Pub Date : 2016-03-12DOI: 10.4172/2165-7904.1000303
F. Abiad, H. Abbas, Caroline Hamadi, G. Ghazeeri
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age. Obesity in PCOS patients is associated with significant morbidities. Obesity in PCOS abrogates the menstrual cycle and fertility, and can independently increase the risk of metabolic syndrome and the latter’s long-term cardiac and health complications. The degree of obesity as reflected by the body mass index (BMI) can have a significant impact on the associated risk with its morbidities. Thus, weight reduction is highly encouraged for obese patients with PCOS as early as in adolescence to avoid long-term complications. Conservative methods of weight reduction, such as diet and lifestyle modifications, have been used in PCOS patients but their effects can be short-lived, especially in the morbidly obese populations. To that end, bariatric surgery has been proposed as an alternative modality for the treatment of obese patients with PCOS in order to decrease the risk of metabolic syndrome. Nevertheless, bariatric surgery utilization in the adolescent population of PCOS patients is still not well evaluated. Bariatric surgery is considered in patients with very high BMI levels and those patients who had multiple failed attempts of weight reduction using more conservative methods. In this review, we focused on the metabolic manifestations of PCOS and discussed studies highlighting the usage of bariatric surgery as an attempt to reduce weight in obese patients with PCOS with primary focus on the adolescent population.
{"title":"Bariatric Surgery in the Management of Adolescent and Adult ObesePatients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome","authors":"F. Abiad, H. Abbas, Caroline Hamadi, G. Ghazeeri","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.1000303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.1000303","url":null,"abstract":"Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age. Obesity in PCOS patients is associated with significant morbidities. Obesity in PCOS abrogates the menstrual cycle and fertility, and can independently increase the risk of metabolic syndrome and the latter’s long-term cardiac and health complications. The degree of obesity as reflected by the body mass index (BMI) can have a significant impact on the associated risk with its morbidities. Thus, weight reduction is highly encouraged for obese patients with PCOS as early as in adolescence to avoid long-term complications. Conservative methods of weight reduction, such as diet and lifestyle modifications, have been used in PCOS patients but their effects can be short-lived, especially in the morbidly obese populations. To that end, bariatric surgery has been proposed as an alternative modality for the treatment of obese patients with PCOS in order to decrease the risk of metabolic syndrome. Nevertheless, bariatric surgery utilization in the adolescent population of PCOS patients is still not well evaluated. Bariatric surgery is considered in patients with very high BMI levels and those patients who had multiple failed attempts of weight reduction using more conservative methods. In this review, we focused on the metabolic manifestations of PCOS and discussed studies highlighting the usage of bariatric surgery as an attempt to reduce weight in obese patients with PCOS with primary focus on the adolescent population.","PeriodicalId":243288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and weight loss therapy","volume":"4674 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125697809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-29DOI: 10.4172/2165-7904.1000301
O. Arisaka, G. Ichikawa, Satomi Koyama, N. Shimura, G. Imataka, H. Kurosawa, A. Nitta
Aim: The adiposity rebound (AR) corresponds to the second rise in the body mass index (BMI) curve that occurs between ages 5 and 7 years. The goal of this study was to determine whether age at AR is related to the presence at 12 years old of small dense low-density lipoprotein (SDLDL), an atherogenic lipoprotein produced as a metabolic consequence of AR. Methods: A longitudinal population-based prospective study was performed in 215 children. Serial measurements of BMI were conducted at ages 1, 1.5, 2 and yearly thereafter until 12, based on which age at AR was calculated. The subjects were divided into 5 groups according to age at AR of ≤4, 5, 6, 7 and ≥8 years. Plasma lipids and SDLDL were measured at 12 years of age. SDLDL (LDL particle size <25.5 nm) was determined by nondenaturing 2-16% gradient gel electrophoresis. Results: The prevalences of SDLDL were 15.0% in children with age at AR ≤4 y, 8.1% in those with age at AR 5 y, and 0% in all other groups (AR at ≥6 years). An earlier AR was significantly associated with higher BMI, increased plasma triglyceride (p < 0.05), increased atherogenic index (p < 0.05), and decreased HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.05) at 12 years of age. Conclusion: Children with AR before 4 years old showed a high prevalence of atherogenic SDLDL, indicating a predisposition for future cardiovascular disease.
