. In vitro lytic activity was done at (optical density 600 nm) after exposure to bacterial host at different intervals. Multiplicity of Infection of 1.00 was used to check lytic activity of phages which indicated phages were potent enough to infect bacterial cells within their growth cycle. The percentage of unadsorbed phages was determined by bar chart analysis. The genome of three phages was treated with DNase I where they all were sensitive. Later the nucleic acid of phages was digested by restriction endonucleases (EcoRI and HindIII) both of the enzymes produced various restriction sites with different band. The present study proved that the application of bacteriophages in vitro into bacterial system i.e., S. typhimurium was an attractive method in diminishing infection in commercial poultry thus providing exceptional results that could be used on a large scale.

The aim of this study was to using purified chicken antibody (IgY) for developing solid phase competitive (SPC) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) A serotype. After immunization of chickens, polyclonal immunoglobulin (IgY) antibodies were extracted and purified from egg yolk and yield was about 5.00 mg mL^-1 of yolk as well as near 0.40 mg mL^-1 of specific IgY antibody against FMDV serotype A. Also, optimized sucrose density gradient method produced 228 µg mL^-1 whole virus which is much higher than that of the conventional method of sucrose density gradient method. The optimum concentration of purified capture IgY and bind type A antigen were 0.50 µg and 0.10 µg per well, respectively. The OD values < 0.70 were considered positive, and values ≥ 0.70 were negative for in-house kit base on standard controls. Statistical analysis base on 80 serum samples showed the 96.66% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, 90.90% negative predictive value, 97.50% accuracy, and 98.33% reliability for serum samples for two commercial and in-house kits. The SPCE developed based on IgY antibody is a suitable alternative for the detection of antibodies after vaccination against type A FMDV with high sensitivity and specificity. The present research demonstrated the possibility of commercial development of the SPCE kit using IgY antibodies for the detection of FMDV antibodies in serum samples with adequate sensitivity and accuracy.

Understanding spinopelvic parameters is crucial for diagnosing skeletal and muscular disorders. This study was the first to measure spinopelvic parameters, specifically pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT) and sacral slope (SS) in Scottish cats using computed tomography (CT). the research analyzed twelve Scottish cats (4.00 - 6.00 kg, 2 - 3 years old). The mean values obtained were 48.80° for PI, 26.00° for PT and 22.80° for SS. The PI = PT + SS equation was valid in healthy cats but failed in cases with spondylosis and pelvic fractures indicating its potential diagnostic utility. Pearson correlation analysis showed no significant relationship between PI and PT or PI and SS, however, a significant negative correlation between PT and SS was observed. This suggested that as PT increased, SS decreased. The study established baseline values for PI, PT, and SS in Scottish cats and highlighted the potential for using these parameters in feline diagnostics. The failure of the PI = PT + SS equation in pathological cases underscored its role in identifying specific conditions such as spondylosis and pelvic fractures. This foundational data was crucial for assessing spinopelvic alignment and diagnosing spinal disorders in cats. The findings suggested that deviations from baseline values could aid in diagnosing musculoskeletal disorders, optimizing treatment and preventing complications. Further research is needed to explore how variations in these parameters relate to different spinal conditions.

Porcine respiratory disease complex is a clinically lethal condition and is the leading cause of mortality in weaned piglets as well as growing and fattening pigs. Pasteurella multocida (Pm) and Streptococcus suis (SS) are common respiratory pathogens in porcine respiratory disease complex. This study combined the recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) technique with the lateral flow dipstick (LFD) technique. The dual Basic-RPA detection method for Pm and SS and the dual RPA-LFD rapid visualization detection method for Pm and SS were constructed, respectively. The detection limit of RPA-LFD was 10^-6 ng μL^-1, which was higher than the detection limit of RPA at 10^-5 ng μL^-1 and much higher than the detection limit of polymerase chain reaction at 10^-4 ng μL^-1. There was no cross-reactivity with other pathogens which indicated that the method had good specificity and high sensitivity. The detection rate of RPA-LFD was much higher than that of conventional Polymerase chain reaction in 60 clinical samples collected in 2023 with suspected Pm and SS. This method could avoid the complicated temperature cycling instruments and does not require professional laboratory skills, which makes it suitable for on-site detection.

The natural polymer poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is converted to β-hydroxybutyric acid, which is similar to short-chain fatty acids, via microbial fermentation and host enzyme breakdown. This study investigated the impact of different PHB concentrations (Control, 1.00, 3.00, and 5.00% substitution) on growth performances and fish welfare in common carp fingerlings. After a 60-day trial, fish fed on diet containing 1.00% PHB exhibited significantly higher weight gain and improved feed conversion efficiency compared to the control group. Furthermore, analysis of enzymatic activity showed elevated levels of total protease and amylase in PHB-fed treatments compared to the control. Red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels remained unaffected and a significant increase in white blood cell count was observed in fish fed on diets containing 1.00 and 3.00% PHB compared to the control group. Furthermore, fish fed on diets containing 1.00 and 3.00% PHB demonstrated significantly higher total protein levels and lower glucose concentrations as well as reduced hepatic enzyme activities (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) compared to both the control and 5.00% PHB groups. Assessment of antioxidant and immune parameters revealed significantly increased complement hemolytic activity and immunoglobulin M levels coupled with decreased malondialdehyde concentrations in the plasma of PHB-fed fish compared to the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with PHB, especially at the 1.00% level, enhanced growth performance and improved nutritional and health indicators in the fingerlings. These findings suggested that PHB had the potential to be a valuable dietary additive for this species.

