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Efficiency Measurement for Non-homogeneous Units in a Fuzzy Environment 模糊环境下非均匀单元的效率测量
Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijtef.2020.11.4.668
W. Yeh, C.-K. Hu, F.-B. Liu, C.-F. Hu
Abstract—Data envelopment analysis (DEA) assumes homogeneity among the decision-making units (DMUs) for measuring the relative efficiency of DMUs. In actual practice the efficiency scores generated by DEA may reflect the underlying differences in environments rather than true operational efficiency when DMUs do not operate under similar conditions. This work considers measuring the relative efficiency of non-homogeneous DMUs in a fuzzy environment. A two-stage analysis incorporating imprecise environmental factors into DEA model for measuring the relative efficiency of non-homogeneous units is proposed. A fuzzy regression analysis is employed for adjusting the data of DMUs to account for variations in the fuzzy causes of non-homogeneity. DEA with fuzzy residual errors is then performed to construct a scalar measure of efficiency for all DMUs. An example of the performance assessment of municipalities' solid waste recycling and disposal channels is included. This is the first attempt to estimate the relative efficiency for non-homogeneous DMUs in a fuzzy environment.
数据包络分析(DEA)假设决策单元(dmu)之间存在同质性,以衡量决策单元的相对效率。在实际操作中,DEA生成的效率评分可能反映的是不同环境下的潜在差异,而不是dmu在不同条件下的真实运行效率。这项工作考虑了在模糊环境中测量非均匀dmu的相对效率。提出了一种将不精确环境因素纳入DEA模型的两阶段分析方法,用于测量非均匀单元的相对效率。采用模糊回归分析来调整dmu的数据,以解释非同质性的模糊原因的变化。然后使用模糊残差的DEA来构建所有dmu的效率标量度量。并举例说明了城市固体废物回收和处置渠道的绩效评估。这是在模糊环境中首次尝试估计非均匀dmu的相对效率。
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引用次数: 0
Fairness Analysis in Goal-Oriented Requirements Selection 目标导向需求选择中的公平性分析
Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijtef.2020.11.4.670
Hiroki Horita, J. Noguchi
Requirements analysis is an important step in business information system development. Goal-oriented requirements analysis is a powerful method that captures requirements to be satisfied in business information systems as goals and derives means for achieving goals or alternative means. The difficulty in this analysis is that it is difficult to analyze manually when the combination of goals is huge, and to take into account the preferences of the various stakeholders. It is difficult to satisfy the requirements of all stakeholders at the same time because preferences are different and trade-offs for each stakeholder. Therefore, there is a risk that the requirements of some stakeholders may be ignored. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method using multi-objective optimization to take into account stakeholder preference and to make goal selection with emphasis on fairness. Our method performs a goal selection having both high utility and fairness of the entire stakeholders. We evaluated by a case study and showed the effectiveness.
需求分析是业务信息系统开发的重要环节。面向目标的需求分析是一种强大的方法,它捕获业务信息系统中要满足的需求作为目标,并派生出实现目标的方法或替代方法。这种分析的难点在于,当目标组合很大时,很难进行人工分析,也很难考虑到各个利益相关者的偏好。同时满足所有利益相关者的需求是困难的,因为每个利益相关者的偏好和权衡是不同的。因此,存在一些涉众的需求可能被忽略的风险。因此,本文提出了一种考虑利益相关者偏好、以公平为重点进行目标选择的多目标优化方法。我们的方法对整个利益相关者进行了高效用和公平的目标选择。通过案例分析,验证了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
The Business Cost of Online Defamation 网络诽谤的商业成本
Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijtef.2020.11.4.667
Margaret E. Vroman, K. Stulz, C. Hart, Kenneth R. Mullins
The Internet has radically changed the way businesses and individuals communicate. Most people view this as a positive achievement and applaud the egalitarian ability of all to post online and locate information of interest. Along with these benefits, however, is the increasing damage done by those who post untrue business reviews, personal attacks and altered photos and videos. Interestingly, the average person will claim to support “freedom of speech” on the Internet – until they are the victim of a false accusation or hate speech. This paper examines when speech ceases to be “free” and crosses the line to defamation. It will discuss some of the laws that govern online defamation, provide situational examples and specify the costs incurred by victims of defamation. Finally, it will conclude with recommendations on how to proactively deal with potential defamation situations.
