Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.195
V. A. Poltorapavlov, T. I. Koval, N. Pryimenko, O.G. Marchenko, A.I. Vatsenko
Reforming Ukrainian higher medical education is imperative, not only to address issues related to the recognition of Ukrainian diplomas abroad and to enhance the competitiveness of Ukrainian medical institutions and their graduates on the European and global job markets, but also to elevate the efficiency and quality of education. Furthermore, the recent full-scale invasion has resulted in the loss of a significant potential in medical universities across the southeastern region of Ukraine. Amidst the ongoing reform of the Ukrainian higher education system, all institutions are transitioning towards a competency-based approach. This approach aims to cultivate and foster specific types and subtypes of competencies in students by ensuring comprehensive assimilation of essential knowledge and practical methodologies. The training of highly skilled medical professionals encompasses multidisciplinary education, extending beyond therapy to encompass knowledge spanning over two dozen specialties. Of utmost importance is the ability to diagnose and treat patients with acute and chronic therapeutic and surgical conditions, as well as to provide urgent medical assistance. The epidemiological landscape concerning numerous infectious diseases in various countries remains volatile. Incidences of viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, influenza, SARS, AIDS, Lyme borreliosis, among others, continue to rise in Ukraine and neighboring regions. A completely new challenge for the world community is the outbreak of Ebola fever in West Africa, monkeypox and its spread around the world. The appearance of pathogens of infectious diseases resistant to previously developed effective drugs is a cause for concern. Nowadays, the global crisis precipitated by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, underscores the urgency for education on emerging and re-emerging infections. Given these challenges, the qualification level of future specialists in infectious diseases and epidemiology assumes paramount importance. These professionals must be equipped to organize and deliver medical care under adverse conditions such as war, pandemics, shortages of medical personnel and medications, and a dearth of theoretical and practical knowledge, especially in the face of new infections. To facilitate optimal learning amidst such crises, a phased approach is proposed that includes centralized distance education, methodological support, and practical skill acquisition. By implementing these measures, the assimilation of material and the quality of education can be enhanced for those seeking education during times of crisis.
{"title":"REFINING METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ENHANCE TEACHING QUALITY AT THE DEPARTMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES WITH EPIDEMIOLOGY","authors":"V. A. Poltorapavlov, T. I. Koval, N. Pryimenko, O.G. Marchenko, A.I. Vatsenko","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.195","url":null,"abstract":"Reforming Ukrainian higher medical education is imperative, not only to address issues related to the recognition of Ukrainian diplomas abroad and to enhance the competitiveness of Ukrainian medical institutions and their graduates on the European and global job markets, but also to elevate the efficiency and quality of education. Furthermore, the recent full-scale invasion has resulted in the loss of a significant potential in medical universities across the southeastern region of Ukraine. \u0000Amidst the ongoing reform of the Ukrainian higher education system, all institutions are transitioning towards a competency-based approach. This approach aims to cultivate and foster specific types and subtypes of competencies in students by ensuring comprehensive assimilation of essential knowledge and practical methodologies. \u0000The training of highly skilled medical professionals encompasses multidisciplinary education, extending beyond therapy to encompass knowledge spanning over two dozen specialties. Of utmost importance is the ability to diagnose and treat patients with acute and chronic therapeutic and surgical conditions, as well as to provide urgent medical assistance. \u0000The epidemiological landscape concerning numerous infectious diseases in various countries remains volatile. Incidences of viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, influenza, SARS, AIDS, Lyme borreliosis, among others, continue to rise in Ukraine and neighboring regions. A completely new challenge for the world community is the outbreak of Ebola fever in West Africa, monkeypox and its spread around the world. The appearance of pathogens of infectious diseases resistant to previously developed effective drugs is a cause for concern. Nowadays, the global crisis precipitated by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, underscores the urgency for education on emerging and re-emerging infections. \u0000Given these challenges, the qualification level of future specialists in infectious diseases and epidemiology assumes paramount importance. These professionals must be equipped to organize and deliver medical care under adverse conditions such as war, pandemics, shortages of medical personnel and medications, and a dearth of theoretical and practical knowledge, especially in the face of new infections. To facilitate optimal learning amidst such crises, a phased approach is proposed that includes centralized distance education, methodological support, and practical skill acquisition. By implementing these measures, the assimilation of material and the quality of education can be enhanced for those seeking education during times of crisis.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"346 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140227937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.220
V. M. Zezekalo
While laparoscopic combined simultaneous operations have become a valuable method in both surgery and gynecology, further research is necessary to optimize their application. These procedures offer several benefits, e. g. minimizing repeat surgeries, reducing associated surgical and anesthetic complications. This approach can decrease emotional stress and prevent the exacerbation of existing medical conditions in the early and later stages after surgery. Patients often experience better physical activity, mental well-being, and social and sexual functioning. Looking back, the development of laparoscopy has spanned over centuries. Tracing its roots back to ancient Greece, the late 1800s saw the contributions of pioneering doctors and inventors like Philip Bozzini, Maximilian Nitze, Georg Kelling, Dmytro Ott, Wilhelm Jacobson, Hans Jacobeus, O. Götze, H. Kalk, B. Bosch, Janos Veres, and Kurt Carl Stefan Zemm. Their discoveries and modifications laid the foundation for the laparoscopic procedures used today. In combined surgeries, two or more coexisting medical conditions are addressed in the same operation. An underlying disease is the one presenting the most significant threat to the patient's health and life regardless of diagnosis, access route, surgical stage, or other factors. In contrast, a secondary, or concomitant, disease poses a lesser threat and might be treatable through a delayed procedure. When planning combined laparoscopic operation, surgeons consider factors like the order of operations, patient positioning, and the specific training and qualifications required. However, the widespread implementation of simultaneous laparoscopic surgeries in gynecology requires careful consideration. While these procedures offer potential advantages like economic feasibility and minimal post-operative complications, ensuring patient safety remains paramount. Further research and careful selection criteria are necessary to determine the appropriate applications and ensure optimal outcomes.
