Pub Date : 2024-05-20DOI: 10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.250
A. Mohylnyk, L. Vishnikina, K. Tarasenko, S. Suprunenko, A. Davydenko
In today’s information-saturated world, individuals are inundated with verbal and visual messages, leading to the development of what is termed “clip thinking” as an adaptive response. This phenomenon, characterized by constant interaction with superficial and nonsensical texts, alongside continuous internet browsing, has profound implications beyond mere cognition. Clip thinking, a systemic issue, extends its influence beyond cognitive processes. Its roots lie in the transmission of information through modern gadgets, the ubiquity of the internet, and the prevalence of clip culture. Modern youth, constrained by the small screens of digital devices and the constant scrolling of text, are increasingly averse to engaging with complex material, resulting in decreased information retention and comprehension. This shift in information consumption habits has concerning implications for higher education. Many students rely heavily on electronic aids, neglecting memorization and overlooking the importance of understanding complex texts. Consequently, the prevalence of fragmented thinking among students leads to deficiencies in conceptual and critical thinking skills. Instead of engaging deeply with subject matter, students often resort to generalized concepts, overlooking causal connections. Carriers of clip thinking become vulnerable to any manipulations by the mass media, as the mosaic nature of their consciousness is capable perceive only what is happening right now and information provided through information and telecommunication gadgets without subjecting it to critical analysis. Hence, university lecturers face significant challenges as they endeavor to navigate the need for innovative teaching methodologies in light of the fragmented thinking prevalent among modern students. The searching for innovative teaching technologies should not solely aim at altering the thinking patterns of students with clip-like cognitive tendencies. Rather, the primary objective of modern educational technologies should be to foster the mental skills necessary for information analysis and synthesis, as well as the identification of similarities and differences, generalizations, and classifications within the information landscape. Hence, this topic retains its profound relevance in contemporary education.
{"title":"“COGNITIVE FRAGMENTATION” AS A CONSEQUENCE OF CLIP THINKING AND ITS IMPACT ON MODERN SOCIETY EVOLUTION","authors":"A. Mohylnyk, L. Vishnikina, K. Tarasenko, S. Suprunenko, A. Davydenko","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.250","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s information-saturated world, individuals are inundated with verbal and visual messages, leading to the development of what is termed “clip thinking” as an adaptive response. This phenomenon, characterized by constant interaction with superficial and nonsensical texts, alongside continuous internet browsing, has profound implications beyond mere cognition. \u0000Clip thinking, a systemic issue, extends its influence beyond cognitive processes. Its roots lie in the transmission of information through modern gadgets, the ubiquity of the internet, and the prevalence of clip culture. Modern youth, constrained by the small screens of digital devices and the constant scrolling of text, are increasingly averse to engaging with complex material, resulting in decreased information retention and comprehension. \u0000This shift in information consumption habits has concerning implications for higher education. Many students rely heavily on electronic aids, neglecting memorization and overlooking the importance of understanding complex texts. Consequently, the prevalence of fragmented thinking among students leads to deficiencies in conceptual and critical thinking skills. Instead of engaging deeply with subject matter, students often resort to generalized concepts, overlooking causal connections. \u0000Carriers of clip thinking become vulnerable to any manipulations by the mass media, as the mosaic nature of their consciousness is capable perceive only what is happening right now and information provided through information and telecommunication gadgets without subjecting it to critical analysis. Hence, university lecturers face significant challenges as they endeavor to navigate the need for innovative teaching methodologies in light of the fragmented thinking prevalent among modern students. \u0000The searching for innovative teaching technologies should not solely aim at altering the thinking patterns of students with clip-like cognitive tendencies. Rather, the primary objective of modern educational technologies should be to foster the mental skills necessary for information analysis and synthesis, as well as the identification of similarities and differences, generalizations, and classifications within the information landscape. Hence, this topic retains its profound relevance in contemporary education.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"66 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141121520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-20DOI: 10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.273
O. A. Toropov, V. O. Lychman, K.P. Lokes
Microtia, a developmental anomaly of the external ear resulting in a deformed auricle, affects 1 to 5 individuals per 10,000. Literature suggests a male predominance, with nearly 2.5 times more male patients affected than females. Additionally, there is a notable right-sided predilection, leading to pronounced asymmetry, observed in approximately 83% of cases. Surgical reconstruction is the primary treatment for microtia, albeit a technically demanding procedure with challenges in achieving optimal aesthetic outcomes. Reconstruction typically involves autologous costal cartilage, known for its effectiveness but requiring advanced surgical skills. Complications, including pneumothorax, postoperative pain, chest wall deformity, and pathological scarring, are common with this approach. In recent years, surgeons have increasingly adopted modern techniques utilizing porous high-density polyethylene implants for reconstruction. This approach is gaining popularity due to the challenges associated with achieving satisfactory cosmetic results using autologous costal cartilage reconstruction. Based on the bibliosemantic and analytical methods employed to analyze the literature, we posit that this topic necessitates further investigation and a multidisciplinary approach. The involvement of otolaryngologists and maxillofacial surgeons is imperative for the comprehensive treatment of this pathology.
