Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії最新文献

{"title":"ANALYSIS OF CHRONIC EFFECTS OF CADMIUM CHLORIDE ON NEPHROGENESIS IN RATS","authors":"V. Shatorna, O. O. Krasnov","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.154","url":null,"abstract":"Basic clinical, morphological and statistical studies identify cadmium as one of the causes of toxic kidney damage and a number of diseases that overcomes the placental barrier. Determining the changes that occur in the morphology of organs under the impact of cadmium chloride in pregnant female rats is an urgent task for modern morphological research. \u0000Objectives. In this work, we investigate the nephrotoxic effects of chronic cadmium chloride exposure in pregnant rats in experiment. Material and methods. Pregnant rats with confirmed gestational age were administered a 2.0 mg/kg cadmium chloride solution daily via intragastric gavage. Surgical removal of the kidneys was performed on days 13 and 19 of gestation for subsequent analysis. We determined the kidney mass and assessed nephron elements on histological preparations. These measurements included the diameter of the renal corpuscle, the nephron capsule area, the glomerulus area, and their ratio (glomerulus area index). \u0000Results and discussion. Chronic exposure to cadmium chloride in a dose of 2.0 mg/kg reduced the weight of the kidneys in pregnant females at both periods of the study. At the histological level, an increase of the nephron capsule was found in combination with fragmentary sclerosis of glomerular capillaries that indicates the nephrotoxic effect of cadmium chloride in the indicated dose in the experiment on rats. The nephron area index of the kidneys of female rats with chronic exposure to cadmium had a pronounced tendency to decrease the area of the nephron capsule with a significant difference (p<0.001) at both time points. \u0000Conclusion. Chronic cadmium chloride exposure resulted in reduced kidney weight in females. Histological examination revealed enlarged nephron capsules alongside glomerular capillary sclerosis, indicating the nephrotoxic effect of the administered dose in this rat experiment. Notably, the nephron area index displayed a consistent decline in the area of the nephron capsule at both time points in cadmium-exposed female ras.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140227645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF INTEGRATED TREATMENT ON REPARATIVE REGENERATION OF WOUNDS AND BONE DEFECTS IN CHILDREN WITH ODONTOGENEOUS PHLEGMONS","authors":"P. Tkachenko, S. Bilokon, N. Lokhmatova, O. B. Dolenko, Y. Popelo, N. Korotych, A.I. Shvets","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.55","url":null,"abstract":"The achievements of modern septic surgery are associated with the implementation of the latest technologies and new generations of pharmacological drugs, the action of which is aimed at correcting existing disorders. Recently, special literature has presented encouraging data regarding the effectiveness of placenta cryoextract in treating inflammatory processes of the maxillofacial area. However, little attention has been given to its application in children. \u0000Objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of comprehensive treatment on the processes of reparative regeneration in wound and bone tissue in children with odontogenic phlegmons. \u0000Subjects and methods. In order to assess the course of the wound process, 29 children with phlegmons localized directly in the submandibular area were selected; the length of the incision was 5 cm. In the first group, involving 16 people, a set of measures was carried out in accordance with the medical care protocol, and in the second group, consisting of 13 patients, on the second day after the operation, an aseptic bandage with \"Levomekol\" ointment was applied to the wound surface with the addition of cryoextract of the placenta in ratios of 5:1. In order to objectify the results, pH-metry of the wound exudate was performed, a planimetric study was performed to establish the speed of retraction of the wound edges, and the cellular composition of the wound exudate was analyzed for 1, 3, and 8 days. On the first day after surgery, changes in these parameters in both groups were of the same type. On the third day, in the second group of children, the pH level improved by 9.5%, and the speed of retraction of the wound edges increased by 9.0% compared to the first group. On the 8th day, the concentration of hydrogen ions in this group increased by 9.4%, and the average area of the wound surface became smaller by 8.2% compared to the previous values. The cellular composition of the cytograms also indicated the advantages of wound healing in this group of patients. In the first group, comprising 16 individuals, a standard set of measures was implemented following the medical care protocol. In the second group, consisting of 13 patients, an aseptic bandage with \"Levomekol\" ointment, supplemented with cryoextract of placenta at a ratio of 5:1, was applied to the wound surface on the second post-operation day. To objectively assess the outcomes, pH-metry of the wound exudate was conducted, alongside planimetric studies to determine the rate of wound edge retraction. Additionally, the cellular composition of the wound exudate was analyzed