{"title":"EVOLUTION OF LAPAROSCOPIC COMBINED SURGERY IN GYNECOLOGY","authors":"V. M. Zezekalo","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.220","url":null,"abstract":"While laparoscopic combined simultaneous operations have become a valuable method in both surgery and gynecology, further research is necessary to optimize their application. These procedures offer several benefits, e. g. minimizing repeat surgeries, reducing associated surgical and anesthetic complications. This approach can decrease emotional stress and prevent the exacerbation of existing medical conditions in the early and later stages after surgery. Patients often experience better physical activity, mental well-being, and social and sexual functioning. \u0000Looking back, the development of laparoscopy has spanned over centuries. Tracing its roots back to ancient Greece, the late 1800s saw the contributions of pioneering doctors and inventors like Philip Bozzini, Maximilian Nitze, Georg Kelling, Dmytro Ott, Wilhelm Jacobson, Hans Jacobeus, O. Götze, H. Kalk, B. Bosch, Janos Veres, and Kurt Carl Stefan Zemm. Their discoveries and modifications laid the foundation for the laparoscopic procedures used today. \u0000In combined surgeries, two or more coexisting medical conditions are addressed in the same operation. An underlying disease is the one presenting the most significant threat to the patient's health and life regardless of diagnosis, access route, surgical stage, or other factors. In contrast, a secondary, or concomitant, disease poses a lesser threat and might be treatable through a delayed procedure. When planning combined laparoscopic operation, surgeons consider factors like the order of operations, patient positioning, and the specific training and qualifications required. \u0000However, the widespread implementation of simultaneous laparoscopic surgeries in gynecology requires careful consideration. While these procedures offer potential advantages like economic feasibility and minimal post-operative complications, ensuring patient safety remains paramount. Further research and careful selection criteria are necessary to determine the appropriate applications and ensure optimal outcomes.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"5 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140227256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.150
V. I. Fedorchenko, G. A. Loban, O. Hancho, A. M. Chapala, V. Syvovol
Introduction. Staphylococci are well-known pathogens associated with purulent-inflammatory processes at various body sites. However, the specific contributions of different microorganisms within microbial communities remain poorly understood. Notably, these diverse microbes can exhibit distinct antibiotic susceptibility profiles due to their varying taxonomic classifications. The purpose of this study is to analyze the results of bacteriological examination of pathological material taken from patients in surgical department and to assess the contribution of S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci in the form of mono- and mixed infection in the cases of infectious pathology. Results and discussion. 123 samples were obtained from patients in the surgical department; cultures of Staphylococcus bacteria were isolated in 37 cases, which accounted for 30.1% of all studies. Staphylococcus aureus was identified in 18 cultures (14.6%), with 11 isolates (8.9%) found as single infections (monoculture) and 7 isolates (5.7%) identified within mixed microbial communities. Additionally, 19 isolates (15.4%) were identified as coagulase-negative staphylococci. These microbial communities comprised 2 to 4 different types of microorganisms. Conclusion. Staphylococcus spp. were isolated from 30.1% of patients in the surgical department. Among these isolates, Staphylococcus aureus was present in 38.9% of mixed microbial cultures, while coagulase-negative staphylococci were found in 33.3% of Staphylococcus isolations. Notably, S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were never co-isolated within the same mixed culture.