{"title":"CURRENT APPROACHES TO MANAGING MICROTIA","authors":"O. A. Toropov, V. O. Lychman, K.P. Lokes","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.273","url":null,"abstract":"Microtia, a developmental anomaly of the external ear resulting in a deformed auricle, affects 1 to 5 individuals per 10,000. Literature suggests a male predominance, with nearly 2.5 times more male patients affected than females. Additionally, there is a notable right-sided predilection, leading to pronounced asymmetry, observed in approximately 83% of cases. \u0000Surgical reconstruction is the primary treatment for microtia, albeit a technically demanding procedure with challenges in achieving optimal aesthetic outcomes. Reconstruction typically involves autologous costal cartilage, known for its effectiveness but requiring advanced surgical skills. Complications, including pneumothorax, postoperative pain, chest wall deformity, and pathological scarring, are common with this approach. \u0000In recent years, surgeons have increasingly adopted modern techniques utilizing porous high-density polyethylene implants for reconstruction. This approach is gaining popularity due to the challenges associated with achieving satisfactory cosmetic results using autologous costal cartilage reconstruction. \u0000Based on the bibliosemantic and analytical methods employed to analyze the literature, we posit that this topic necessitates further investigation and a multidisciplinary approach. The involvement of otolaryngologists and maxillofacial surgeons is imperative for the comprehensive treatment of this pathology.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"21 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141122502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to analyze the mental health issues among students at the National University “Yuriy Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic”, taking into account the international experiences in implementing psychosocial diagnostic programs. Based on this analysis, recommendations were formulated for the effective implementation of programs aimed at enhancing the mental well-being of the Ukrainian student community. Materials and Methods: A total of 812 students from various specialties at Yuriy Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic National University participated in the study. The age range of the participants was between 18 and 22 years old, with 47% (382 individuals) being male and 53% (430 individuals) female, ensuring gender balance in the sample distribution and representing a diverse cross-section of respondents. The survey was conducted anonymously using a Google form, thereby upholding the principle of confidentiality in psychological research. Result and discussion. The survey revealed a correlation between military operations and an escalation in anxiety disorders among civilians and refugees within the Ukrainian context. However, there remains an incomplete understanding of the mental well-being of the youth demographic. Presently, numerous studies indicate a decline in the psycho-emotional state of Ukrainian students. A significant proportion of respondents reported feelings of depression, nervousness, loneliness, and anger, with an uptick in cases involving alcohol, tobacco, and sedative abuse. An investigation into the mental health of women within educational institutions, including female students and teachers, unveiled heightened levels of fear and diminished resilience to stressful situations. This methodological approach facilitated the organization of information, enabling an objective comprehension of the issue and the formulation of specific recommendations for future action. Notably, there is a pressing need to implement programs aimed at enhancing both mental and physical health. Initiatives incorporating physical activity, balanced nutrition, and relaxation techniques have demonstrated potential in reducing stress levels and fostering improved mental well-being among students. Conclusions: The proposed recommendations are geared towards enhancing mental health standards and mitigating the impact of psychological challenges on academic performance, social integration, and overall life satisfaction.