{"title":"Early Adiposity Rebound and Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein in Childhood Obesity","authors":"O. Arisaka, G. Ichikawa, Satomi Koyama, N. Shimura, G. Imataka, H. Kurosawa, A. Nitta","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.1000301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.1000301","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The adiposity rebound (AR) corresponds to the second rise in the body mass index (BMI) curve that occurs between ages 5 and 7 years. The goal of this study was to determine whether age at AR is related to the presence at 12 years old of small dense low-density lipoprotein (SDLDL), an atherogenic lipoprotein produced as a metabolic consequence of AR. Methods: A longitudinal population-based prospective study was performed in 215 children. Serial measurements of BMI were conducted at ages 1, 1.5, 2 and yearly thereafter until 12, based on which age at AR was calculated. The subjects were divided into 5 groups according to age at AR of ≤4, 5, 6, 7 and ≥8 years. Plasma lipids and SDLDL were measured at 12 years of age. SDLDL (LDL particle size <25.5 nm) was determined by nondenaturing 2-16% gradient gel electrophoresis. Results: The prevalences of SDLDL were 15.0% in children with age at AR ≤4 y, 8.1% in those with age at AR 5 y, and 0% in all other groups (AR at ≥6 years). An earlier AR was significantly associated with higher BMI, increased plasma triglyceride (p < 0.05), increased atherogenic index (p < 0.05), and decreased HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.05) at 12 years of age. Conclusion: Children with AR before 4 years old showed a high prevalence of atherogenic SDLDL, indicating a predisposition for future cardiovascular disease.","PeriodicalId":243288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and weight loss therapy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121471533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-29DOI: 10.4172/2165-7904.1000302
İ. Gezgin, C. Ozic, A. M. Geyik, C. H. Yıldırım, Y. Ehi, Miktat Kaya, Filiz Susuz AlanyalÄ
Aim: To evaluate the effects of borax and sleeve gastrectomy on mRNA expression of antioxidant genes in substantia nigra tissue of obese rats. Methods: Obese rats were fed with a high-fat diet containing 40% additional fat to the diet. Rats were allocated into four groups in random, which were normal rats (Group I) (n=14), obese rats subjected to SG (Group II) (n=14), obese rats subjected to borax (Group III) (n=14), and obese rats subjected to SG and borax (Group IV) (n=14). Catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene expressions were determined by polymerase chain reaction, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Results: When normal rats (Group I), and obese rats subjected to SG (Group II) were compared, a decrease in expressions of catalase, SOD and GST genes was observed in Group II. When obese rats subjected to borax (Group III) were compared with Group I and Group II, a decrease in expressions of catalase, SOD and GST genes was observed in Group III. This phenomenon demonstrates that borax and SG both decrease expressions of catalase, SOD and GST genes. Furthermore, the most significant decrease in expressions of catalase, SOD and GST genes was observed in obese rats subjected to SG and borax (Group IV) when compared to other three study groups. Conclusion: The borax decreases molecular obesity and consequently increases the expressions of Catalase, SOD and GST genes. These data show decrease of Catalase, SOD and GST genes in the substantia nigra tissue of obese rats, consistent with the possibility that these changes may contribute to disease pathogenesis.