{"title":"IMPACT OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPP. ON OCCURRENCE OF INFECTIOUS INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES IN SURGICAL PATIENTS: A BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDY","authors":"V. I. Fedorchenko, G. A. Loban, O. Hancho, A. M. Chapala, V. Syvovol","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.150","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Staphylococci are well-known pathogens associated with purulent-inflammatory processes at various body sites. However, the specific contributions of different microorganisms within microbial communities remain poorly understood. Notably, these diverse microbes can exhibit distinct antibiotic susceptibility profiles due to their varying taxonomic classifications. \u0000The purpose of this study is to analyze the results of bacteriological examination of pathological material taken from patients in surgical department and to assess the contribution of S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci in the form of mono- and mixed infection in the cases of infectious pathology. \u0000Results and discussion. 123 samples were obtained from patients in the surgical department; cultures of Staphylococcus bacteria were isolated in 37 cases, which accounted for 30.1% of all studies. Staphylococcus aureus was identified in 18 cultures (14.6%), with 11 isolates (8.9%) found as single infections (monoculture) and 7 isolates (5.7%) identified within mixed microbial communities. Additionally, 19 isolates (15.4%) were identified as coagulase-negative staphylococci. These microbial communities comprised 2 to 4 different types of microorganisms. \u0000Conclusion. Staphylococcus spp. were isolated from 30.1% of patients in the surgical department. Among these isolates, Staphylococcus aureus was present in 38.9% of mixed microbial cultures, while coagulase-negative staphylococci were found in 33.3% of Staphylococcus isolations. Notably, S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were never co-isolated within the same mixed culture.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.172
T. Bubliy, O. Gancho, N. O. Bobrova, T. Moshel, V.I. Fedorehcnko
Introduction: This article examines the potential for integrating Therapeutic Stomatology with Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology. It highlights the significance of studying key concepts in these disciplines, which underpin various methods of microbiological diagnostics utilized in dentistry. Practical skills and theoretical knowledge essential for the study of Therapeutic Stomatology are exemplified. The aim of this paper is to underscore the significance of interdisciplinary integration between Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology with Therapeutic Stomatology in the education and training of future dental practitioners. Results and Discussion: A solid grasp of microbiology is crucial for fostering the clinical acumen of future dental professionals. The integration of disciplines should be systematically woven into all phases of the educational curriculum. By merging fundamental and clinical disciplines, a multidimensional approach to problem-solving is facilitated, highlighting the interconnectedness between fields. This integration enhances students' intellectual, cognitive, and communicative abilities, broadening their educational horizons and enabling the application of foundational knowledge in novel contexts. Consequently, this approach nurtures the development of clinical reasoning skills among aspiring dental practitioners. Conclusions: The interdisciplinary integration of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology with Therapeutic Stomatology in professional training ensures educational coherence, enhances the organization and refinement of knowledge and skills, and lays the groundwork for cultivating professionals characterized by versatile thinking and comprehensive expertise in their field.
{"title":"INTERDISCIPLINARY INTEGRATION OF MICROBIOLOGY, VIROLOGY, AND IMMUNOLOGY IN THERAPEUTIC STOMATOLOGY","authors":"T. Bubliy, O. Gancho, N. O. Bobrova, T. Moshel, V.I. Fedorehcnko","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.172","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This article examines the potential for integrating Therapeutic Stomatology with Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology. It highlights the significance of studying key concepts in these disciplines, which underpin various methods of microbiological diagnostics utilized in dentistry. Practical skills and theoretical knowledge essential for the study of Therapeutic Stomatology are exemplified. The aim of this paper is to underscore the significance of interdisciplinary integration between Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology with Therapeutic Stomatology in the education and training of future dental practitioners. \u0000Results and Discussion: A solid grasp of microbiology is crucial for fostering the clinical acumen of future dental professionals. The integration of disciplines should be systematically woven into all phases of the educational curriculum. By merging fundamental and clinical disciplines, a multidimensional approach to problem-solving is facilitated, highlighting the interconnectedness between fields. This integration enhances students' intellectual, cognitive, and communicative abilities, broadening their educational horizons and enabling the application of foundational knowledge in novel contexts. Consequently, this approach nurtures the development of clinical reasoning skills among aspiring dental practitioners. \u0000Conclusions: The interdisciplinary integration of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology with Therapeutic Stomatology in professional training ensures educational coherence, enhances the organization and refinement of knowledge and skills, and lays the groundwork for cultivating professionals characterized by versatile thinking and comprehensive expertise in their field.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.114