互联网从根本上改变了企业和个人的交流方式。大多数人认为这是一项积极的成就,并赞扬所有人都能在网上发帖和找到感兴趣的信息。然而,伴随着这些好处的是,那些发布不真实的商业评论、人身攻击和篡改照片和视频的人造成的损害越来越大。有趣的是,一般人会声称支持互联网上的“言论自由”——直到他们成为虚假指控或仇恨言论的受害者。本文考察了何时言论不再是“自由”,并跨越了诽谤的界限。它将讨论一些管理网络诽谤的法律,提供情景示例,并详细说明诽谤受害者所承担的成本。最后,就如何积极应对潜在的诽谤情况提出建议。
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引用次数: 0
Determinants of A Customer’s Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Organic Fruits and Vegetables: An Empirical Study in the Bangkok Metropolitan Area 顾客购买有机水果和蔬菜意愿的决定因素:曼谷都市圈的实证研究
Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijtef.2020.11.4.669
Suthathip Suanmali
Many people have become more interested in environmental products, paying more attention to their health and sanitation. The popularity of organic fruits and vegetables are increasing gradually and soon will become one of the top choices for people’s consumption. However, the consumption of organic food is not as widespread as it should be in Thailand because the prices are unstable and usually more expensive than conventional food. This project’s objective is to identify the factors affecting the willingness to pay (WTP) for organic fruits and vegetables in Bangkok and its metropolitan area by using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). Binary logistic regression and multiple regression are employed to determine the significant factors. Descriptive results from a willing to pay premium group indicate that the typical amount (median value) that they are willing to pay is up to 60 percent over the non-organic price. Recommendations are also discussed.
许多人对环保产品越来越感兴趣,越来越关注他们的健康和卫生。有机水果和蔬菜的受欢迎程度正在逐渐提高,很快将成为人们消费的首选之一。然而,在泰国,有机食品的消费并不像它应该的那样广泛,因为价格不稳定,通常比传统食品更贵。该项目的目标是通过使用条件估值法(CVM)确定影响曼谷及其大都市区有机水果和蔬菜支付意愿的因素。采用二元logistic回归和多元回归确定显著性因素。来自愿意支付溢价的群体的描述性结果表明,他们愿意支付的典型金额(中值)高达非有机价格的60%。还讨论了建议。
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引用次数: 1
The Bottlenecks and Countermeasures for Local Governments to Introduce University Resources 地方政府引进高校资源的瓶颈与对策
Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijtef.2020.11.4.671
Qin Zheng, Yan Yinzhou
The article provides a more in-depth analysis and discussion on the importance for local governments to introduce university resources and the main problems encountered in the process. Meanwhile, in view of some existing methods and paths that local governments in the developed areas use in the introduction of university resources, the article puts forward several relatively feasible countermeasures and suggestions.
本文对地方政府引进高校资源的重要性以及在引进高校资源过程中遇到的主要问题进行了较为深入的分析和探讨。同时,针对发达地区地方政府引进高校资源的一些现有方法和路径,提出了一些比较可行的对策和建议。
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引用次数: 0
Does Earnings Quality Really Matter? An Evidence from Indonesian State-Owned Bank 盈余质量真的重要吗?来自印尼国有银行的证据
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijtef.2020.11.3.666
Rachma Bhakti Utami, N. F. Nuzula, Cacik Rut Damayanti
The main purpose of this study is to examine earnings quality and their impact on the financial performance of Indonesian state-owned banks from the period of 2006 up to 2018. The indicators for earnings quality are discretionary accruals and earnings persistence while measurements for financial performance are return on assets, return on equity, rate return on loans and total asset turn over. This research covers 4 Indonesian state-owned banks. The data for the study were analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS). Apparently, testing the effect of earnings quality in Indonesian state-owned banks reveals not a significant result, as unexpected. The result of this study slightly different from other previews research. The mainstream of theoretical asserts that earnings quality has a positive effect on financial performance. This study shows that although earnings quality doesn’t have a significant effect on financial performance, it doesn’t mean that companies can make earnings management on their earnings. This study also recommends that companies not only pursue company profit but also keep other factors to obtain good company performance for the short and long term.
