Veterinary Research Forum最新文献

Pseudorabies (PR), an infectious disease caused by PR virus (PRV), has had a significant impact the development of the swine industry in China. Moreover, the public threat posed by PRV has raised widespread concern, with over 30 documented cases of PRV infection in humans in China. Various vaccines have been developed to prevent and control PR in China, primarily including inactivated vaccines and attenuated live vaccines. However, the extensive use of attenuated live vaccines and the presence of the field PRV strain in pig farm may increase the likelihood of recombination. In this study, we isolated a PRV variant strain (designated HuN-YY) from a piglet that had been immunized with the HB-98 vaccine strain in Hunan province and explored its genetic and biological features. The results showed that the gE, TK and gD genes of HuN-YY exhibited the highest sequence similarity with those of PRV variants, while the gC gene showed high homology with classical PRV strains. In addition, HuN-YY strain exhibited similar replication features compared to those of HB-98 and variant strains. Its pathogenesis in a mouse model was significantly lower than that of the variant strain. Collectively, these results provide clear evidence of genomic recombination of the HuN-YY strain, which will offer guidance for the future prevention and control of PR.

The Iraqi indigenous chicken (IIC) is a native breed known for its remarkable ability to thrive in harsh environments. However, the primary challenge with this breed is its lower productivity levels especially when compared to commercial strains. This study evaluated the performance of 120 layers of IIC in comparison with an equal number of Hy-Line W-80 layers across multiple traits including feed efficiency (FE), feed conversion ratio (FCR), daily feed intake (DFI), egg mass (EM) and total egg number (EN) production. Over a period spanning four consecutive weeks intervals significant differences were observed between the two lines across all measured parameters. Hy-Line W-80 consistently exhibited superior FE, with values ranging from 0.49 to 0.54 compared to IIC values that ranged from 0.23 to 0.26. Similarly, Hy-Line W-80 demonstrated lower FCR values ranging from 1.85 to 2.03 contrasting with IIC (3.77 to 4.37). The DFI was notably higher in Hy-Line W-80 (ranging from 104.30 to 106.00 g per day) compared to IIC (73.75 to 90.20 g per day). Furthermore, Hy-Line W-80 consistently outperformed IIC in EM production with values ranging from 52.33 to 56.67 compared to IIC values (19.83 to 21.47). Another superiority of Hy-Line W-80 was observed by showing higher EN over IIC layers in all sixteen weeks of investigation. In conclusion, Hy-Line W-80 consistently outperformed IIC in various parameters such as FE, FCR, DFI, EM and EN production. Accordingly, these data could be exploited in selective breeding and genetic improvement strategies to enhance the productivity of IIC.

Surgery commonly causes post-operative pain that should be alleviated to prevent complications. In addition to the use of synthetic drugs, there has been a widespread desire to use medicinal plants for surgical pain management. Thymoquinone (TQ), a constituent of Nigella sativa black seeds, exhibits a potent anti-oxidant property. Celecoxib (CLX), a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is widely used in pain management. In the present study, the effects of TQ and CLX on pain caused by hind paw surgical incision were compared. Fifty-six rats were divided into four groups of 14 rats as intact, vehicle, TQ, and CLX groups. In each group, six rats were planned to record pain-related behaviors on days 1 - 10 and eight rats were designed for determination of serum biochemical alterations on days 1 (four rats) and 3 (four rats) after surgery. Oral administrations of TQ and CLX at a same dose of 10.00 mg kg^-1 alleviated paw lifting number (spontaneous pain) and paw withdrawal threshold evoked by von Frey filaments on metal mesh floor, improved the decreased contents of serum total anti-oxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase, and restored the increased levels of serum malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The results suggested that TQ by employing anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, might relieve the pain induced by hind paw plantar incision, being comparable with CLX.