at 1, 3, and 8 days post-operation. On the first day after the operation, both groups exhibited similar changes in these parameters. However, by the third day, the second group demonstrated a 9.5% improvement in pH levels and a 9.0% increase in the speed of wound edge retraction compared to the first group. By the eighth day, the second group displayed a 9.4% rise in hydr","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TREATMENT EFFICACY FOR PERIODONTAL DISEASES IN MIDDLE-AGED INDIVIDUALS","authors":"I. Horban, M. Pasichnyk, N. Mykyyevych, N. O. Mykyyevych","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.51","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to evaluate and analyze the effectiveness of the proposed treatment mode for periodontal disease in middle-aged individuals. \u0000  \u0000Subjects and methods.The study comprised 62 individuals aged 46 to 60 years, including 32 men and 30 women with periodontal tissue diseases. Among them there were 24 patients diagnosed with chronic catarrhal gingivitis, and 38 patients with generalized periodontitis at the initial-I degree of development. The examinations were conducted at the Dental Medical Centre of Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University. The comparison group underwent standard treatment, while the intervention group was recommended to use the \"Forteza\" rinse solution and \"Chlorophyllipt\" tablets. Various indices were evaluated in all patients, including the Green-Vermillion index, periodontal index, and papillary bleeding index, both before treatment, immediately after treatment, and 6 months post-treatment. Results. The results obtained indicated a significant decrease (p > 0.05) in hygiene, bleeding, and periodontal indices among patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis after treatment in both groups. However, it was noted that the baseline group exhibited superior outcomes compared to the comparison group. This difference persisted even 6 months after treatment. Similar results were obtained in patients with generalised periodontitis of the initial-I degree: the studied indices decreased in all patients immediately after treatment, but in the baseline group, the indices were significantly better immediately after treatment, and after six months. \u0000Conclusions. The study confirmed significantly better treatment results in the baseline group. In particular, in patients with CСG, the PBI index and PI index values in six months after the treatment completion were significantly better in group I B in 1.6 times (p>0.05) than in group I A. A similar result was obtained in patients with initial, I degree, GP, namely, in group II B, the PBI was significantly better in 1.6 times (p>0.05) than in group II A, and the PI index was 1.4 times, respectively. Therefore, the prospect of further research is the implementation of an effective treatment mode for periodontal disease in the clinical practice for various age groups.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS INFLUENCING UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS TO PURSUE DENTISTRY AS FUTURE CAREER AT UKRAINIAN UNIVERSITIES","authors":"N. Yanko, L. Kaskova, I. Vashchenko, L. I. Amosova, N. A. Morhun","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.208","url":null,"abstract":"People have various motivations and perceptions when choosing a future career. The purpose of this article is to compare the motivational factors for selecting dentistry as a career among local and international students at Ukrainian universities. A qualitative design was employed, using a 24-item questionnaire with closed-ended questions to survey Master's degree students in Dentistry. Students' perceptions of motivational factors were assessed on a five-point Likert scale. Statistical analysis, including the χ2-test and regression analysis, was conducted to identify differences. A total of 121 local and 59 international students participated in the questionnaire about motivation factors for pursuing dentistry. In the local group, 69.42% were female and 30.58% were male, while the international group comprised 32.20% females and 67.80% males. No significant differences were found between local and international students regarding professional status, income potential, entrepreneurial opportunities, practical skills, desire to work in healthcare, desire to work with people, or the wish to provide public service (P>0.1). However, international students expressed higher agreement regarding personal experiences with dental care and work experience. Conversely, local students placed less importance on factors like influence from friends and personal advice compared to international students. Recommendations for promoting education at the university include highlighting the professional status and income potential of dentistry, promoting practical skills development, and emphasizing the social value of the profession. To attract applicants from abroad, messaging about personal experiences in dentistry and graduates' recommendations on social networks could be effective strategies.