{"title":"INTEGRATED APPROACH TO YOUTH MENTAL HEALTH","authors":"V.I. Horoshko, E.H. Khomenko, K.V. Sedykh, S.I. Danylchenko","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.153","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to analyze the mental health issues among students at the National University “Yuriy Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic”, taking into account the international experiences in implementing psychosocial diagnostic programs. Based on this analysis, recommendations were formulated for the effective implementation of programs aimed at enhancing the mental well-being of the Ukrainian student community. \u0000Materials and Methods: A total of 812 students from various specialties at Yuriy Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic National University participated in the study. The age range of the participants was between 18 and 22 years old, with 47% (382 individuals) being male and 53% (430 individuals) female, ensuring gender balance in the sample distribution and representing a diverse cross-section of respondents. The survey was conducted anonymously using a Google form, thereby upholding the principle of confidentiality in psychological research. \u0000Result and discussion. The survey revealed a correlation between military operations and an escalation in anxiety disorders among civilians and refugees within the Ukrainian context. However, there remains an incomplete understanding of the mental well-being of the youth demographic. Presently, numerous studies indicate a decline in the psycho-emotional state of Ukrainian students. A significant proportion of respondents reported feelings of depression, nervousness, loneliness, and anger, with an uptick in cases involving alcohol, tobacco, and sedative abuse. An investigation into the mental health of women within educational institutions, including female students and teachers, unveiled heightened levels of fear and diminished resilience to stressful situations. \u0000This methodological approach facilitated the organization of information, enabling an objective comprehension of the issue and the formulation of specific recommendations for future action. Notably, there is a pressing need to implement programs aimed at enhancing both mental and physical health. Initiatives incorporating physical activity, balanced nutrition, and relaxation techniques have demonstrated potential in reducing stress levels and fostering improved mental well-being among students. \u0000Conclusions: The proposed recommendations are geared towards enhancing mental health standards and mitigating the impact of psychological challenges on academic performance, social integration, and overall life satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"21 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141122504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-20DOI: 10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.44
I.O. Pilat, I.M. Skrypnyk
Introduction. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and coronary artery disease often exacerbate each other, leading to a more severe course of both conditions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of coronary artery disease in dislipidemia and liver fibrosis progression in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Materials and methods. Forty-six patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease were examined. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of concomitant coronary artery disease: group I (n=24) included patients with both metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and coronary artery disease, while group II (n=22) included patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease only. A third group (Group III) comprised healthy individuals. Specific lipid metabolism parameters, obesity stage, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity, and platelet count were examined. Fibrosis stage was evaluated using the FIB-4 score. The findings obtained were statistically processed. Results. Arterial hypertension was more prevalent in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and concomitant coronary artery disease. In group I, arterial hypertension was observed in 95.8% of cases, whereas in group II, it was observed in 40.9% of cases (χ2=16.35, p=0.00005). Patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease exhibited elevated levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, and triglycerides, leading to an increased atherogenic index. Conversely, high-density lipoprotein levels were decreased (p>0.05). The degree of fibrosis according to the FIB-4 score was 1.45 times higher in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and concomitant coronary artery disease compared to those without coronary artery disease.
{"title":"IMPACT OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE ON STEATOTIC LIVER DISEASE PROGRESSION","authors":"I.O. Pilat, I.M. Skrypnyk","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.44","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and coronary artery disease often exacerbate each other, leading to a more severe course of both conditions. \u0000The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of coronary artery disease in dislipidemia and liver fibrosis progression in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. \u0000Materials and methods. Forty-six patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease were examined. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of concomitant coronary artery disease: group I (n=24) included patients with both metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and coronary artery disease, while group II (n=22) included patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease only. A third group (Group III) comprised healthy individuals. Specific lipid metabolism parameters, obesity stage, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity, and platelet count were examined. Fibrosis stage was evaluated using the FIB-4 score. The findings obtained were statistically processed. \u0000Results. Arterial hypertension was more prevalent in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and concomitant coronary artery disease. In group I, arterial hypertension was observed in 95.8% of cases, whereas in group II, it was observed in 40.9% of cases (χ2=16.35, p=0.00005). Patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease exhibited elevated levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, and triglycerides, leading to an increased atherogenic index. Conversely, high-density lipoprotein levels were decreased (p>0.05). The degree of fibrosis according to the FIB-4 score was 1.45 times higher in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and concomitant coronary artery disease compared to those without coronary artery disease.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"83 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141121096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-20DOI: 10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.298
Azerbaijan State
The purpose of this work is to clarify the latest opinions of clinicians about the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of necrotic enterocolitis, as well as the role of microflora in the pathogenesis of this pathology. Material and methods. Search Strategy: A literature search was conducted in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science (Thomson Reuters), Scopus, Cochrane Library, SpringerLink, and EBSCOhost ScienceDirect. The search spanned 20 years, from 2000 to 2020. In this review, we included 39 articles on this topic, which were available in full text and analyzed through critical evaluation. Results.According to the literature, necrotizing enterocolitis is primarily attributed to prematurity, compounded by the disruption of intestinal microflora composition due to artificial feeding, leading to an inflammatory reaction in the immature intestine. Delayed detection of the initial signs of necrotizing enterocolitis exacerbates treatment outcomes. In clinical practice, two main dilemmas in necrotizing enterocolitis diagnosis arise. Firstly, distinguishing early necrotizing enterocolitis from sepsis can be challenging, resulting in delayed diagnosis and treatment. Secondly, the optimal timing for surgical intervention remains unclear. Conclusion. There is a need to elucidate the latest opinions of clinicians regarding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis, including the role of microflora in its pathogenesis. Treatment strategies should integrate various models of clinical prognosis and biomarkers to accurately diagnose and tailor therapy for necrotizing enterocolitis.