{"title":"Effects of Borax and Sleeve Gastrectomy on mRNA Expression of Antioxidant Genes in Substantia Nigra Tissue of Obese Rats","authors":"İ. Gezgin, C. Ozic, A. M. Geyik, C. H. Yıldırım, Y. Ehi, Miktat Kaya, Filiz Susuz AlanyalÄ","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.1000302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.1000302","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the effects of borax and sleeve gastrectomy on mRNA expression of antioxidant genes in substantia nigra tissue of obese rats. Methods: Obese rats were fed with a high-fat diet containing 40% additional fat to the diet. Rats were allocated into four groups in random, which were normal rats (Group I) (n=14), obese rats subjected to SG (Group II) (n=14), obese rats subjected to borax (Group III) (n=14), and obese rats subjected to SG and borax (Group IV) (n=14). Catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene expressions were determined by polymerase chain reaction, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Results: When normal rats (Group I), and obese rats subjected to SG (Group II) were compared, a decrease in expressions of catalase, SOD and GST genes was observed in Group II. When obese rats subjected to borax (Group III) were compared with Group I and Group II, a decrease in expressions of catalase, SOD and GST genes was observed in Group III. This phenomenon demonstrates that borax and SG both decrease expressions of catalase, SOD and GST genes. Furthermore, the most significant decrease in expressions of catalase, SOD and GST genes was observed in obese rats subjected to SG and borax (Group IV) when compared to other three study groups. Conclusion: The borax decreases molecular obesity and consequently increases the expressions of Catalase, SOD and GST genes. These data show decrease of Catalase, SOD and GST genes in the substantia nigra tissue of obese rats, consistent with the possibility that these changes may contribute to disease pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":243288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and weight loss therapy","volume":"470 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115480982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-21DOI: 10.4172/2165-7904.1000300
M. Malavolti, E. Petrella, Valentina Bertarini, Dietitian, Cristina Cicchetti, I. Neri, F. Facchinetti
Introduction: we evaluated the utility of bioimpedance analysis and the SenseWear armband for monitoring gestational weight gain (GWG) in overweight/obese pregnant women. Materials and methods: Sixty overweight/obese pregnant women were recruited and advised to follow a physical activity (PA) program (sessions gradually increasing to 30 minutes of mild physical activity intensity per day at least 4-5 days a week) with caloric restriction (1500 kcal/day + 200 kcal/day for obese and 300 kcal/day for overweight women). Weight, GWG and body composition were measured at enrollment (within the 12th week of gestation), at the 16th, 20th, 32nd, and 36th week, at delivery and 12 weeks after delivery using BIA. The patients were also instructed to wear the SWA, for 5 consecutive days, at enrollment, and at the 20th and 36th weeks of gestation. Results: GWG at delivery was 12.6 ± 5.4 kg for overweight, 9.0 ± 8.0 kg for obese women and 3.3 ± 5.3 kg for morbidly obese women. Nine overweight (60.0%), 22 obese (66.7%) and 10 morbidly obese (90.9%) women remained within the Institute of Medicine recommended ranges at delivery. Overall percentual body composition changed significantly throughout pregnancy, (fat-free mass: 53.4 ± 6.1 to 56.9 ± 6.5; FM = 40.9 ± 12.8 to 44.1 ± 11.8, p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that women who adhered to the prescribed diet achieved a lower GWG (CI 95% = -1.65-0.54; r = -1.10, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The efficacy of the intervention depends directly on the adherence to the prescribed diet and PA program
{"title":"Gestational Weight Gain and Changes in Body Composition in PregnantWomen with BMI 25 Kg/m2 Undergoing a Healthy Lifestyle ProgramStarting Early in Pregnancy","authors":"M. Malavolti, E. Petrella, Valentina Bertarini, Dietitian, Cristina Cicchetti, I. Neri, F. Facchinetti","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.1000300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.1000300","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: we evaluated the utility of bioimpedance analysis and the SenseWear armband for monitoring gestational weight gain (GWG) in overweight/obese pregnant women. Materials and methods: Sixty overweight/obese pregnant women were recruited and advised to follow a physical activity (PA) program (sessions gradually increasing to 30 minutes of mild physical activity intensity per day at least 4-5 days a week) with caloric restriction (1500 kcal/day + 200 kcal/day for obese and 300 kcal/day for overweight women). Weight, GWG and body composition were measured at enrollment (within the 12th week of gestation), at the 16th, 20th, 32nd, and 36th week, at delivery and 12 weeks after delivery using BIA. The patients were also instructed to wear the SWA, for 5 consecutive days, at enrollment, and at the 20th and 36th weeks of gestation. Results: GWG at delivery was 12.6 ± 5.4 kg for overweight, 9.0 ± 8.0 kg for obese women and 3.3 ± 5.3 kg for morbidly obese women. Nine overweight (60.0%), 22 obese (66.7%) and 10 morbidly obese (90.9%) women remained within the Institute of Medicine recommended ranges at delivery. Overall percentual body composition changed significantly throughout pregnancy, (fat-free mass: 53.4 ± 6.1 to 56.9 ± 6.5; FM = 40.9 ± 12.8 to 44.1 ± 11.8, p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that women who adhered to the prescribed diet achieved a lower GWG (CI 95% = -1.65-0.54; r = -1.10, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The efficacy of the intervention depends directly on the adherence to the prescribed diet and PA program","PeriodicalId":243288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and weight loss therapy","volume":"105 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115784151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-19DOI: 10.4172/2165-7904.1000299
Dura Trave T
The nutritional deterioration in hospitalized patients has been a subject of an extensive analysis, being associated to higher morbidity and mortality and, therefore, an increase in healthcare expenditure [14]. This eventuality has been widely debated at the highest administrative and political level, so making necessary the development of clinical guides and resolutions (from the Council of Europe) on feeding and nutritional care in hospitals [5-7].
