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The Siphlonurus Eaton, 1868 is a diverse genus but has never been systematically researched in China previously. In this review, nine species are recognized, including two new species (S. orientalis sp. nov. and S. polyspineus sp. nov.) and two new records for China (S. lacustris Eaton, 1870 and S. zhelochovtsevi Tshernova, 1952). Among the other five species, two (S. davidi (Navs, 1932) and S. dongxi Li et Tong, 2023) have the same wing coloration as S. orientalis sp. nov., while the other two (S. chankae Tshernova, 1952 and S. immanis Kluge, 1985) have clean wings similar to S. zhelochovtsevi. Another previously reported name, S. binotatus sensu Imanishi, 1940 (nec S. binotatus (Eaton, 1892)) is now regarded as the ninth species S. palaearcticus (Tshernova, 1930) in China. Morphologically, the nymphs of the new species S. orientalis sp. nov. can be distinguished by unfused oblique stripes on sterna, shapes of gills and maxillary palps, while males can be further identified by shapes of genitalia and legs as well as sternal color. The other new species S. polyspineus sp. nov. has notably spiny penis in adult stage and sparse and stout spine-like setae on tergum X in nymphal stage. Detailed photographs of nymphal and imaginal structures are provided, along with diagnostic tables and keys. Molecularly, the phylogenetic tree (based on mitochondrial protein-coding genes, constructed using Bayesian inference) reveals that S. palaearcticus occupies the basal position. The remaining species form two distinct geographic groups: (1) three southern species share similar wing coloration, male genitalia and nymphal abdominal spines and gills, and (2) five northern species exhibit transparent wings, alike abdominal markings in adults and similar nymphal wingpads and gills. In terms of genetic gaps of COI sequence, Chinese Siphlonurus show narrow intraspecific ranges (0.342.26%) but relatively high interspecific span (8.9521.08%) except that the populations of S. lacustris have even 5.17% difference.

The freshwater genus Trichodrilus Claparde is a common member of the invertebrate stygofauna (obligate groundwater fauna) of central and southern Europe. This study focuses on some of the smallest representatives of Trichodrilus worms from groundwaters (caves, wells and springs) in Spain. Several populations were still impossible to ascribe to a species, due either to scarcity of individuals or to the lack of clear characters. However, two populations from Itxina karst (Basque Country) are well separated and described as T. benati sp. nov. based on distinct characteristics of the male duct. Another population, from the Ereozar karst (Bizkaia), is described as T. stygodytes sp. nov. Two of the most widely reported species, T. tenuis Hrab, 1960 and T. moravicus Hrab, 1937 are difficult to separate morphologically based on the original descriptions, therefore, we have re-examined and measured the type material. Our study reveals a wide distribution of T. tenuis in the Iberian Peninsula, and the absence of T. moravicus. However, study of the type material of the latter showed two different morphospecies, hence, a lectotype from the ka R. (Czech Republic) is proposed for T. moravicus, while the population from Cave B Skla (Czech Republic) is here ascribed to T. stygodytes sp. nov.

A new species of the genus Campoplex Gravenhorst, 1829, C. pingluoe Sheng & Cao, sp. nov., reared from the borers in trunks of Salix matsudana Koidz. in Pingluo, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China, belonging to the subfamily Campopleginae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), is described and illustrated. Similar species are compared, and a key to the species distributed in the desert area in northwestern China is provided, including C. bazariae Sheng 2014 reared from Bazaria turensis Ragonot, 1887 (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), and C. caraganae Sheng & Sun, 2016 reared from Dasystoma salicella (Hbner, 1796) (Lepidoptera, Lypusidae).

A new marine tardigrade, Quisarctus armatus sp. nov., found in samples from 151306 m depths at the Princess Alice Bank (PAB), south of the Azores archipelago, is described in this study. It is the second species in the genus and differs from its putative sister species Q. yasumurai by the shape of leg IV sensory organ, the presence of lipoid eyes, a partially folded cuticle of the digits and an elongated mouth cone. Quisarctus armatus sp. nov. shows sexual dimorphism with the length of primary clavae, the shape of leg IV sensory organ, and with differently shaped cirri E in females and males. The associated marine tardigrade fauna of PAB consists of Neostygarctus oceanopolis, Chrysoarctus briandi and representatives of Halechiniscidae. The known marine tardigrade fauna from the Azores now covers six genera with four identified species plus records of Halechiniscidae.