{"title":"A CLINICAL REVIEW OF DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS AND THE ROLE OF THE GUT MICROBIOTA IN PRETERM INFANTS WITH NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS","authors":"Azerbaijan State","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.298","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work is to clarify the latest opinions of clinicians about the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of necrotic enterocolitis, as well as the role of microflora in the pathogenesis of this pathology. Material and methods. Search Strategy: A literature search was conducted in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science (Thomson Reuters), Scopus, Cochrane Library, SpringerLink, and EBSCOhost ScienceDirect. The search spanned 20 years, from 2000 to 2020. In this review, we included 39 articles on this topic, which were available in full text and analyzed through critical evaluation. Results.According to the literature, necrotizing enterocolitis is primarily attributed to prematurity, compounded by the disruption of intestinal microflora composition due to artificial feeding, leading to an inflammatory reaction in the immature intestine. Delayed detection of the initial signs of necrotizing enterocolitis exacerbates treatment outcomes. In clinical practice, two main dilemmas in necrotizing enterocolitis diagnosis arise. Firstly, distinguishing early necrotizing enterocolitis from sepsis can be challenging, resulting in delayed diagnosis and treatment. Secondly, the optimal timing for surgical intervention remains unclear. Conclusion. There is a need to elucidate the latest opinions of clinicians regarding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis, including the role of microflora in its pathogenesis. Treatment strategies should integrate various models of clinical prognosis and biomarkers to accurately diagnose and tailor therapy for necrotizing enterocolitis.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"41 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141122100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-20DOI: 10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.131
Ya. O. Oliinichenko
The influence of exogenous factors is a common cause of digestive disorders. Food chemical additives are important in the list of harmful exogenous factors. Despite the availability of literature data on their adverse effects on various systems and organs, the information on their complex impact on the ileum is limited and requires further study. The present study aimed to determine the metric changes in the ileal wall of rats during the early stages of administration of a complex of food chemical additives including monosodium glutamate, sodium nitrite, and ponceau 4R. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on mature white rats, divided into control and experimental groups. The control group received saline, and the experimental group received a complex of food chemical additives prepared following the standard methodology for 1 and 4 weeks orally. Material sampling and morphometric studies were performed according to generally accepted methods. The following parameters of the ileum wall were determined: total average wall thickness and average thickness of the serous membrane, muscle layer, submucosal and mucosal layers lseparately. Results. Changes in the indicators were found after the first week of administration of the food additives complex. In particular, the total intestinal wall thickness increased by 1.51 times compared to the control; after the fourth week, this indicator slightly decreased, although it was 1.22 times higher than the control group (p<0.05). The average mucosal thickness was 1.67 and 1.35 higher than in the control group after the first and fourth week, respectively. The average thickness of the submucosal layer also changed; after the first week, this indicator was 1.12 times lower than the control one; after the fourth week, the indicator increased by 1.21 times and 1.34 times compared to the control group and the previous observation period (p<0.05), respectively. As for the muscular layer, compared to the control group, after the first week, this indicator was 1.58 times higher (p<0.05). After the fourth week, it was 1.19 times higher than the control group and 1.33 times lower than the previous period. The average thickness of the serous layer was 1.44 times higher after the first week and 1.58 times higher after the fourth week compared to the control group. Conclusion. Thus, the introduction of a complex of food chemical additives leads to metric changes in the ileal wall of the ileum at the early stages of the experiment due to hyperhydration of connective tissue, impaired blood circulation, and pericellular oedema of the structural components of all membranes.
