Veterinary Research Forum最新文献

Buildup of reactive oxygen species during testicular torsion causes oxidative stress and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in testis. The purpose of this study was to investigate influence of β-cryptoxanthin (BCX) on I/R injury in testicular torsion/detorsion in mature rats. Thirty mature male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of six animals each, including sham group: In this group, midline incision of the scrotum was performed and the testicles were taken out for 2 hr with a 720-degree rotation, I/R group: In this group, midline incision of the scrotum was performed and the testicles were taken out and undergone ischemia for 2 hr with a 720-degree rotation, I/R/Oil group: In this group, a midline scrotum cut was performed, the testicles were taken out, ischemia was created for 2 hr with a 720-degree rotation, and at the end of ischemia 100 µL of corn oil (BCX solvent) was injected intraperitoneally, I/R/BCX10 group: The same as I/R/Oil group, as well as intraperitoneal administration of 100 µL of BCX (10.00 µg kg^-1) at the end of ischemia, and I/R/BCX40: The same as I/R/Oil group, as well as intraperitoneal administration of 100 µL of BCX (40.00 µg kg^-1) at the end of ischemia. Evaluations were based on histopathological and spermatological parameters and oxidative stress assessments. Histopathological spermatological and oxidative stress parameters values obtained from I/R/BCX40 were significantly different from those of other groups (p < 0.05). It could be concluded that BCX could ameliorate testicular injuries in acute testicular torsion/detorsion in mature rats.

Several bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus are considered as indicators of anti-microbial resistance (AMR) in a wide range of hosts and environments, because they may transfer AMR genes to important pathogenic bacteria. Hedgehog is one of the most important wild species living in urban areas. So, this study aimed to determine AMR against β-lactams and prevalence of colicin genes among various phylotypes of E. coli isolates from hedgehogs in the Kerman, Iran. Totally, 105 E. coli isolates were obtained from 21 hedgehogs (five isolates from each hedgehog). Resistances to the ampicillin (79.10%), cefotaxime (66.70%), and amoxicillin-clavulanate (62.00%) were the most prevalent, and resistance against ceftiofur (39.10%), ceftazidime (39.10%), and ceftriaxone (34.30%) had the lowest prevalence rates. In phenotypic tests, 2.90% of the isolates were extended spectrum β-lactamase producers. The prevalence of β-lactam resistance genes was 26.60% for bla _TEM, 3.80% for bla _{CTX - M}, 8.50% for bla _SHV, and 1.90% for bla _CMY. The frequency of colicin genes, including E1, V, E2-E9, and Ia.Ib was 5.71, 4.76, 10.47, and 11.42%, respectively. All E. coli isolates were negative for 5.10.K, Y.U, and A.N.S4 genes. Phylogenetically, B1 (49.50%), A (40.90%), and D (5.70%) were identified among the isolates, and 3.80% remained unknown. Wildlife could be considered as a bio-marker to determine the environmental dissemination of AMR. Also, hedgehog may be an important reservoir of antibiotic-resistant and non-pathogenic E. coli strains in urban environments. This study highlights the necessity of E. coli surveillance among domestic and wild animals.

Medical imaging methods (magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, X-ray, and ultrasound) are used to guide physicians when diagnosing diseases and planning their treatment. Thorax radiography is frequently preferred for the detection of diseases related to the respiratory system and the heart. When the thorax anatomy is known, this facilitates the detection of diseases in these regions. The vertebral heart score (VHS) is a parameter used for the detection of cardiac anomalies. In cases such as cardiomyopathy and chronic pneumonia, the heart silhouette changes and cardiac enlargement is ensued. Knowing the normal VHS parameter is important in the detection of anomalies. In the present study, 15 male and 30 female adult Awassi sheep were used. The thorax region was imaged with an X-ray device in the right lateral position. Each animal was measured for nine parameters in the region. In the measurements, the female and male VHS scores were found to be 9.77 ± 0.48 and 9.69 ± 0.52, respectively, using one method and 10.11 ± 1.64 and 9.96 ± 0.73, respectively, using the other method. No statistical difference was found between the two methods. The cardiodiaphragmatic contact parameter was observed to be statistically significant between males and females. No statistical difference was found in other parameters. Consequently, this study was carried out to determine the VHS values in Awassi sheep, and the thorax measurements were evaluated. This study is considered to contribute to veterinary surgeons and the field of veterinary surgery.