Avian Salmonellosis impacts the economy and public health, with chicken products being a major cause of gastroenteritis. Hygiene, immunization and medicines are all used as control techniques. Bacteriophages provide a safe, targeted alternative. In the present study in vitro evaluation of bacteriophages were done against Salmonella typhimurium. Lytic effect of bacteriophages isolated from poultry sludge was checked on culture of S. typhimurium. Stability study was checked at range of temperature and pH. The phages were stable at temperature (30.00 - 50.00 ˚C) and pH (5.00 - 9.00) where best activity was seen at 37.00 ˚C and pH 7.00. In vitro lytic activity was done at (optical density 600 nm) after exposure to bacterial host at different intervals. Multiplicity of Infection of 1.00 was used to check lytic activity of phages which indicated phages were potent enough to infect bacterial cells within their growth cycle. The percentage of unadsorbed phages was determined by bar chart analysis. The genome of three phages was treated with DNase I where they all were sensitive. Later the nucleic acid of phages was digested by restriction endonucleases (EcoRI and HindIII) both of the enzymes produced various restriction sites with different band. The present study proved that the application of bacteriophages in vitro into bacterial system i.e., S. typhimurium was an attractive method in diminishing infection in commercial poultry thus providing exceptional results that could be used on a large scale.

The aim of this study was to using purified chicken antibody (IgY) for developing solid phase competitive (SPC) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) A serotype. After immunization of chickens, polyclonal immunoglobulin (IgY) antibodies were extracted and purified from egg yolk and yield was about 5.00 mg mL^-1 of yolk as well as near 0.40 mg mL^-1 of specific IgY antibody against FMDV serotype A. Also, optimized sucrose density gradient method produced 228 µg mL^-1 whole virus which is much higher than that of the conventional method of sucrose density gradient method. The optimum concentration of purified capture IgY and bind type A antigen were 0.50 µg and 0.10 µg per well, respectively. The OD values < 0.70 were considered positive, and values ≥ 0.70 were negative for in-house kit base on standard controls. Statistical analysis base on 80 serum samples showed the 96.66% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, 90.90% negative predictive value, 97.50% accuracy, and 98.33% reliability for serum samples for two commercial and in-house kits. The SPCE developed based on IgY antibody is a suitable alternative for the detection of antibodies after vaccination against type A FMDV with high sensitivity and specificity. The present research demonstrated the possibility of commercial development of the SPCE kit using IgY antibodies for the detection of FMDV antibodies in serum samples with adequate sensitivity and accuracy.

This study evaluated the impact of combining piperine and prednisolone on clinical symptoms and immune responses in Wistar rats with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) induced by Freund's complete adjuvant due to piperine known anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The RA rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10): The RA rats were treated with phosphate-buffered saline, RA rats treated with piperine (100 mg kg^-1 orally), RA rats treated with prednisolone (10.00 mg kg^-1 orally), and RA rats treated with a combination of piperine and prednisolone (half doses of each orally). Treatment started on day five post-induction when all rats had a clinical score of ≥ 1. Disease symptoms were monitored every other day until day 23 post-induction. Combining the two medications at half doses led to a more significant reduction in disease severity, weight improvement, and histopathological changes compared to using each drug alone at the full doses. The combined treatment group exhibited the most favorable response in C-reactive protein, myeloperoxidase, and nitric oxide biochemical tests compared to the other treatment groups. The combined treatment group showed decreased expression of T-bet and RORɣt genes. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the expression of Foxp3 and GATA3 genes compared to the group receiving prednisolone alone. Overall, combining piperine with prednisolone may prove to be a beneficial approach for managing RA.