{"title":"ALTERATIONS IN RAT ILEAL WALL METRICS FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF A COMPLEX OF FOOD CHEMICAL ADDITIVES DURIGN THE EARLY STAGES OF THE EXPERIMENT","authors":"Ya. O. Oliinichenko","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.131","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of exogenous factors is a common cause of digestive disorders. Food chemical additives are important in the list of harmful exogenous factors. Despite the availability of literature data on their adverse effects on various systems and organs, the information on their complex impact on the ileum is limited and requires further study. The present study aimed to determine the metric changes in the ileal wall of rats during the early stages of administration of a complex of food chemical additives including monosodium glutamate, sodium nitrite, and ponceau 4R. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on mature white rats, divided into control and experimental groups. The control group received saline, and the experimental group received a complex of food chemical additives prepared following the standard methodology for 1 and 4 weeks orally. Material sampling and morphometric studies were performed according to generally accepted methods. The following parameters of the ileum wall were determined: total average wall thickness and average thickness of the serous membrane, muscle layer, submucosal and mucosal layers lseparately. Results. Changes in the indicators were found after the first week of administration of the food additives complex. In particular, the total intestinal wall thickness increased by 1.51 times compared to the control; after the fourth week, this indicator slightly decreased, although it was 1.22 times higher than the control group (p<0.05). The average mucosal thickness was 1.67 and 1.35 higher than in the control group after the first and fourth week, respectively. The average thickness of the submucosal layer also changed; after the first week, this indicator was 1.12 times lower than the control one; after the fourth week, the indicator increased by 1.21 times and 1.34 times compared to the control group and the previous observation period (p<0.05), respectively. As for the muscular layer, compared to the control group, after the first week, this indicator was 1.58 times higher (p<0.05). After the fourth week, it was 1.19 times higher than the control group and 1.33 times lower than the previous period. The average thickness of the serous layer was 1.44 times higher after the first week and 1.58 times higher after the fourth week compared to the control group. Conclusion. Thus, the introduction of a complex of food chemical additives leads to metric changes in the ileal wall of the ileum at the early stages of the experiment due to hyperhydration of connective tissue, impaired blood circulation, and pericellular oedema of the structural components of all membranes.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"77 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141123574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-20DOI: 10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.113
Yu.A. Molochek, S. I. Savosko
Introduction. The morphological features of the respiratory system in laryngomalacia remain insufficiently understood, particularly regarding structural, cytological, and functional alterations. The aim of this study is to investigate the morphological characteristics of the respiratory compartment in the lungs of sexually immature rats, conduct a morphometric assessment of lung tissue density, analyze the dynamics of erythrocyte mass and collagen accumulation, and identify correlations between these parameters. Materials and Methods: The study involved sexually immature male Wistar rats aged 25-28 days and weighing 40-55 g. Partial tracheal stenosis was induced in experimental animals using a developed method, restricting the tracheal lumen by 20-25%. The stenosis was maintained for 7 and 21 days in different groups. In one group, tracheal stenosis was relieved after 7 days by removing the compressive ligature. Histological, histochemical, and morphometric methods were employed to study changes in lung tissue. Results. Pathological changes in lung tissue during hypoxia were characterized by an increase in the number of different types of cells and erythrocyte mass, especially on the 21st day of the experiment and the removal of ligatures from the trachea in experimental animals. Disturbances in the microcirculation of the lung acini were manifested by a sharp increase in blood filling of the microvessels and expansion of their lumen. In this case, the process of erythrocyte penetration into the lumen of the alveoli was sometimes noted. The results of histochemical detection of collagen indicate that in the lung tissue of experimental animals there is no activation of fibrogenetic processes, which would be accompanied by a simultaneous increase in the specific density of collagen. Indicators characterizing the lung tissue (number of cells, their specific density) made it possible to evaluate the corresponding correlations. At the same time, they were not associated with the level of collagen or erythrocyte density in the studied loci of the respiratory system of experimental sexually immature rats. A significant increase in the specific density of erythrocyte mass in lung tissue did not depend on the duration of the experiment. Removal of the ligature and restoration of the tracheal lumen did not significantly affect the restoration of alveolar acini and the spectrum of identified cells. In addition, an increase in the specific density of lung tissue was observed. Conclusion. The findings of this study contribute to deeper understanding of lung damage in children with laryngomalacia and associated respiratory system ventilation impairment. The observed reactive changes in lung connective tissue and collagen synthesis during hypoxia do not necessarily indicate the development of respiratory system fibrosis. However, longer exposure to hypoxic conditions may increase the risk of fibrosis in children.