K.I. Nestulia, V.O. Kostenko
This study aims at investigating the influence of specific modulators of NF-κB and Nrf2 transcription factors on oxidative-nitrosative stress indicators and bone biopolymer depolymerization in mandibular bone following incomplete fracture under chronic alcohol intoxication (CAI). Twenty-eight white male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Group 1 comprised "falsely injured" rats, while Group 2 underwent incomplete mandibular fracture (IMF) under CAI exposure. Rats in groups 3 and 4 received intraperitoneal injections of ammonium pyrrolidinium dithiocarbamate, an inhibitor of NF-κB activation, in a dose of 76 mg/kg, and dimethyl fumarate, an Nrf2 inducer, in a dose of 15 mg/kg three times a week for 14 days following the modeling of IMF under CAI exposure. The activity of total NO synthase, including its constitutive and inducible isoforms, along with ornithine decarboxylase, and concentrations of peroxynitrites of alkaline and alkaline-earth metals, free hydroxyproline, N-acetylneuraminic, and hexuronic acids were assessed in the homogenate of the standard mandible area using a spectrophotometric method. The findings have demonstrated that the administration of ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and dimethyl fumarate notably decreased the activity of NO synthase (primarily its inducible isoform) and the concentration of peroxynitrite in the mandibular bone homogenate, while increasing the activity of ornithine decarboxylase, a key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis. Furthermore, under experimental conditions, the use of ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and dimethyl fumarate limited the depolymerization of bone biopolymers (collagen, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans), thereby facilitating effective reparative osteogenesis.
本研究旨在探讨 NF-κB 和 Nrf2 转录因子的特定调节剂对慢性酒精中毒（CAI）下不完全骨折后下颌骨氧化亚硝基应激指标和骨生物聚合物解聚的影响。28 只白色雄性 Wistar 大鼠被分为 5 组：第 1 组为 "假伤 "大鼠，第 2 组在 CAI 暴露下进行了下颌骨不完全骨折（IMF）。第 3 组和第 4 组大鼠在接受 CAI 暴露下的下颌骨不完全骨折建模后，腹腔注射 NF-κB 激活抑制剂吡咯烷酮二硫代氨基甲酸铵（剂量为 76 毫克/千克）和 Nrf2 诱导剂富马酸二甲酯（剂量为 15 毫克/千克），每周三次，共注射 14 天。使用分光光度法评估了标准下颌骨匀浆中总 NO 合酶（包括其组成型和诱导型同工酶）和鸟氨酸脱羧酶的活性，以及碱性和碱土金属过氧化物、游离羟脯氨酸、N-乙酰神经氨酸和六醛酸的浓度。研究结果表明，服用吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵和富马酸二甲酯可显著降低下颌骨匀浆中 NO 合酶（主要是其诱导型同工酶）的活性和过亚硝酸的浓度，同时提高鸟氨酸脱羧酶（多胺生物合成的一种关键酶）的活性。此外，在实验条件下，吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵和富马酸二甲酯的使用限制了骨生物聚合物（胶原蛋白、糖蛋白和蛋白多糖）的解聚，从而促进了有效的修复性骨生成。
{"title":"IMPACT OF NF-κB AND NRF2 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR MODULATORS ON METABOLIC CHARACTERISTICS IN MANDIBLE BONES OF RATS DURING RECOVERY FROM INCOMPLETE FRACTURE UNDER CHRONIC ALCOHOL INTOXICATION","authors":"K.I. Nestulia, V.O. Kostenko","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.114","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims at investigating the influence of specific modulators of NF-κB and Nrf2 transcription factors on oxidative-nitrosative stress indicators and bone biopolymer depolymerization in mandibular bone following incomplete fracture under chronic alcohol intoxication (CAI). Twenty-eight white male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Group 1 comprised \"falsely injured\" rats, while Group 2 underwent incomplete mandibular fracture (IMF) under CAI exposure. Rats in groups 3 and 4 received intraperitoneal injections of ammonium pyrrolidinium dithiocarbamate, an inhibitor of NF-κB activation, in a dose of 76 mg/kg, and dimethyl fumarate, an Nrf2 inducer, in a dose of 15 mg/kg three times a week for 14 days following the modeling of IMF under CAI exposure. The activity of total NO synthase, including its constitutive and inducible isoforms, along with ornithine decarboxylase, and concentrations of peroxynitrites of alkaline and alkaline-earth metals, free hydroxyproline, N-acetylneuraminic, and hexuronic acids were assessed in the homogenate of the standard mandible area using a spectrophotometric method. The findings have demonstrated that the administration of ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and dimethyl fumarate notably decreased the activity of NO synthase (primarily its inducible isoform) and the concentration of peroxynitrite in the mandibular bone homogenate, while increasing the activity of ornithine decarboxylase, a key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis. Furthermore, under experimental conditions, the use of ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and dimethyl fumarate limited the depolymerization of bone biopolymers (collagen, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans), thereby facilitating effective reparative osteogenesis.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140226004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.73
O. Akimov, A. Mykytenko, A. Mischenko, V.O. Kostenko
Excessive consumption of high-calorie food, a sedentary lifestyle and increased psycho-emotional stress are risk factors for the development of metabolic syndrome. These factors are especially relevant for residents of countries with highly developed economies. Metabolic syndrome is accompanied not only by metabolic disorders, but also leads to the development of a systemic inflammatory response, which is associated with excessive production and circulation of cytokines in the blood. As a rule, the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB leads to an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this work is to determine the effect of the NF-κB transcription factor activation inhibitor on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the production of superoxide anion radical, the content of oxidatively modified proteins, and the concentration of malondialdehyde in the biceps femoris muscle of rats who underwent experimental metabolic syndrome. The study included 24 sexually mature male Wistar rats weighing 200-260 g. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each. The first group was the control group; the second group involved the rats exposed to metabolic syndrome simulated by adding a 20% fructose solution as the only source of drinking water to the standard vivarium diet for 60 days; the third group involved the animals received ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate in a dose of 76 mg/kg intraperitoneally 3 times a week for 60 days; the fourth group was exposed to the combined effect of the ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate administration during modeled metabolic syndrome. In this study we investigated a 10% homogenate of the biceps femoris muscle with the research focus on several parameters: superoxide anion radical production, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, malondialdehyde concentration, and the presence of oxidatively modified proteins. Simulation of the metabolic syndrome led to the development of oxidative stress in the biceps muscle of rats that was accompanied by an increase in the production of the superoxide anion radical and a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The administration of ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate during modeled metabolic syndrome caused a decrease in the basic production of superoxide anion radical, production of superoxide anion radical by the microsomal electron transport chain and production of superoxide anion radical by the mitochondrial electron transport chain by 30.28%, 26.21 %, and 27.00%, respectively, compared to the rats in metabolic syndrome group. Superoxide dismutase activity increased by 78.81% and catalase activity grew by 144.74% compared to the metabolic syndrome group. The concentration of free malondialdehyde under the administration of ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate during metabolic syndrome reduced by 51.80%, and the content of oxidatively modified proteins decreased by 31.74% compared to the metabolic syndrome group. The
{"title":"EFFECT OF AMMONIUM PYRROLIDINEDITHIOCARBAMATE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN BICEPS FEMORIS MUSCLES OF RATS DURING MODELLED METABOLIC SYNDROME","authors":"O. Akimov, A. Mykytenko, A. Mischenko, V.O. Kostenko","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.73","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive consumption of high-calorie food, a sedentary lifestyle and increased psycho-emotional stress are risk factors for the development of metabolic syndrome. These factors are especially relevant for residents of countries with highly developed economies. Metabolic syndrome is accompanied not only by metabolic disorders, but also leads to the development of a systemic inflammatory response, which is associated with excessive production and circulation of cytokines in the blood. As a rule, the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB leads to an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. \u0000The aim of this work is to determine the effect of the NF-κB transcription factor activation inhibitor on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the production of superoxide anion radical, the content of oxidatively modified proteins, and the concentration of malondialdehyde in the biceps femoris muscle of rats who underwent experimental metabolic syndrome. \u0000The study included 24 sexually mature male Wistar rats weighing 200-260 g. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each. The first group was the control group; the second group involved the rats exposed to metabolic syndrome simulated by adding a 20% fructose solution as the only source of drinking water to the standard vivarium diet for 60 days; the third group involved the animals received ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate in a dose of 76 mg/kg intraperitoneally 3 times a week for 60 days; the fourth group was exposed to the combined effect of the ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate administration during modeled metabolic syndrome. In this study we investigated a 10% homogenate of the biceps femoris muscle with the research focus on several parameters: superoxide anion radical production, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, malondialdehyde concentration, and the presence of oxidatively modified proteins. \u0000Simulation of the metabolic syndrome led to the development of oxidative stress in the biceps muscle of rats that was accompanied by an increase in the production of the superoxide anion radical and a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The administration of ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate during modeled metabolic syndrome caused a decrease in the basic production of superoxide anion radical, production of superoxide anion radical by the microsomal electron transport chain and production of superoxide anion radical by the mitochondrial electron transport chain by 30.28%, 26.21 %, and 27.00%, respectively, compared to the rats in metabolic syndrome group. Superoxide dismutase activity increased by 78.81% and catalase activity grew by 144.74% compared to the metabolic syndrome group. The concentration of free malondialdehyde under the administration of ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate during metabolic syndrome reduced by 51.80%, and the content of oxidatively modified proteins decreased by 31.74% compared to the metabolic syndrome group. \u0000The ","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"6 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140226460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.17
Leyla Vahid kizi Mammadova