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPACT OF MACULAR DETACHMENT DURATION IN REGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT ON VISUAL ACUITY IN POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD","authors":"L. Voskresenska, V. Ryadnova, I. Olefir","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Regmatogenous retinal detachment is a pathology leading to inevitable loss of visions. Although the anatomical success rate of retinal repair is high, the postoperative functional results are dissatisfying for most patients, leading to deterioration in their social life. Identifying new causes of incomplete visual recovery will help shed new light on this problem. Objective. This study aims at identifying and evaluating the effect of the duration of macular detachment in regmatogenous retinal detachment macula-off on postoperative best-corrected visual acuity. Material and Methods. The study involved 56 patients with primary regmatogenous retinal detachment. All of them underwent surgical treatment (posterior subtotal vitrectomy). Five groups of patients were formed according to the duration of regmatogenous retinal detachment. Follow-up examinations were conducted at day 1, week 1, week 2, one month, and three months. Best-corrected visual acuity was the main study parameter. \u0000Results. Statistically significant functional outcomes were observed in 80% of patients who were operated on within 1 to 15 days of the onset of retinal detachment (groups I and II). In group III, 31.6% of patients achieved better best-corrected visual acuity compared with the functional results of groups IV and V at the end of the 3-month follow-up period. The best-corrected visual acuity in the range of 0.5 to 1.0 was only detected in 48.48% of patients who were operated on in the first two weeks after detachment compared with those who were operated on later. \u0000Conclusions. High functional outcomes depend on the duration of the preoperative period. The best results were obtained in patients with short-term retinal detachment, namely, surgical treatment after the first two weeks of complaints (p<0.01). Functional outcomes are directly proportional to the duration of macular detachment, the longer the duration of detachment, the worse the best-corrected visual acuity (p < 0.05).","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRESERVING AND EXPANDING OLYMPIC SPORT HERITAGE: EXAMINING THE \"PAGER\" FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","authors":"I. V. Tkhoreva","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.228","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. This review aims to investigate literature on the heritage of Olympic sport participation from 2000 to 2023 in order to assess the advancement of consistency and achievements from participation in Olympic sports. \u0000Methodology. The bibliosemantic method was used to clarify the state of the problem, study the analysis of the results of previous scientific research based on printed literature and electronic sources. This review study analysed broad sections including the demographic dimension, the social dimension and the intervention process. Five main research themes were summarised from these three broad sections using the PAGER system. \u0000Results. After the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, Chinese officials declared that the goal of \"attracting 300 million people to play sports on ice and snow\" had been achieved. Historically, the London 2012 Olympic Games had a similar goal: to increase participation in sports for all through the hosting the Olympic Games. Given the goals highlighted, the impact of the Olympic Games on sport participation has certainly been significant. This impact can be called the heritage of Olympic sport, the intangible heritage of the Olympics. This has attracted the attention of many researchers in the academic field in recent years. \u0000Unlike previous reviews of sport heritage, this review applies the Patterns, Advances, Gaps, Evidence of Practice, and Research Recommendations (PAGER) framework in the stage of result analysis to enhance the quality of the findings. Numerous related studies have been studied in this review, and their scope ranges from the study of state sports policy to the impact of social, economic and cultural policies on the heritage of participation in Olympic sports. \u0000Conclusion. Current research, as reviewed here, tends to prioritize phenomenological descriptions and recommendations for future planning in Olympic sports. Notably, considerable progress has been made in this area. Several studies highlight the importance of collaboration and long-term planning between various government agencies and stakeholders for achieving success in Olympic sports and realizing their lasting social, cultural, and political impact.