{"title":"DYNAMIC CHANGES IN HISTOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC INDICATORS OF THE LUNGS IN SEXUALLY IMMATURE RATS DURING SIMULATION OF PARTIAL TRACHEAL STENOSIS","authors":"Yu.A. Molochek, S. I. Savosko","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.113","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The morphological features of the respiratory system in laryngomalacia remain insufficiently understood, particularly regarding structural, cytological, and functional alterations. The aim of this study is to investigate the morphological characteristics of the respiratory compartment in the lungs of sexually immature rats, conduct a morphometric assessment of lung tissue density, analyze the dynamics of erythrocyte mass and collagen accumulation, and identify correlations between these parameters. Materials and Methods: The study involved sexually immature male Wistar rats aged 25-28 days and weighing 40-55 g. Partial tracheal stenosis was induced in experimental animals using a developed method, restricting the tracheal lumen by 20-25%. The stenosis was maintained for 7 and 21 days in different groups. In one group, tracheal stenosis was relieved after 7 days by removing the compressive ligature. Histological, histochemical, and morphometric methods were employed to study changes in lung tissue. Results. Pathological changes in lung tissue during hypoxia were characterized by an increase in the number of different types of cells and erythrocyte mass, especially on the 21st day of the experiment and the removal of ligatures from the trachea in experimental animals. Disturbances in the microcirculation of the lung acini were manifested by a sharp increase in blood filling of the microvessels and expansion of their lumen. In this case, the process of erythrocyte penetration into the lumen of the alveoli was sometimes noted. The results of histochemical detection of collagen indicate that in the lung tissue of experimental animals there is no activation of fibrogenetic processes, which would be accompanied by a simultaneous increase in the specific density of collagen. Indicators characterizing the lung tissue (number of cells, their specific density) made it possible to evaluate the corresponding correlations. At the same time, they were not associated with the level of collagen or erythrocyte density in the studied loci of the respiratory system of experimental sexually immature rats. A significant increase in the specific density of erythrocyte mass in lung tissue did not depend on the duration of the experiment. Removal of the ligature and restoration of the tracheal lumen did not significantly affect the restoration of alveolar acini and the spectrum of identified cells. In addition, an increase in the specific density of lung tissue was observed. Conclusion. The findings of this study contribute to deeper understanding of lung damage in children with laryngomalacia and associated respiratory system ventilation impairment. The observed reactive changes in lung connective tissue and collagen synthesis during hypoxia do not necessarily indicate the development of respiratory system fibrosis. However, longer exposure to hypoxic conditions may increase the risk of fibrosis in children.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"38 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141119165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Before scanning the surface of the base acrylic plastic, ten samples were selected with a surface that had undergone all stages of finishing according to the proper dental protocol and ten samples that had previously been artificially damaged with scratches using sandpaper. This study addresses the assessment of the quality of removable orthopedic appliances concerning surface polishing and detection of microdefects. The research employs a comparative analysis of reference samples of base plastic and artificially damaged samples using flaw detection analysis. Prior to scanning the surface of the base acrylic plastic, ten samples underwent all stages of finishing according to dental protocol, while another ten samples were intentionally damaged with scratches using sandpaper. The macrophotographs obtained were processed using the "Image J" program, allowing for quantitative analysis of images, enabling the evaluation of surface quality through various parameters. This included evaluating the total number of defects, as well as the average area and perimeter of the defects. Statistical analysis conducted in the JUSP program enabled comparison between the two groups of samples, identifying significant quantitative differences. Based on the prominent indicators available in the Image J program, conclusions were drawn regarding the quality of the acrylic plastic surface and the factors influencing its condition through specific mechanical defects. The proposed method of light-optical flaw detection expands the clinical assessment capabilities of removable orthopedic structures (base plastic), particularly concerning potential bacterial contamination, which can serve as a significant factor in the formation of inflammation foci on the mucous membrane of the denture-supporting oral tissues. Flaw detection analysis enables a comprehensive assessment of material surface polishing quality and the detection of surface defects that may arise during production or use, thus preventing biofilm accumulation. The experiment demonstrated the effectiveness of light-optical flaw detection and highlights the potential for its further improvement and broader implementation in clinical practice.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF SURFACE QUALITY IN BASE ACRYLIC PLASTIC USING FLAW DETECTION METHOD","authors":"V.O. Kurilo, D.M. Korol, M.M. Maluchenko, A.M. Ramus","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.74","url":null,"abstract":"Before scanning the surface of the base acrylic plastic, ten samples were selected with a surface that had undergone all stages of finishing according to the proper dental protocol and ten samples that had previously been artificially damaged with scratches using sandpaper. \u0000This study addresses the assessment of the quality of removable orthopedic appliances concerning surface polishing and detection of microdefects. The research employs a comparative analysis of reference samples of base plastic and artificially damaged samples using flaw detection analysis. \u0000Prior to scanning the surface of the base acrylic plastic, ten samples underwent all stages of finishing according to dental protocol, while another ten samples were intentionally damaged with scratches using sandpaper. The macrophotographs obtained were processed using the \"Image J\" program, allowing for