The aim of the study was to evaluate the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in infants and children with congenital heart defects (CHD) in comparison with the levels in the control groups. Materials and methods. The volume study included 56 patients, including 35 cyanotic and 21 cyanotic with congenital heart disease, as well as 20 control subjects. We used a specific immunoassay to measure serum ghrelin, TNF-a and IL-6 levels. All patients' cardiac diagnoses were based on clinical examination, laboratory tests, electrocardiography and echocardiography; and none of the patients had pulmonary hypertension. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the ratio of body weight (kg) and height squared (m). The study also included 20 healthy infants and children corresponding to age and gender as a control group. Informed consent was obtained from the parents. Results. The results of the analysis indicate a significant increase in IL-6 and TNF-a levels in cyanotic and acyanotic patients with congenital heart defects compared with the control group (P < 0.0001). The findings highlight the importance of cytokines in the pathophysiology of congenital heart defects and their effect on patient growth. It is suggested that elevated levels of IL-6 and TNF-a may stimulate the process of apoptosis, which may play a key role in growth retardation. These data indicate the presence of growth disorders in a significant proportion of patients with congenital heart defects. These results provide additional details about the nature of growth disorders in patients with congenital heart defects and highlight the importance of further research to better understand the molecular and immunological mechanisms associated with this condition. Conclusion. The findings of this study support the hypothesis of the effect of cytokines on growth in congenital heart defects. Elevated levels of IL-6 and TNF-a are likely associated with chronic congestive heart failure and hypoxia. Further research is needed to confirm these results and develop therapeutic strategies for managing growth retardation in children with congenital heart defects.
{"title":"TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-Α AND INTERLEUKIN-6 IN BLOOD SERUM OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES","authors":"Leyla Vahid kizi Mammadova","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to evaluate the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in infants and children with congenital heart defects (CHD) in comparison with the levels in the control groups. Materials and methods. The volume study included 56 patients, including 35 cyanotic and 21 cyanotic with congenital heart disease, as well as 20 control subjects. We used a specific immunoassay to measure serum ghrelin, TNF-a and IL-6 levels. All patients' cardiac diagnoses were based on clinical examination, laboratory tests, electrocardiography and echocardiography; and none of the patients had pulmonary hypertension. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the ratio of body weight (kg) and height squared (m). The study also included 20 healthy infants and children corresponding to age and gender as a control group. Informed consent was obtained from the parents. Results. The results of the analysis indicate a significant increase in IL-6 and TNF-a levels in cyanotic and acyanotic patients with congenital heart defects compared with the control group (P < 0.0001). The findings highlight the importance of cytokines in the pathophysiology of congenital heart defects and their effect on patient growth. It is suggested that elevated levels of IL-6 and TNF-a may stimulate the process of apoptosis, which may play a key role in growth retardation. These data indicate the presence of growth disorders in a significant proportion of patients with congenital heart defects. These results provide additional details about the nature of growth disorders in patients with congenital heart defects and highlight the importance of further research to better understand the molecular and immunological mechanisms associated with this condition. Conclusion. The findings of this study support the hypothesis of the effect of cytokines on growth in congenital heart defects. Elevated levels of IL-6 and TNF-a are likely associated with chronic congestive heart failure and hypoxia. Further research is needed to confirm these results and develop therapeutic strategies for managing growth retardation in children with congenital heart defects.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"26 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140226913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Relevance. Salivary stones, also known as sialoliths, pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to the lack of a definitive etiology and the limitations in preventive measures. Numerous studies have presented diverse and often conflicting explanations for the formation of salivary stones, hindering the development of effective preventive strategies. Objective of this study is to synthesize existing literature on the etiology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of salivary stone disease. Materials and methods. A systematic review of the available literature was conducted to explore current perspectives on salivary stone disease. The review synthesized and systematized contemporary views on the etiology of the disease, its pathogenesis, preventive strategies, and treatment approaches. Results. Most of the authors, analyzing the main causes and accompanying factors of the occurrence of salivary stone disease, suggest to use various radiological diagnostic methods for its diagnosis. Radiological methods of research are key in the plan of carrying out differential diagnosis of salivary stone disease with other diseases and determining an adequate method of treatment. Conclusion. The review of scientific publications allows us to state that currently there are a large number of diverse and contradictory opinions about the etiology of the occurrence of salivary stone disease, and its pathogenesis is poorly studied. The methods of diagnosis of salivary stone disease proposed by the authors of scientific publications are based on the desire to find optimal and minimally invasive methods of early and accurate diagnosis of the disease.