{"title":"Malnutrition in Hospitalized Children","authors":"Dura Trave T","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.1000299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.1000299","url":null,"abstract":"The nutritional deterioration in hospitalized patients has been a subject of an extensive analysis, being associated to higher morbidity and mortality and, therefore, an increase in healthcare expenditure [14]. This eventuality has been widely debated at the highest administrative and political level, so making necessary the development of clinical guides and resolutions (from the Council of Europe) on feeding and nutritional care in hospitals [5-7].","PeriodicalId":243288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and weight loss therapy","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114548867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-15DOI: 10.4172/2165-7904.1000298
Anna L Moon, C. Cobbold
Introduction: Ageing is associated with body composition changes, including decreases in muscle mass and bone content and increases in fat mass. Creatine supplementation is associated with increases in lean Tissue mass in athletes, leading to increased strength and power. There has been recent interest in if creatine supplementation may have similar effects in older individuals, to offset the changes seen in body composition and increase quality of life. Aims: This review assesses the current literature on whether creatine supplementation in the presence or absence of resistance training improves body composition and bone health in older adults. Results: In terms of resistance training and creatine supplementation in Combination, there is evidence for increased lean body mass following long-term investigations, above that of resistance training with placebo. Studies without resistance training mostly use acute strategies of creatine supplementation and have produced conflicting reports on lean body mass. Body fat percentage does not seem to be altered by either resistance training or creatine supplementation. The literature on creatine supplementation’s effect on bone health is also inconclusive, with some reports showing significant increases in bone mineral density, whereas several others show no effect. Conclusions: Creatine supplementation in the elderly may lead to increased lean body mass, and increased bone strength; however these results are far from conclusive. Dosing and timing supplementation protocols between studies may be responsible for the different results and future studies should concentrate on determining if acute or chronic creatine supplementation has a more beneficial effect on body composition in the elderly.
{"title":"The Effect of Creatine Supplementation on Body Composition and Bone Health in the Elderly","authors":"Anna L Moon, C. Cobbold","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.1000298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.1000298","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Ageing is associated with body composition changes, including decreases in muscle mass and bone content and increases in fat mass. Creatine supplementation is associated with increases in lean Tissue mass in athletes, leading to increased strength and power. There has been recent interest in if creatine supplementation may have similar effects in older individuals, to offset the changes seen in body composition and increase quality of life. Aims: This review assesses the current literature on whether creatine supplementation in the presence or absence of resistance training improves body composition and bone health in older adults. Results: In terms of resistance training and creatine supplementation in Combination, there is evidence for increased lean body mass following long-term investigations, above that of resistance training with placebo. Studies without resistance training mostly use acute strategies of creatine supplementation and have produced conflicting reports on lean body mass. Body fat percentage does not seem to be altered by either resistance training or creatine supplementation. The literature on creatine supplementation’s effect on bone health is also inconclusive, with some reports showing significant increases in bone mineral density, whereas several others show no effect. Conclusions: Creatine supplementation in the elderly may lead to increased lean body mass, and increased bone strength; however these results are far from conclusive. Dosing and timing supplementation protocols between studies may be responsible for the different results and future studies should concentrate on determining if acute or chronic creatine supplementation has a more beneficial effect on body composition in the elderly.","PeriodicalId":243288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and weight loss therapy","volume":"318 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124506853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-24DOI: 10.4172/2165-7904.1000297