quantitative analysis of images, enabling the evaluation of surface quality through various parameters. This included evaluating the total number of defects, as well as the average area and perimeter of the defects. Statistical analysis conducted in the JUSP program enabled comparison between the two groups of samples, identifying significant quantitative differences. Based on the prominent indicators available in the Image J program, conclusions were drawn regarding the quality of the acrylic plastic surface and the factors influencing its condition through specific mechanical defects. \u0000The proposed method of light-optical flaw detection expands the clinical assessment capabilities of removable orthopedic structures (base plastic), particularly concerning potential bacterial contamination, which can serve as a significant factor in the formation of inflammation foci on the mucous membrane of the denture-supporting oral tissues. Flaw detection analysis enables a comprehensive assessment of material surface polishing quality and the detection of surface defects that may arise during production or use, thus preventing biofilm accumulation. \u0000The experiment demonstrated the effectiveness of light-optical flaw detection and highlights the potential for its further improvement and broader implementation in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"36 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141120539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-20DOI: 10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.284
O. Berzin, V.E. Kondratiuk
Introduction. The disturbance in biosynthetic activity of pinealocytes of the pineal gland and subsequent melatonin deficiency in the body are linked to the progression of certain chronic diseases. This has prompted research into correcting chrono-biological dysfunctions, particularly in conditions such as gout and its comorbidities. This study aims to analyze the potential use of melatonin in correcting metabolic disorders in gout and to justify its use as a pharmacotherapeutic agent for treating metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Materials and methods. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of modern scientific literature from specialized domestic and foreign sources. Emphasis was placed on studies exploring the pharmacological and pharmacotherapeutic aspects of melatonin use in both experimental and clinical settings, particularly those conducted in the last 5-6 years. Results. The research data revealed three main aspects of the problem that must be addressed to understand the experimental, biological, pharmacological, and pharmacotherapeutic foundations for the long-term use of melatonin in clinical practice. The first part of the review highlighted the significant impact of melatonin homeostasis disruption on the pathogenesis of gout and its progression in comorbidity with other conditions such as hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. The role of chronobiological disorders and desynchronosis in the progression of these diseases was also established. Pharmacological studies demonstrated the pivotal role of melatonin, as an important factor in neuroendocrine regulation, in organizing the circadian rhythm of the body's vital functions under normal and pathological conditions. Melatonin was found to normalize the pathological processes underlying gout development and comorbid diseases, providing a scientific basis for its use in the treatment of gout, cardiovascular diseases, disturbed metabolic processes, and normalization of circadian rhythms in patients with these conditions. Conclusions. This paper presents data on the causes of gout development and progression, as well as some comorbid diseases, from the perspective of chronobiological disruptions in the body's functions. The review sections delve into the pharmacological and pharmacotherapeutic aspects of melatonin's therapeutic action. The findings confirm the importance of melatonin in effectively treating gout and other comorbid diseases and metabolic disorders.
{"title":"PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MELATONIN AND ITS POTENTIAL APPLICATION IN THERAPY OF GOUT AND ASSOCIATED DISEASES","authors":"O. Berzin, V.E. Kondratiuk","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.284","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The disturbance in biosynthetic activity of pinealocytes of the pineal gland and subsequent melatonin deficiency in the body are linked to the progression of certain chronic diseases. This has prompted research into correcting chrono-biological dysfunctions, particularly in conditions such as gout and its comorbidities. This study aims to analyze the potential use of melatonin in correcting metabolic disorders in gout and to justify its use as a pharmacotherapeutic agent for treating metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. \u0000Materials and methods. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of modern scientific literature from specialized domestic and foreign sources. Emphasis was placed on studies exploring the pharmacological and pharmacotherapeutic aspects of melatonin use in both experimental and clinical settings, particularly those conducted in the last 5-6 years. \u0000Results. The research data revealed three main aspects of the problem that must be addressed to understand the experimental, biological, pharmacological, and pharmacotherapeutic foundations for the long-term use of melatonin in clinical practice. The first part of the review highlighted the significant impact of melatonin homeostasis disruption on the pathogenesis of gout and its progression in comorbidity with other conditions such as hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. The role of chronobiological disorders and desynchronosis in the progression of these diseases was also established. Pharmacological studies demonstrated the pivotal role of melatonin, as an important factor in neuroendocrine regulation, in organizing the circadian rhythm of the body's vital functions under normal and pathological conditions. Melatonin was found to normalize the pathological processes underlying gout development and comorbid diseases, providing a scientific basis for its use in the treatment of gout, cardiovascular diseases, disturbed metabolic processes, and normalization of circadian rhythms in patients with these conditions. \u0000Conclusions. This paper presents data on the causes of gout development and progression, as well as some comorbid diseases, from the perspective of chronobiological disruptions in the body's functions. The review sections delve into the pharmacological and pharmacotherapeutic aspects of melatonin's therapeutic action. The findings confirm the importance of melatonin in effectively treating gout and other comorbid diseases and metabolic disorders.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141120705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-20DOI: 10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.23