{"title":"CURRENT ISSUES IN RADIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF SALIVARY STONE DISEASE: REVIEW ARTICLE","authors":"Dmitrо Topchiі, Oleksandr Chumachenko, Mykola Oblap","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.224","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Salivary stones, also known as sialoliths, pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to the lack of a definitive etiology and the limitations in preventive measures. Numerous studies have presented diverse and often conflicting explanations for the formation of salivary stones, hindering the development of effective preventive strategies. \u0000Objective of this study is to synthesize existing literature on the etiology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of salivary stone disease. \u0000Materials and methods. A systematic review of the available literature was conducted to explore current perspectives on salivary stone disease. The review synthesized and systematized contemporary views on the etiology of the disease, its pathogenesis, preventive strategies, and treatment approaches. \u0000Results. Most of the authors, analyzing the main causes and accompanying factors of the occurrence of salivary stone disease, suggest to use various radiological diagnostic methods for its diagnosis. \u0000Radiological methods of research are key in the plan of carrying out differential diagnosis of salivary stone disease with other diseases and determining an adequate method of treatment. \u0000Conclusion. The review of scientific publications allows us to state that currently there are a large number of diverse and contradictory opinions about the etiology of the occurrence of salivary stone disease, and its pathogenesis is poorly studied. The methods of diagnosis of salivary stone disease proposed by the authors of scientific publications are based on the desire to find optimal and minimally invasive methods of early and accurate diagnosis of the disease.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.215
O. Babkina, I.V. Kholodilova, S. I. Danylchenko
The purpose of this article is to substantiate the need for conducting cytological forensic research in the criminal investigations. Materials and methods. An investigation of regulatory, legal documents, and scientific publications was conducted using keywords in the international electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. This review, coupled with statistical analysis and generalization, aimed to evaluate forensic cytological studies performed between 2020 and 2023 at the Kyiv City Clinical Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination. Results. The results obtained revealed an upward trend in the number of forensic cytological studies conducted in recent years. Notably, studies of subungual contents, injury tools, and hand washings comprised the majority of the work, accounting for 76% of the total. Changes in the ratio are due to the fact that in recent years, the number of examinations of washings from the hands and washings from the place of the accident has increased. In the reporting year, the number of objects (washes from the penis, bed linen, clothes of suspects, condoms, napkins) for sexual crimes increased. In 2023, the number of sexual crime investigations quadrupled. To preserve crucial evidence, investigators may now directly collect swabs from suspects' genitals within medical institutions. Previously, this procedure could be lengthy, especially if the crime occurred on a weekend, potentially leading to the loss, degradation, or destruction of evidence. Conclusion. Employees of law enforcement agencies constantly emphasize the relevance, scientific validity, evidentiality of cytological studies in the investigation of criminal crimes. The increase in the number of forensic cytological studies indicates the need for a cytological department in the structure of the forensic medical service. Conducting cytological forensic research is necessary to increase the informativeness and objectivity of the expert's conclusions in cases of complex study of microtraces of blood, isolated cells, particles of damaged tissues and organs on injury instruments, in the contents of the nail, and other material evidence in the investigation of criminal crimes.
{"title":"THE ROLE OF FORENSIC CYTOLOGY IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS","authors":"O. Babkina, I.V. Kholodilova, S. I. Danylchenko","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.215","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to substantiate the need for conducting cytological forensic research in the criminal investigations. \u0000Materials and methods. An investigation of regulatory, legal documents, and scientific publications was conducted using keywords in the international electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. This review, coupled with statistical analysis and generalization, aimed to evaluate forensic cytological studies performed between 2020 and 2023 at the Kyiv City Clinical Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination. Results. The results obtained revealed an upward trend in the number of forensic cytological studies conducted in recent years. Notably, studies of subungual contents, injury tools, and hand washings comprised the majority of the work, accounting for 76% of the total. Changes in the ratio are due to the fact that in recent years, the number of examinations of washings from the hands and washings from the place