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140226503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF ADJUVANTS ON THE EXPRESSION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES DURING SPINAL ANESTHESIA","authors":"E.E. Shchegolkov","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.25","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To investigate the influence of adjuvants (fentanyl and dexmedetomidine) on TNF-α and IL-6 expression during spinal anesthesia based on bupivacaine. \u0000Materials and Methods. A total of 150 patients with an average age of 41.3±8.2 years undergoing endoscopic biportal discectomy were examined. Patients were divided into groups: Group 1 received intrathecally 2.5 ml hyperbaric bupivacaine; Group 2 received intrathecally 2.5 ml hyperbaric bupivacaine and 25 μg fentanyl; Group 3 received intrathecally 2.5 ml hyperbaric bupivacaine and 5 μg dexmedetomidine. Peripheral venous blood was collected 1 hour before surgery, at 12 and 24 hours postoperatively, to measure TNF-α and IL-6 levels through solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6)) may play a crucial role in modulating postoperative inflammatory reactions. However, contemporary scientific literature presents conflicting data on the influence of anesthetics on cytokine release. \u0000Groups 1 and 2 showed a significant increase in TNF-α levels at all observation stages. In Group 3, a significant elevation in TNF-α was observed only 12 hours postoperatively, with no statistically significant difference in the subsequent 24 hours. Inter-group analysis of TNF-α dynamics revealed the smallest increase in Group 3, while Group 1 had significantly higher values compared to Group 3 and Group 2. In all study groups, there was a progressive, statistically significant increase in IL-6 levels within 24 hours postoperatively. However, Group 1 exhibited consistently higher values, with statistically significant differences compared to Group 2 and Group 3. In Groups 2 and 3, statistically significant inter-group differences in IL-6 were noted 12 hours postoperatively, but there was no statistical significance in IL-6 dynamics 24 hours postoperatively. \u0000Conclusion. Intrathecal use of bupivacaine with dexmedetomidine had a lesser impact on postoperative TNF-α and IL-6 expression during endoscopic biportal discectomy.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140226864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ABUTMENT TOOTH CONDITION WITH STUMP INLAYS OVER VARIED USAGE PERIODS","authors":"R.V. Bilobrov","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.32","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to compare the condition of abutment teeth restored with stump inlays over different periods of use by applying periotestometry and radiography findings. \u0000Materials and methods. Ninety-six patients with extensively decayed dental crowns, including low crowns, were examined and treated. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A (main group, standard method for inlays) and Group B (control group, domestic ashless plastic used for modeling). Each group was further divided into three subgroups: A1 and B1 (single-rooted teeth with different crown types), A2 and B2 (collapsible cusp inlays with subsequent artificial crowns), and A3 and B3 (cusp inlays for bridge structures). The stability of the tooth was determined using a Periotest periotestometer (Germany), with scores ranging from -08 to +50 units. Radiological diagnostics and monitoring were conducted using targeted dental radiography with the X-genus DS apparatus. The degree of alveolar bone resorption was quantified using the Fuchs index of alveolar bone destruction. \u0000Result. In group A1, prosthetics with full cast crowns prior to orthopedic treatment initially improved stability by 2.93%, but this effect diminished by 3.39% after 12 months. Both metal-ceramic and all-ceramic crowns led to a decline in stability over the study period. Group B1 exhibited a stability increase of 1.42%, which reduced to 1.14% after 12 months. Metal-ceramic and all-ceramic crowns influenced tooth stability differently throughout the study. Within group B2, prosthetics with full cast crowns initially raised stability by 1.92%, yet this effect decreased to 0.28% after 12 months. Similarly, metal-ceramic and all-ceramic crowns indicated fluctuations in stability of supporting teeth over the study duration. In group A3, prosthetics with full cast bridges prior to orthopedic treatment initially increased stability by 0.86%, declining to a decrease of 2.07% after 12 months. Metal-ceramic bridges exhibited a smaller indicator at 6 months compared to pre-treatment, with this decrease persisting after 12 months. Conversely, all-ceramic bridges demonstrated stability enhancement by 0.61% after 6 months, persisting higher by 1.92% after 12 months. For group B3, prosthetics with full cast bridges prior to orthopedic treatment increased stability by 1.55%, maintaining a higher stability by 1.91% after 12 months. Metal-ceramic bridges indicated a decrease at 6 months compared to pre-treatment, persisting after 12 months. All-ceramic bridges showed a stability decrease by 2.42% after 6 months, yet remaining higher by 1.92% after 12 months compared to pre-treatment levels. \u0000Conclusions. The choice of prosthetic method for the manufacture of pin-and-stem inlays should be justified, taking into account the clinical situation and individual needs of each patient.