I.O. Zolochevskyi
In the context of war, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) emerges as one of the most prevalent psychological conditions, particularly among military personnel deployed in combat zones. The primary triggers for PTSD in military personnel often include the loss of comrades or the necessity to use lethal weapons, resulting in significant consequences. For PTSD to manifest, individuals must undergo a traumatic experience that exceeds normal human stress levels and leads to distress. The aim of this study is to investigate the course of PTSD in military personnel who have been exposed to intense combat operations and to explore their maladaptive manifestations. The study comprised 38 patients diagnosed with PTSD (F43.1) according to the ICD-10, who received treatment at the Regional Mental Health Care Institution for the Protection of the Armed Forces. All patients provided informed consent to participate in the study. A structured clinical diagnostic interview known as CAPS-DX was applied in this study. Developed based on the DSM-IV, this interview assesses the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the duration of the disorder, and the degree of impairment of social functioning. The CAPS-DX scale provided insights into the presence of PTSD symptoms both currently and throughout the individual's life following psychotrauma. To diagnose psychosocial maladjustment and its characteristics, we employed the Psychosocial Maladjustment Scale by L. Herasymenko (2018). Clinical and anamnestic examinations revealed that 86% of servicemen had experienced multiple traumatic events, indicating a history of several psychotraumas. The study identified that the primary psychopathological manifestations of PTSD did not differ significantly from the traditional course of the disorder, but they were more intense and pronounced in this group of servicemen. The study has demonstrated that servicemen with combat experience and PTSD exhibited reduced levels of psychosocial adaptation. Their adaptive resources and capabilities, as well as their neuropsychological stability, were significantly diminished, along with a decrease in their communication abilities. Based on the overall level and quality of social and psychological adaptation, three levels of adaptation/maladaptation were distinguished among servicemen with combat-related PTSD: sufficient, partial, or maladaptation. It should be noted that the levels of adaptation were correlated with the severity of anxiety. Servicemen with sufficient adaptation typically exhibited low levels of anxiety, while those with partial adaptation showed an average level, and those with maladaptation displayed high levels of anxiety. The study revealed a spectrum of psychopathological manifestations in servicemen who were in the combat zone, ranging from semiotic complexes resembling panic attacks to psychogenic catalepsy. Furthermore, it was found that servicemen with combat experience and post-traumatic stress disor
{"title":"PECULIARITIES OF ADAPTATION AND COURSE OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER IN SERVICEMEN DEPLOYED TO INTENSE COMBAT ZONES","authors":"I.O. Zolochevskyi","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.23","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of war, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) emerges as one of the most prevalent psychological conditions, particularly among military personnel deployed in combat zones. The primary triggers for PTSD in military personnel often include the loss of comrades or the necessity to use lethal weapons, resulting in significant consequences. For PTSD to manifest, individuals must undergo a traumatic experience that exceeds normal human stress levels and leads to distress. \u0000The aim of this study is to investigate the course of PTSD in military personnel who have been exposed to intense combat operations and to explore their maladaptive manifestations. The study comprised 38 patients diagnosed with PTSD (F43.1) according to the ICD-10, who received treatment at the Regional Mental Health Care Institution for the Protection of the Armed Forces. All patients provided informed consent to participate in the study. \u0000A structured clinical diagnostic interview known as CAPS-DX was applied in this study. Developed based on the DSM-IV, this interview assesses the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the duration of the disorder, and the degree of impairment of social functioning. The CAPS-DX scale provided insights into the presence of PTSD symptoms both currently and throughout the individual's life following psychotrauma. To diagnose psychosocial maladjustment and its characteristics, we employed the Psychosocial Maladjustment Scale by L. Herasymenko (2018). \u0000Clinical and anamnestic examinations revealed that 86% of servicemen had experienced multiple traumatic events, indicating a history of several psychotraumas. The study identified that the primary psychopathological manifestations of PTSD did not differ significantly from the traditional course of the disorder, but they were more intense and pronounced in this group of servicemen. \u0000The study has demonstrated that servicemen with combat experience and PTSD exhibited reduced levels of psychosocial adaptation. Their adaptive resources and capabilities, as well as their neuropsychological stability, were significantly diminished, along with a decrease in their communication abilities. Based on the overall level and quality of social and psychological adaptation, three levels of adaptation/maladaptation were distinguished among servicemen with combat-related PTSD: sufficient, partial, or maladaptation. \u0000It should be noted that the levels of adaptation were correlated with the severity of anxiety. Servicemen with sufficient adaptation typically exhibited low levels of anxiety, while those with partial adaptation showed an average level, and those with maladaptation displayed high levels of anxiety. \u0000The study revealed a spectrum of psychopathological manifestations in servicemen who were in the combat zone, ranging from semiotic complexes resembling panic attacks to psychogenic catalepsy. Furthermore, it was found that servicemen with combat experience and post-traumatic stress disor","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141121212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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