本研究的主要目的是研究2006年至2018年期间印尼国有银行的盈余质量及其对财务绩效的影响。盈余质量的指标是可自由支配的应计项目和盈余持续性,而财务绩效的衡量指标是资产收益率、股本收益率、贷款收益率和总资产周转率。本研究涵盖4家印尼国有银行。本研究的数据采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)进行分析。显然,对印尼国有银行盈余质量的影响进行测试,结果并不显著,出乎意料。本研究的结果与其他预习研究略有不同。主流理论认为盈余质量对财务绩效有正向影响。本研究表明,虽然盈余质量对财务绩效没有显著影响,但这并不意味着公司可以对盈余进行盈余管理。本研究还建议,公司在追求公司利润的同时,也要保留其他因素,以获得短期和长期的良好公司绩效。
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引用次数: 1
Inflation Expectation and Consumption: Evidence from CHFS Data 通胀预期与消费:来自CHFS数据的证据
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.18178/IJTEF.2021.12.3.698
Yuxin Diao
Abstract—Engineering high inflation expectations has been proposed by economists and policymakers to stimulate consumption and GDP, especially when the nominal interest rate is approximately zero. This paper takes a close look at how individuals’ inflation expectation affects their readiness to spend. Households’ expectations about future economics affect their current consumption and there exists heterogeneous effect because of credit constraints. Using the cross-sectional data from China Household Finance Survey, we find that if households do not have credit constraints, those with positive inflation expectations spend 1437 RMB every year than those who expect the price level will stay the same or decrease. The effect of inflation expectations on consumption is insignificant for households with credit constraints. In addition, we further subdivide consumption into luxuries and necessities.
经济学家和政策制定者提出了高通胀预期来刺激消费和GDP,特别是在名义利率接近于零的情况下。本文仔细研究了个人的通胀预期如何影响他们的消费意愿。家庭对未来经济的预期影响其当前消费,并且由于信贷约束存在异质性效应。利用中国家庭金融调查的横断面数据,我们发现在没有信贷约束的情况下,通胀预期为正的家庭比预期物价水平不变或下降的家庭每年消费1437元。对于信贷紧张的家庭来说,通胀预期对消费的影响微不足道。此外,我们进一步将消费细分为奢侈品和必需品。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Sustainability Marketing: An Empirical Study on Consumers’ Perception and Attitudes towards Bio Plastic Coffee Cups in Thailand 可持续营销的影响:泰国消费者对生物塑料咖啡杯认知与态度的实证研究
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijtef.2020.11.3.664
C. Changchenkit, T. Plangklang
Sustainability marketing has recently been a prominent strategy in many industries and sectors worldwide, including Thailand. This study has been conducted through empirical study of bio plastic coffee cup usage in a coffee shop in Thailand, namely Café Amazon. The purpose of this research was to study (1) consumers’ perception towards bio plastic coffee cups. (2) consumers’ attitudes towards bio plastic coffee cups. (3) determinants on bio plastic coffee cup promotion . Data were collected inside the shops from 400 samples who were the customers of Café Amazon coffee shops in Bangkok. Conceptual framework were constructed from three key dimensions of perception process (stimulus, senses and response) and three keys factors of attitudes (affective, cognitive and behavioral factors) towards bio plastic coffee cups. Result showed that consumers expose to the bio plastic coffee cup’s stimulus and sense the message of them in a moderate level, but response actively in a high level. For the attitudinal factors, it was noted that consumers had some certain knowledge about the bio plastic cups and their benefits to consumers and the environment, felt positively about it and showed a supportive behavior to bio plastic coffee cup usage. Different gender, occupation and income level factors affected consumers perception and attitudes differently. To promote bio plastic coffee cup usage, marketers should design the different theme of communication upon segments of different genders, occupation and income groups, but kept the central message on the benefit that each person could help the world.