The goal of this research was to determine the normal range of arterial blood gas, electrolytes and acid-base status in the healthy male sheep of Iranian Shall breed. For this purpose, the blood sample was collected from the ear artery of 15 Iranian Shall sheep whose health was confirmed by clinical examinations, hematological tests including complete blood count and air-dried blood smear and cardiac evaluations including electrocardiography and echocardiography. Then, the values of pH, partial dioxide carbon pressure, partial oxygen pressure, oxygen saturation, base excess, bicarbonate as well as the concentration of electrolytes and anion gap were measured using a blood gas analyzer. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analyses by SPSS software and the tests of Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Pearson and descriptive statistics of the results were expressed as mean ± SE, range (minimum and maximum) and confidence interval 95.00%. The results showed the mean value of arterial blood gas including oxygen saturation, partial oxygen pressure, and partial dioxide carbon pressure were 95.69%, 61.58, and 26.28 mmHg, respectively, and the others arterial blood parameters including pH, base excess, and bicarbonate were 7.54, 1.61, and 22.84 mmol L^-1, respectively. Also, the mean values of arterial blood electrolytes including Na⁺, K⁺, and Cl^-, were 143.25, 4.22, and 109.46 mmol L^-1, respectively, and the mean anion gap was 12.64 mmol L^-1. The present study determined the range of normal amounts of arterial blood gas, electrolytes and acid-base status in the healthy male sheep of Iranian Shall breed which could be used as a reference for further research on sheep diseases and to distinguish healthy status from disease.

Clostridial disease causes severe economic losses in livestock by rapidly killing ruminants. Therefore, implementing effective control approaches to prevent this fatal disease is of high importance. The causative agent of this disease is Clostridium spp. Accurate identification of this microorganism is crucial for effectively managing clostridial diseases in farm. There are conventional methods for detecting the disease including microbiological and biochemical tests and many of these tests are time-consuming and exhibit low sensitivity. Therefore, this study aimed to use conventional and molecular approaches to identify Iranian isolates associated with animal infections. To achieve this, 61 samples were collected from 1984 to 2024, cultured on liver media and subsequently subjected to microbiological and biochemical tests. For molecular identification, the DNA of isolates were extracted and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. The results of the conventional analysis revealed that all Iranian isolates were identified as Clostridium perfringens and its type was determined using PCR assay. According to our findings, C. perfringens type A was the most prevalent strain in Iran which predominantly found in ostriches and bird samples followed by type D. This study underscored the presence of C. perfringens types across variety hosts and geographic locations in Iran. In conclusion, the combining conventional methods with PCR helped reliably detect Clostridium spp. This information holds the potential to significantly contribute to the development of preventive strategies against clostridial diseases in Iran.

A mixed-breed 15-year-old mare was euthanized for recurrent colic, severe weight loss, pastern ulcerative dermatitis, and coronitis without response to non-surgical medical procedures. The liver was congested with firm consistency at necropsy, and there were multi-focal white spots on Glisson's capsule. Hemorrhage, ulcer, severe folding, and hypertrophy were seen in the duodenum and jejunum. Histopathological examination showed marked infiltration of eosinophils concomitant with fewer leukocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells, primarily in the liver and intestines. The presence of eight calcium bilirubinate stones, 2.00 - 5.00 cm in diameter, in the common bile duct was characteristic of choledocholithiasis. Concurrent multi-systemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease (MEED) and choledocholithiasis were confirmed after ruling out other potential causes of eosinophilic infiltration, including parasitic infection and allergy. The cause of MEED and choledocholithiasis was unclear because of incomplete case history and delayed referral, with a potential infection playing a role and having synergistic effects between the two conditions. When eosinophilic-associated inflammation involves several organs, MEED should be on the differential diagnostic list since infections and allergens are also among the risk factors for this disorder.

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, caused by bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting bovines, and clinically characterized by pyrexia, inappetence, respiratory distress, dyspnoea, conjunctivitis, nasal discharge, and sometimes abortions. In the present study, buffalo dairy farm having high mortality was investigated. The buffaloes were suffering from high rectal temperature, conjunctivitis, severe respiratory distress, and nasal discharge. Tissue samples from upper respiratory tract were collected aseptically following post-mortem examination of died buffaloes. Tracheal tissue samples were then processed for histopathological examination and DNA isolation. The presence of BHV-1 in the tissue samples was confirmed by nested polymerase chain reaction using glycoprotein B gene primers. The present study reported for the first time the clinical signs, post-mortem lesions, histopathological evidence, and detection of DNA of BHV-1 glycoprotein B gene through nested polymerase chain reaction assay during an active outbreak in buffaloes in India. The findings of this study are crucial for improving the diagnosis of BHV-1 and ultimately reducing financial losses within dairy industry.