During the fifth month of 2024, many outbreaks of the avian influenza virus occurred in Vietnam, during which the first human infected with avian influenza A (H5N1) was reported. Therefore, influenza control strategies including vaccine production are necessary for poultry and improving the number of candidate vaccine viruses that do not replicate well in eggs for vaccine production. We previously reported that the ST-2009 virus had a negative propagation capacity in eggs. Chimeric neuraminidase (NA) genes were generated by replacing the 5' and 3' packaging signals of PR8 A/PR/8/34 strain with the coding region of the NA genes of ST-2009. Compared to those of the control, the new viruses containing chimeric NA genes exhibited significantly greater hemagglutination titers in embryonated chicken eggs. This study showed that the packaging efficiency of new viruses containing chimeric NA and replacing chimeric NAs improved the hemagglutination titer of viruses that were unable to propagate in eggs.

Pseudorabies (PR), an infectious disease caused by PR virus (PRV), has had a significant impact the development of the swine industry in China. Moreover, the public threat posed by PRV has raised widespread concern, with over 30 documented cases of PRV infection in humans in China. Various vaccines have been developed to prevent and control PR in China, primarily including inactivated vaccines and attenuated live vaccines. However, the extensive use of attenuated live vaccines and the presence of the field PRV strain in pig farm may increase the likelihood of recombination. In this study, we isolated a PRV variant strain (designated HuN-YY) from a piglet that had been immunized with the HB-98 vaccine strain in Hunan province and explored its genetic and biological features. The results showed that the gE, TK and gD genes of HuN-YY exhibited the highest sequence similarity with those of PRV variants, while the gC gene showed high homology with classical PRV strains. In addition, HuN-YY strain exhibited similar replication features compared to those of HB-98 and variant strains. Its pathogenesis in a mouse model was significantly lower than that of the variant strain. Collectively, these results provide clear evidence of genomic recombination of the HuN-YY strain, which will offer guidance for the future prevention and control of PR.

The Iraqi indigenous chicken (IIC) is a native breed known for its remarkable ability to thrive in harsh environments. However, the primary challenge with this breed is its lower productivity levels especially when compared to commercial strains. This study evaluated the performance of 120 layers of IIC in comparison with an equal number of Hy-Line W-80 layers across multiple traits including feed efficiency (FE), feed conversion ratio (FCR), daily feed intake (DFI), egg mass (EM) and total egg number (EN) production. Over a period spanning four consecutive weeks intervals significant differences were observed between the two lines across all measured parameters. Hy-Line W-80 consistently exhibited superior FE, with values ranging from 0.49 to 0.54 compared to IIC values that ranged from 0.23 to 0.26. Similarly, Hy-Line W-80 demonstrated lower FCR values ranging from 1.85 to 2.03 contrasting with IIC (3.77 to 4.37). The DFI was notably higher in Hy-Line W-80 (ranging from 104.30 to 106.00 g per day) compared to IIC (73.75 to 90.20 g per day). Furthermore, Hy-Line W-80 consistently outperformed IIC in EM production with values ranging from 52.33 to 56.67 compared to IIC values (19.83 to 21.47). Another superiority of Hy-Line W-80 was observed by showing higher EN over IIC layers in all sixteen weeks of investigation. In conclusion, Hy-Line W-80 consistently outperformed IIC in various parameters such as FE, FCR, DFI, EM and EN production. Accordingly, these data could be exploited in selective breeding and genetic improvement strategies to enhance the productivity of IIC.

This study evaluated the impact of combining piperine and prednisolone on clinical symptoms and immune responses in Wistar rats with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) induced by Freund's complete adjuvant due to piperine known anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The RA rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10): The RA rats were treated with phosphate-buffered saline, RA rats treated with piperine (100 mg kg^-1 orally), RA rats treated with prednisolone (10.00 mg kg^-1 orally), and RA rats treated with a combination of piperine and prednisolone (half doses of each orally). Treatment started on day five post-induction when all rats had a clinical score of ≥ 1. Disease symptoms were monitored every other day until day 23 post-induction. Combining the two medications at half doses led to a more significant reduction in disease severity, weight improvement, and histopathological changes compared to using each drug alone at the full doses. The combined treatment group exhibited the most favorable response in C-reactive protein, myeloperoxidase, and nitric oxide biochemical tests compared to the other treatment groups. The combined treatment group showed decreased expression of T-bet and RORɣt genes. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the expression of Foxp3 and GATA3 genes compared to the group receiving prednisolone alone. Overall, combining piperine with prednisolone may prove to be a beneficial approach for managing RA.