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140227410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REFINING METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ENHANCE TEACHING QUALITY AT THE DEPARTMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES WITH EPIDEMIOLOGY","authors":"V. A. Poltorapavlov, T. I. Koval, N. Pryimenko, O.G. Marchenko, A.I. Vatsenko","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.195","url":null,"abstract":"Reforming Ukrainian higher medical education is imperative, not only to address issues related to the recognition of Ukrainian diplomas abroad and to enhance the competitiveness of Ukrainian medical institutions and their graduates on the European and global job markets, but also to elevate the efficiency and quality of education. Furthermore, the recent full-scale invasion has resulted in the loss of a significant potential in medical universities across the southeastern region of Ukraine. \u0000Amidst the ongoing reform of the Ukrainian higher education system, all institutions are transitioning towards a competency-based approach. This approach aims to cultivate and foster specific types and subtypes of competencies in students by ensuring comprehensive assimilation of essential knowledge and practical methodologies. \u0000The training of highly skilled medical professionals encompasses multidisciplinary education, extending beyond therapy to encompass knowledge spanning over two dozen specialties. Of utmost importance is the ability to diagnose and treat patients with acute and chronic therapeutic and surgical conditions, as well as to provide urgent medical assistance. \u0000The epidemiological landscape concerning numerous infectious diseases in various countries remains volatile. Incidences of viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, influenza, SARS, AIDS, Lyme borreliosis, among others, continue to rise in Ukraine and neighboring regions. A completely new challenge for the world community is the outbreak of Ebola fever in West Africa, monkeypox and its spread around the world. The appearance of pathogens of infectious diseases resistant to previously developed effective drugs is a cause for concern. Nowadays, the global crisis precipitated by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, underscores the urgency for education on emerging and re-emerging infections. \u0000Given these challenges, the qualification level of future specialists in infectious diseases and epidemiology assumes paramount importance. These professionals must be equipped to organize and deliver medical care under adverse conditions such as war, pandemics, shortages of medical personnel and medications, and a dearth of theoretical and practical knowledge, especially in the face of new infections. To facilitate optimal learning amidst such crises, a phased approach is proposed that includes centralized distance education, methodological support, and practical skill acquisition. By implementing these measures, the assimilation of material and the quality of education can be enhanced for those seeking education during times of crisis.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140227937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF QUERCETIN ON THE PRODUCTION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN-NITROGEN FORMS IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE INTERSTITIAL SPACE OF RAT TESTICLES WITH LONG-TERM EFFECT OF TRIPTORELIN","authors":"Y. Stetsuk, V. Shepitko, T. M. Zaporozhets, O. M. Pronina, N. Boruta","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.134","url":null,"abstract":"Quercetin is a flavonoid commonly found in fruits, vegetables, and seeds. Flavonoids can help prevent cardiovascular diseases, reduce the risk of degenerative brain processes and cancer. Studies have shown that blocking the synthesis of luteinising hormone can lead to oxidative stress in the liver, heart, and salivary glands of rats. The purpose of this study was to assess alterations in the interstitial space of rat testes, identify sources of nitric oxide production, and measure the intensity of oxidative stress in the testes during long-term experimental central blocking of luteinising hormone synthesis by tryptorelin. The study was conducted on 15 sexually mature male white rats. The animals were divided into two groups. The first group (control) received a subcutaneous injection of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The second group (experimental) received a subcutaneous injection of tryptorelin at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg of active ingredient for 365 days, with simultaneous addition of quercetin to the diet, which was administered orally through a gastric tube three times a day. Total nitric oxide production was assessed by measuring the activity of total NO synthase (gNOS). The activity of gNOS was determined by the increase in nitrite (NO2-) after incubation in Tris-buffered saline. The nitrite concentration was determined using the Gris-Ilosvay reagent at a wavelength of 540 nm. The activity of the inducible (iNOS) and constitutive (cNOS) isoforms was also determined using a selective iNOS inhibitor, aminoguanidine hydrochloride. The production of superoxide anion radical (O2--) was measured by the increase in the formation of diformazan resulting from the reaction of O2-- with nitroblue tetrazolium after incubation in a buffered solution containing sodium hydroxide. The administration of quercetin mitigates the adverse effects of tryptorelin on the structural and functional components of the connective tissue in the rat testes. This effect is observed on day 365 and is characterised by fibrosis and impaired nitric oxide production by constitutive isoforms of NO synthase.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140224710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}