可持续营销最近已成为全球许多行业和部门的突出战略,包括泰国。本研究通过对泰国一家咖啡店caf Amazon的生物塑料咖啡杯使用情况进行实证研究。本研究的目的是研究(1)消费者对生物塑料咖啡杯的看法。(2)消费者对生物塑料咖啡杯的态度。(3)生物塑料咖啡杯推广的决定因素。数据是从400个曼谷caf亚马逊咖啡店的顾客样本中收集的。从感知过程(刺激、感觉和反应)三个关键维度和态度(情感、认知和行为因素)三个关键维度构建了对生物塑料咖啡杯的概念框架。结果表明,消费者对生物塑料咖啡杯的刺激和信息感知处于中等水平,但反应积极程度较高。在态度因素方面,消费者对生物塑料杯及其对消费者和环境的好处有一定的了解,对生物塑料杯有积极的看法,对生物塑料杯的使用表现出支持的行为。不同性别、职业和收入水平因素对消费者认知和态度的影响不同。为了促进生物塑料咖啡杯的使用,营销人员应该针对不同的性别、职业和收入群体设计不同的传播主题,但要保持每个人都能帮助世界的中心信息。
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引用次数: 0
Misallocation in Thai Manufacturing: Trends, Patterns and Its Determinants 泰国制造业的错配:趋势、模式及其决定因素
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.18178/IJTEF.2021.12.3.696
Tawanrat Khochasirisuwan
The main purpose of this paper is to measure the level of misallocation of industries in Thai manufacturing from 1997 to 2017 with a view to formulate prudential policy to promote productivity improvement. A measurement of misallocation proposed in [1] is used. Estimates of misallocation over the past two decades are further used in our balanced panel-data econometric analysis to identify its key determinants. The key findings suggest that most of industries experienced a decrease in misallocation over the past two decades. Nonetheless, the magnitude of changes varies across industries. The paneldata econometric analysis suggests that the changes of misallocation is negatively and significantly related to export output and import penetration ratios. Misallocation in industries in which a number of firms are export and/or import tends to be lower. Interestingly, the role of multinational enterprises can lower misallocation but taking place in more liberal trade environment. The main policy inference, therefore, is in favor of further trade liberalization to encourage firms to globally integrated and entice multinational enterprises.
本文的主要目的是衡量1997年至2017年泰国制造业的产业错配水平,以期制定审慎的政策来促进生产率的提高。本文采用了[1]中提出的错配度量方法。在我们的平衡面板数据计量经济学分析中,进一步使用了过去二十年的错配估计,以确定其关键决定因素。主要发现表明,在过去20年里,大多数行业的错配都有所减少。尽管如此,不同行业的变化幅度各不相同。面板数据计量分析表明,错配的变化与出口产出和进口渗透率呈显著负相关。在有许多公司出口和/或进口的行业中,错配率往往较低。有趣的是,跨国企业的作用可以降低错配,但发生在更自由的贸易环境。因此,主要的政策推论是赞成进一步的贸易自由化,以鼓励公司进行全球一体化并吸引跨国企业。
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引用次数: 0
Research on the Conducting Effect of Monetary Policy on Stock Market Based on Investor Sentiment 基于投资者情绪的货币政策对股市的传导效应研究
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.18178/IJTEF.2021.12.3.695
Xin Jin, Mengting Li, Tianxi Jin
Abstract—The research of stock market plays an important role in capital market and risk control. For the significant impact on the stock market, this paper studies the effect of monetary policy on the stock market as well as the effect of investor sentiment on the conducting effect of monetary policy by establishing VAR model. This paper also analyses the influence of monetary policy and investor sentiment on stock price in stages by combining specific events in the sample interval and using the structural mutation model. The study reveals that investor sentiment will greatly impact on the transmission of monetary policy, And with a relatively small influence, the impact of monetary policy on the stock market is not always present.
摘要:股票市场研究在资本市场和风险控制中具有重要的作用。针对货币政策对股票市场的显著影响,本文通过建立VAR模型,研究货币政策对股票市场的影响,以及投资者情绪对货币政策传导效果的影响。本文还结合样本区间的具体事件,运用结构突变模型,分阶段分析了货币政策和投资者情绪对股价的影响。研究发现,投资者情绪对货币政策传导有较大影响,而货币政策对股市的影响并不总是存在,影响相对较小。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
International journal trade, economics and finance
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