A. Csendes, I. Braghetto
Aim: Sleeve gastrectomy is one of the most popular surgical procedures for patients with obesity. Its performance produces several pathophysiological changes at the esophago-gastric junction, gastric acid secretion, emptying and motility. Purpose: To review all pathophysiological changes of the distal esophagus and stomach after the resection of 80% of the stomach during sleeve gastrectomy. Material and Methods: Review of all publications concerning the measurements of lower esophageal sphincter after sleeve gastrectomy, as well as acid reflux, gastric motility and gastric emptying. Results: The section of some portion of the sling fibers produces dilatation of the cardia and development of pathologic acid reflux into the distal esophagus. The great majority of reports dealing with 24 h pH measurements or impedanciometry report severe acid and non-acid reflux. Gastric acid secretion is greatly diminished after sleeve gastrectomy in about 80% but the residual acid secretion is at least 20 times greater than after gastric bypass. Gastric motility and electric activity is also compromised due to resection of most of the fundus and the gastric pacemaker located at the greater curvature. As a consequence, gastric emptying of liquids and solids are greatly enhanced. Then a new swallow of food impacts against this elevated pressure which may overcome the hypotensive lower esophageal sphincter and pathologic reflux may occur into the esophagus. Conclusion: Sleeve gastrectomy is an operation which may produce severe pathologic reflux of acid, as
{"title":"Changes in the Anatomy and Physiology of the Distal Esophagus and Stomach after Sleeve Gastrectomy","authors":"A. Csendes, I. Braghetto","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.1000297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.1000297","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Sleeve gastrectomy is one of the most popular surgical procedures for patients with obesity. Its performance produces several pathophysiological changes at the esophago-gastric junction, gastric acid secretion, emptying and motility. Purpose: To review all pathophysiological changes of the distal esophagus and stomach after the resection of 80% of the stomach during sleeve gastrectomy. Material and Methods: Review of all publications concerning the measurements of lower esophageal sphincter after sleeve gastrectomy, as well as acid reflux, gastric motility and gastric emptying. Results: The section of some portion of the sling fibers produces dilatation of the cardia and development of pathologic acid reflux into the distal esophagus. The great majority of reports dealing with 24 h pH measurements or impedanciometry report severe acid and non-acid reflux. Gastric acid secretion is greatly diminished after sleeve gastrectomy in about 80% but the residual acid secretion is at least 20 times greater than after gastric bypass. Gastric motility and electric activity is also compromised due to resection of most of the fundus and the gastric pacemaker located at the greater curvature. As a consequence, gastric emptying of liquids and solids are greatly enhanced. Then a new swallow of food impacts against this elevated pressure which may overcome the hypotensive lower esophageal sphincter and pathologic reflux may occur into the esophagus. Conclusion: Sleeve gastrectomy is an operation which may produce severe pathologic reflux of acid, as","PeriodicalId":243288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and weight loss therapy","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126644943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-15DOI: 10.4172/2165-7904.1000294
İ. Gezgin, C. Ozic, Can Hakan Yıldırım, K. Kılıç, Y. Ehi, Miktat Kaya
Aim: To reveal metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, MMP-5, interleukin (IL)-1a and IL-6 gene expressions in substantia nigra region of brain in rats which undergone sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surgery. Methods: Rats were allocated into three groups in random, which were normal rats (Group I) (n=14), obese rats (Group II) (n=14), and obese rats subjected to SG (Group III) (n=14). MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-5, IL-1a and IL-6 gene expressions were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR). Results: When normal (Group I), and obese (Group II) rats were compared, a decrease in expressions of MMP- 3 and IL-6 genes was observed in Group II. When obese rats (Group II) and obese rats subjected to SG (Group III) were compared, increases in the expressions of MMP-3 and IL-6 genes were observed in Group III. This phenomenon demonstrates that SG decreases obesity and consequently increases expressions of MMP-3 and IL-6 genes. Conclusion: These data show alterations of MMP-3 and IL-6 genes in the substantia nigra tissue of obese rats, consistent with the possibility that these changes may contribute to disease molecular background.