Diazinon (DZN) is a widely used organophosphate. We studied the effect of quercetin pegylated liposome (QPEGL) on acute low dose DZN-induced oxidative stress and behavioral disorders through monitoring brain serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in mature male rats. Animals were treated in two control groups that received a single dose of normal saline and dimethyl sulfoxide, and four groups that received a single dose of DZN 10.00 mg kg^-1 (DZN), DZN 10.00 mg kg + quercetin 20.00 mg kg^-1, DZN 10.00 mg kg^-1 + PEGL 20.00 mg kg^-1, DZN 10.00 mg kg^-1 + QPEGL 20.00 mg kg^-1 (QPEGL), respectively. Performances of the rats were investigated by the open field and elevated plus maze tests. Twenty-four hr after the treatments, animals' brains were harvested and frozen at - 80.00 ˚C. Brain tissues 5-HIAA level was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were determined for oxidative stress analysis. The motor activity was significantly reduced in the DZN group compared to the control group following increased anxiety-like behavior and ameliorated by QPEGL. Moreover, 5-HIAA and MDA levels notably increased in the DZN group compared to the control group and significantly decreased in the QPEGL group compared to the DZN group. The SOD and GPx contents were not significantly changed in the DZN group compared to the control; although, these parameters improved after treatment with QPEGL. Acute low dose DZN exposure resulted in lipid peroxidation and elevated levels of the serotonin metabolite (5-HIAA), leading to neurobehavioral disorders, such as anxiety-like behavior and impaired motor activity, which were alleviated by QPEGL.

Dogs serve as definitive or intermediate hosts for some protozoan and helminth parasites, some of which are of zoonotic, and others cause severe infectious diseases in other animals. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in shelter dogs in Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. A total of 323 fecal samples were randomly collected from shelter dogs in Mashhad and Neyshabur areas. All samples were then transferred to the Parasitology Laboratory and examined detect intestinal protozoa and helminths using the formalin-ether technique. Out of the 323 fecal samples, 92 (28.48%) tested positive for intestinal parasites. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites in shelter dogs in Mashhad and Neyshabur areas were 23.83 and 35.38%, respectively. Monospecific infection was found in 19.50% of dogs, while concurrent infection with two or more species was seen in 8.97% of dogs. The frequencies of the nine detected parasites were as follows: Sarcocystis sp. 12.38%, Giardia sp. 4.64%, Cystoisospora sp. 2.78%, Hammondia Neospora-like oocysts 2.16%, Taenia sp. 6.19%, Toxascaris leonina 7.43%, Dicrocoelium dendriticum 1.54%, Toxocara canis 0.92% and Capillaria sp. 0.30%. The results of this study showed the high frequency of intestinal parasites in shelter dogs. To control important zoonotic helminthic diseases such as echinococcosis and toxocariasis, it is recommended to eliminate stray dogs in cooperation with municipalities and veterinary departments in Iran. If stray dogs are transferred to shelters, they should receive regular treatment with effective anti-helminthic drugs.

This study focuses on understanding how the sensitivity patterns of common probiotic Lactobacillus species differ between healthy and colibacillosis-diseased broiler chickens and explores any correlation between these patterns and avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Ileum samples were collected from the healthy (n = 10) and colibacillosis-diseased (n = 10) broiler poultry farms. Lactobacillus and E. coli were identified and incidence rate of six probiotic Lactobacillus species (L. acidophilus, L. brevis, L. casei, L. plantrum, L. delbrueckii, and L. fermenti) was determined, and their susceptibility to different antibiotics (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, and vancomycin) was tested. A total of 120 Lactobacilli were examined. Certain Lactobacillus spp. from healthy birds (L. brevis) and those affected by colibacillosis (L. acidophilus) showed better sensitivity and lower multiple antibiotic resistance to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and kanamycin. Statistical analysis revealed significant correlations between ampicillin and chloramphenicol, ampicillin and erythromycin, ampicillin and tetracycline, and ampicillin and vancomycin resistance. Also, a significant correlation was observed between erythromycin and tetracycline, and kanamycin and vancomycin. All APEC strains showed multiple antibiotic resistance. A strong positive correlation was found between resistant Lactobacillus spp. and APEC isolates from diseased birds, indicating co-occurrence of antibiotic resistance. The study suggests that antibiotic resistance in APEC and Lactobacillus species may spread through horizontal transfer, highlighting the need for improved anti-microbial management in poultry systems.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly transmissible pathogen causing severe economic losses in the global livestock sector. Frequent outbreaks of FMDV type-O in Pakistan highlight the need for continuous genomic and antigenic surveillance to track its evolution. This study aimed to isolate and molecularly characterize FMDV type-O from an outbreak in the Punjab province of Pakistan using in vitro cell culture techniques. Samples were processed for viral isolation on a susceptible cell line, followed by RNA extraction. The VP1 gene, pivotal for antigenicity and immunogenicity, was amplified using a one-step polymerase chain reaction protocol. Purified amplicons underwent sequencing, and the nucleotide sequences were translated into amino acid sequences for further analysis. Protein three-dimensional modeling and in silico comparison were performed against the vaccinal seed strain PanAsia-2. The VP1 sequence analysis revealed notable genetic variability among the isolates, indicating adaptive evolution. Structural and antigenic modeling uncovered key differences between the field isolates and vaccinal strain, suggesting potential antigenic drift, which could undermine vaccine performance. The study underscores the dynamic evolution of FMDV type-O in Pakistan and the critical importance of ongoing genomic monitoring to refine vaccine strategies and enhance outbreak control.

Cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction is an important feature of aged heart. However, there is still no potent agent to ameliorate cardiac function abnormalities in aged hosts. Olive oil (OLO), containing monounsaturated fatty acids, has diverse protective effects on the cardiovascular system, including anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hypertensive effects. We evaluated the beneficial impacts of OLO against aging-related cardiac dysfunction. Wistar rats were randomly allotted into three groups with eight rats, including control, aged rats receiving D-galactose (D-GAL), and aged rats administrated with D-galactose plus OLO (D-GAL + OLO). Aged animals were received D-GAL at a dose of 150.00 mg kg^-1 daily through intra-peritoneal injection for aging induction. The animals in D-GAL + OLO group were co-administrated with oral OLO at a dose of 1.00 mL kg^-1 by gavage feeding daily. The administration term was eight weeks. A histological examination of heart tissue was performed. The heart tissues were also harvested to assay the oxidative stress and molecular parameters. The aged animals showed cardiac hypertrophy, increased malondialdehyde level and Bax expression, and reduced mitofusin 2, phosphatase and tensin homologue-induced putative kinase 1, dynamin-related protein 1, and Bcl2 expressions in comparison with the control animals. The OLO treatment ameliorated all these parameters. Overall, OLO could improve cardiac aging through reducing oxidative stress, enhancing genes mediated mitophagy, and improving genes mediated apoptosis in the heart.

All fresh poultry eggs differ greatly in chemical components. Many chemicals have been investigated in this field, but the presence of differences in odor components between species has not yet been investigated. For this reason, this study aimed to determine the volatile compounds of the eight different poultry species eggs and the differences among them. In this context, 180 eggs (20 from each species) were purchased from different farms, and the volatile compounds of raw eggs were determined by the solid phase micro-extraction method. Following the analysis, 41 volatile compounds and 12 organic groups were identified. The variety and ratios of these compounds varied among the species, with pigeon eggs containing the greatest number of compounds (19 compounds) and quail, partridge, and pheasant eggs containing the lowest numbers (seven compounds). Acetamide, 2-fluoro-, and D-limonene compounds were found in every species of eggs. The other species eggs did not contain any of the 10 volatile chemicals detected in pigeon eggs, eight in chicken eggs, and one in quail eggs. It was discovered that the eggs volatile compounds counts and chemical profiles varied, indicating differences in their tastes, smells, and aromas. The volatile chemicals found in this study may be species-specific and can be used as indicators to identify which eggs belong to which species.

Significant advancements in imaging and surgical methodologies have led to more frequent performance of neurosurgical procedures such as laminectomy in both animal and human patients. Epidural fibrosis (EF) is defined as the excessive formation of scar tissue in the epidural space after lumbar laminectomy, often resulting in recurring postoperative pain. Given the association between postoperative hematoma accumulation at the laminectomy site and the development of EF, the present study aimed to evaluate the preventive impact of tranexamic acid (TXA), an antifibrinolytic agent with well-recognized hemostatic properties across various surgical fields. A rabbit laminectomy model was constructed to assess its effectiveness in reducing EF formation. A total number of 18 adult New Zealand White male rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: The control (saline) group and the treatment (topical TXA) group. Each rabbit underwent a two-level laminectomy at L3-L4. The treatment group received 5.00 mL of 100 mg mL^-1 TXA solution applied topically to the laminectomy site, while the control group received 5.00 mL of saline. Postoperative evaluations included magnetic resonance imaging at week six to assess EF, followed by histopathological examinations to evaluate fibroblast cell density in scar tissue, EF grading and thickness of the dura mater. The analysis of magnetic resonance imaging and histopathologic data revealed significant differences between the two groups indicating that topical administration of TXA might be a promising approach for preventing EF.