of the accident has increased. In the reporting year, the number of objects (washes from the penis, bed linen, clothes of suspects, condoms, napkins) for sexual crimes increased. In 2023, the number of sexual crime investigations quadrupled. To preserve crucial evidence, investigators may now directly collect swabs from suspects' genitals within medical institutions. Previously, this procedure could be lengthy, especially if the crime occurred on a weekend, potentially leading to the loss, degradation, or destruction of evidence. \u0000Conclusion. Employees of law enforcement agencies constantly emphasize the relevance, scientific validity, evidentiality of cytological studies in the investigation of criminal crimes. The increase in the number of forensic cytological studies indicates the need for a cytological department in the structure of the forensic medical service. Conducting cytological forensic research is necessary to increase the informativeness and objectivity of the expert's conclusions in cases of complex study of microtraces of blood, isolated cells, particles of damaged tissues and organs on injury instruments, in the contents of the nail, and other material evidence in the investigation of criminal crimes.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"27 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.124
R.M. Riabushko, V.O. Kostenko
The article investigates the parameters of the nitric oxide (NO) system in the small intestine tissues of rats subjected to surgical trauma within an experimental model of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The study involved 42 white Wistar rats weighing 210-230 g, divided into 6 groups: Group 1 comprised intact animals, Group 2 included animals with the PTSD induced through single-prolonged stress (SPS), Group 3 consisted of rats subjected to a sham surgical operation, Group 4 comprised animals undergoing laparotomy, Group 5 involved rats undergoing a sham surgical operation following SPS, and Group 6 included animals undergoing laparotomy under modeled SPS. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in small intestine homogenates was assessed using spectrophotometric methods; peroxynitrite formation was determined by analyzing the content of peroxynitrite of alkali and alkaline earth metals. The study has demonstrated the SPS results in evident signs of nitrosative stress in the small intestine tissues of rats: it enhances NOS activity by activating the inducible isoform, reduces the constitutive NOS activity and coupling, and elevates the concentration of peroxynitrites of alkali and alkaline-earth metals. On the 7th day following laparotomy under PTSD modelling, nitrosative stress indicators in the small intestine tissues such as total and inducible NOS activity, as well as peroxynitrite concentrations of alkaline and alkaline-earth metals, significantly surpassed their levels following a single laparotomy under simulated single prolonged stress.
文章研究了创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）实验模型中遭受手术创伤的大鼠小肠组织中的一氧化氮（NO）系统参数。研究涉及 42 只体重 210-230 克的白色 Wistar 大鼠，分为 6 组：第 1 组包括完好无损的动物，第 2 组包括通过单次持续应激反应（SPS）诱发创伤后应激障碍的动物，第 3 组包括接受假手术的大鼠，第 4 组包括接受开腹手术的动物，第 5 组包括在 SPS 之后接受假手术的大鼠，第 6 组包括在 SPS 模型下接受开腹手术的动物。采用分光光度法评估小肠匀浆中一氧化氮合酶（NOS）的活性；通过分析碱金属和碱土金属中过氧化亚硝酸盐的含量确定过氧化亚硝酸盐的形成。研究表明，SPS 会导致大鼠小肠组织出现明显的亚硝酸应激迹象：通过激活诱导型异构体增强 NOS 活性，降低组成型 NOS 活性和偶联性，并提高碱金属和碱土金属过亚硝酸盐的浓度。在创伤后应激障碍模型下进行开腹手术后的第 7 天，小肠组织中的亚硝基应激指标，如总 NOS 活性和诱导型 NOS 活性，以及碱金属和碱土金属过亚硝酸盐的浓度，明显超过了在模拟单次长期应激下进行单次开腹手术后的水平。
{"title":"NITRIC OXIDE METABOLISM IN RAT SMALL INTESTINE TISSUES FOLLOWING SURGICAL TRAUMA REPRODUCED IN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER","authors":"R.M. Riabushko, V.O. Kostenko","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.124","url":null,"abstract":"The article investigates the parameters of the nitric oxide (NO) system in the small intestine tissues of rats subjected to surgical trauma within an experimental model of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The study involved 42 white Wistar rats weighing 210-230 g, divided into 6 groups: Group 1 comprised intact animals, Group 2 included animals with the PTSD induced through single-prolonged stress (SPS), Group 3 consisted of rats subjected to a sham surgical operation, Group 4 comprised animals undergoing laparotomy, Group 5 involved rats undergoing a sham surgical operation following SPS, and Group 6 included animals undergoing laparotomy under modeled SPS. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in small intestine homogenates was assessed using spectrophotometric methods; peroxynitrite formation was determined by analyzing the content of peroxynitrite of alkali and alkaline earth metals. The study has demonstrated the SPS results in evident signs of nitrosative stress in the small intestine tissues of rats: it enhances NOS activity by activating the inducible isoform, reduces the constitutive NOS activity and coupling, and elevates the concentration of peroxynitrites of alkali and alkaline-earth metals. On the 7th day following laparotomy under PTSD modelling, nitrosative stress indicators in the small intestine tissues such as total and inducible NOS activity, as well as peroxynitrite concentrations of alkaline and alkaline-earth metals, significantly surpassed their levels following a single laparotomy under simulated single prolonged stress.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"25 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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