In the present study, one new species, Heydenia longipetiolata Hemanth & Gupta sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Heydeniidae), is described and illustrated from Karnataka, India, as a solitary larval parasitoid of Agrilus spp. (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) infesting branches of Villebrunea integrifolia Gaud. (Urticaceae) and Albizia amara (Roxb.) Boivin. (Fabaceae), respectively. Two species, H. gibsoniSureshan, 2009, previously known from Sri Lanka, and H. testacea Yang, 1996, previously known from China, are recorded from India for the first time. Additionally, H. kashmirensis Sureshan & Khanday, 2021, previously known from Jammu and Kashmir (Northern India), is recorded from Karnataka (Southern India). An undetermined species of Heydenia resembling Heydenia angularicoxa Yang, 1996 is also included in the present paper and an illustrated diagnosis is provided for all the species. An identification key to all the known Indian species of Heydenia Frster, 1856 is also provided.

Owing to discrepancies between phylogeny and tribal phenetic classification in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, a number of new or old tribes have recently been described or revalidated to resolve the differences. The present paper continues this process by proposing two new tribes for five out of six genera recorded from Africa that were formerly classified in the tribe Ateuchini Perty, 1830 (Pedaria Castelnau, 1832, excluded). These five genera are either restricted to Africa (three genera) or show a primarily Afro-Oriental distribution (two genera). We provide defining characters for the Paraphytini Scholtz, Davis & de Klerk, new tribe (genus: Paraphytus Harold, 1877) and Coptorhinini Scholtz, Davis & de Klerk, new tribe (genera: Coptorhina Hope, 1833; Sarophorus Erichson, 1848; Delopleurus Erichson, 1848; Frankenbergerius Balthasar, 1938). Photographs are provided of the type genera, Paraphytus and Coptorhina, plus species of the other three genera. Maps show the overall geographical distribution of the five genera, only one of which is frequently recorded in dung (Sarophorus). The other genera either breed in rotting logs (Paraphytus) or are mycetophages.

Pseudochorthippus turanicus (Tarbinsky, 1925) comb. nov. is redescribed and illustrated based on specimens from southeastern Kazakhstan and northern Kyrgyzstan and the type series deposited in the collection of the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University; lectotype of this species is designated. P. iliensis sp. nov. from the Ili River basin, Southwestern Balkhash region, Kazakhstan, closely related to P. turanicus in morphological characters, but distinctly differing from it in the calling song pattern, is described. Oscillograms of songs of four species of the genus Pseudochorthippus occurring in southern Kazakhstan are presented.

The genus Gymnodoris Stimpson, 1855 in New Caledonia is studied based on three molecular markers: COI, 16S, and Histone H3, obtained from 183 newly collected specimens. Species were characterized using species delimitation (COI gene) and phylogenetic analyses using all three genes. The data were compared with sequences obtained from GenBank. Most species recovered were found to belong to previously described species, or undescribed species previously reported in the literature. However, 11 species were found to be distinct and those are formally described herein. For these new species, full anatomical descriptions are provided, including reproductive system and radula illustrations and comparisons to other species are provided. An effort was made to try to identify species previously described from New Caledonia with uncertain status with the newly collected material, this resulted in the re-description of Gymnodoris suggens (Risbec, 1928) and the tentative synonymies of Gymnodoris kouaouae (Risbec, 1928) and Gymnodoris perlucens (Risbec, 1928). The phylogenetic hypotheses generated provide no support for the various genus-level names currently synonymized with Gymnodoris.

Conoidean gastropods of the genus Turridrupa Hedley, 1922 (Turridae) are common in subtidal to bathyal habitats of the tropical Indo-Pacific. Examination of a vast material accumulated during recent expeditions in various regions of the Indo-Pacific revealed a number of undescribed species. A total of 30 Turridrupa species are recognized of which 15 are described as new while one species (Turridrupa prestoni) was recognized as a synonym. A phylogenetic reconstruction based on the cox1 gene confirmed the species hypotheses based on morphological characters for 17 species of which 6 are described as new based on molecular and morphological data, following the principles of integrative taxonomy. The following new species are described: Turridrupa albocastanea sp. nov., T. aureoresina sp. nov., T. chinoi sp. nov., T. decorata sp. nov., T. elongata sp. nov., T. fedosovi sp. nov., T. gourgueti sp. nov., T. granulata sp. nov., T. imitiata sp. nov., T. maestratii, sp. nov., T. magnifica sp. nov., T. neojubata sp. nov., T. polynesia sp. nov., T. punctolineata sp. nov., T. virginiae sp. nov.