{"title":"Sleeve Gastrectomy Ameliorates Mrna Expression of MatrixMetalloprotease I, III, V, IL-1a and IL-6 Genes in Substantia Nigra Tissuesof Obese Rats","authors":"İ. Gezgin, C. Ozic, Can Hakan Yıldırım, K. Kılıç, Y. Ehi, Miktat Kaya","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.1000294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.1000294","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To reveal metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, MMP-5, interleukin (IL)-1a and IL-6 gene expressions in substantia nigra region of brain in rats which undergone sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surgery. Methods: Rats were allocated into three groups in random, which were normal rats (Group I) (n=14), obese rats (Group II) (n=14), and obese rats subjected to SG (Group III) (n=14). MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-5, IL-1a and IL-6 gene expressions were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR). Results: When normal (Group I), and obese (Group II) rats were compared, a decrease in expressions of MMP- 3 and IL-6 genes was observed in Group II. When obese rats (Group II) and obese rats subjected to SG (Group III) were compared, increases in the expressions of MMP-3 and IL-6 genes were observed in Group III. This phenomenon demonstrates that SG decreases obesity and consequently increases expressions of MMP-3 and IL-6 genes. Conclusion: These data show alterations of MMP-3 and IL-6 genes in the substantia nigra tissue of obese rats, consistent with the possibility that these changes may contribute to disease molecular background.","PeriodicalId":243288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and weight loss therapy","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133132260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-15DOI: 10.4172/2165-7904.1000296
B. Framroze, Sanjay Vekariya, Dhruv Swaroop
In the article, we show that a daily dietary intake of 16 g of salmon protein hydrolysate powder for 42 days statistically significantly reduced Body Mass Index by 5.6% in overweight subjects, in comparison with a placebo-control of whey protein isolate. Four metabolism-relevant serum biomarkers - bile acid, interleukin-6, Preheparin lipoprotein lipase mass and adiponectin - were also positively impacted using one-tailed, paired student t-test analysis, leading to the proposed metabolism-elevating mode-of-action. Exercise levels were maintained for each subject as per their normal levels. Further research will seek to identify the active individual peptide components from the salmon protein hydrolysate with specific biological activity for obesity control. Salmon protein hydrolysate powder in supplemental doses may be a useful tool in the long-term management of obesity.
{"title":"A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Study on the Impact of Dietary Salmon Protein Hydrolysate Supplementation on Body Mass Index in Overweight Human Subjects","authors":"B. Framroze, Sanjay Vekariya, Dhruv Swaroop","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.1000296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.1000296","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, we show that a daily dietary intake of 16 g of salmon protein hydrolysate powder for 42 days statistically significantly reduced Body Mass Index by 5.6% in overweight subjects, in comparison with a placebo-control of whey protein isolate. Four metabolism-relevant serum biomarkers - bile acid, interleukin-6, Preheparin lipoprotein lipase mass and adiponectin - were also positively impacted using one-tailed, paired student t-test analysis, leading to the proposed metabolism-elevating mode-of-action. Exercise levels were maintained for each subject as per their normal levels. Further research will seek to identify the active individual peptide components from the salmon protein hydrolysate with specific biological activity for obesity control. Salmon protein hydrolysate powder in supplemental doses may be a useful tool in the long-term management of obesity.","PeriodicalId":243288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and weight loss therapy","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128558843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-08DOI: 10.4172/2165-7904.1000295
S. Pouwels, M. Said, A. Celik
Obesity is an increasing problem worldwide and since the 1980’s the number of people with obesity has doubled [1]. The only treatment with longstanding effect is bariatric surgery [2]. With the increasing prevalence of obesity, the numbers of bariatric surgical procedures are also increasing [2]. Obesity is known to affect many organ systems under which the respiratory system. Various respiratory physiological parameters are affected, such as compliance, neuromuscular strength, work of breathing and lung volumes [3,4]. Because of these affected respiratory physiological parameters, obese patients are prone to develop pulmonary complications after bariatric surgery. Therefore the question rises whether we need to perform a preoperative pulmonary function screening in obese patients scheduled for bariatric surgery, to identify the patients prone for postoperative complications. Secondly, do we need to screen obese patients for the presence of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS)? [5,6] Because OSAS occurs frequently untreated and might lead to postoperative complications [7-10].
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