Pub Date : 2012-12-13DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2012.6379523
M. Wong, W. Tan, N. Zulkifli, S. M. Idrus
Energy consumption of ICT sector has become a contemporary issue since it is experiencing a rapid growth. Since, the access networks are estimated to consume nearly 70% of the total Internet energy consumption worldwide, an effective strategy to reduce energy consumption must consider the deployment of energy-efficient solutions within the access network domain. In specific, this paper focuses on the energy-aware solutions within the hybrid optical wireless access network (HOWAN) environment. Currently, majority of the works in Green HOWAN are still limited to a specific functional layer. Nevertheless, we believe that it is also important to investigate a more comprehensive energy-efficient solution that includes more than just one functional layer. This paper proposes a framework for an integrated green solution that takes into consideration both the transmission and network layers. Low power modulation format such as OFDM is proposed over HOWAN that runs green routing algorithm. Preliminary results show transmission and network layer analyses of OFDM format and green routing algorithm over HOWAN. Future work aims at incorporating information of OFDM energy model over green HOWAN network layer analysis.
{"title":"Cross layer solution towards green hybrid optical wireless access network utilizing energy efficient of routing and modulation format","authors":"M. Wong, W. Tan, N. Zulkifli, S. M. Idrus","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2012.6379523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2012.6379523","url":null,"abstract":"Energy consumption of ICT sector has become a contemporary issue since it is experiencing a rapid growth. Since, the access networks are estimated to consume nearly 70% of the total Internet energy consumption worldwide, an effective strategy to reduce energy consumption must consider the deployment of energy-efficient solutions within the access network domain. In specific, this paper focuses on the energy-aware solutions within the hybrid optical wireless access network (HOWAN) environment. Currently, majority of the works in Green HOWAN are still limited to a specific functional layer. Nevertheless, we believe that it is also important to investigate a more comprehensive energy-efficient solution that includes more than just one functional layer. This paper proposes a framework for an integrated green solution that takes into consideration both the transmission and network layers. Low power modulation format such as OFDM is proposed over HOWAN that runs green routing algorithm. Preliminary results show transmission and network layer analyses of OFDM format and green routing algorithm over HOWAN. Future work aims at incorporating information of OFDM energy model over green HOWAN network layer analysis.","PeriodicalId":243533,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Photonics","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131083191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-13DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2012.6379824
A. Zahid, J. S. Mandeep, P. Menon, H. Bakarman, F. Hasoon, A. Bakar, M. A. Ali
Two-dimensional (2-D) wavelength-spreading time-hopping for optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) systems have attracted much attention as a potential technique for enhancing the performance of optical access networks and propose a robust solution for the last mile networks. OCDMA itself is attractive because of its beneficial features which includes asynchronous multiple access, robustness against interference, high security and flexible bandwidth assignment. In this paper, we present the simulative study and comparison of a multi dimension 2D-OCDMA network utilizing Enhanced Double Weight (EDW) code which has enhanced properties such as a cross-correlation value of 1 and has a simple encoder/decoder design. The output BER was satisfactory at above 10-9 at the data rate of 1.25Gbps for various distances with the ITU-T G.652 standard single mode optical fiber.
{"title":"Performance analysis of multi-weight 2D-OCDMA TEDW","authors":"A. Zahid, J. S. Mandeep, P. Menon, H. Bakarman, F. Hasoon, A. Bakar, M. A. Ali","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2012.6379824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2012.6379824","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional (2-D) wavelength-spreading time-hopping for optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) systems have attracted much attention as a potential technique for enhancing the performance of optical access networks and propose a robust solution for the last mile networks. OCDMA itself is attractive because of its beneficial features which includes asynchronous multiple access, robustness against interference, high security and flexible bandwidth assignment. In this paper, we present the simulative study and comparison of a multi dimension 2D-OCDMA network utilizing Enhanced Double Weight (EDW) code which has enhanced properties such as a cross-correlation value of 1 and has a simple encoder/decoder design. The output BER was satisfactory at above 10-9 at the data rate of 1.25Gbps for various distances with the ITU-T G.652 standard single mode optical fiber.","PeriodicalId":243533,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Photonics","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127014432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-13DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2012.6379843
H. Seifoory
In this paper we present single and multi-functional fishnet metamaterial structures whose dimensions has been engineered and optimized to provide negative permeability, permittivity and consequently negative index of refraction at optical communication wavelength. They are based on silver as metallic layer rather than gold and SiO2 as dielectric layer which are perforated and deposited on glass substrate. Parameter retrieval procedure is done to determine the optical properties of fishnet metamaterial from calculated data usingRigorous Coupled Wave Analysis (RCWA) method.
{"title":"Designing single and multi-functional layer fishnet metamaterial at telecommunication wavelength","authors":"H. Seifoory","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2012.6379843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2012.6379843","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present single and multi-functional fishnet metamaterial structures whose dimensions has been engineered and optimized to provide negative permeability, permittivity and consequently negative index of refraction at optical communication wavelength. They are based on silver as metallic layer rather than gold and SiO2 as dielectric layer which are perforated and deposited on glass substrate. Parameter retrieval procedure is done to determine the optical properties of fishnet metamaterial from calculated data usingRigorous Coupled Wave Analysis (RCWA) method.","PeriodicalId":243533,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Photonics","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127619666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-13DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2012.6379858
S. Choudhury, V. Nair, P. Biswas, A. K. Mal, B. Choudhury
A family of variable offset-time based wavelength scheduling schemes for OBS edge-nodes, is proposed which performs 4-20 times better than ordinary LAUC-VF schedulers in terms of byte loss rate (ByLR). The schedulers accept a minimum and a maximum limit of offset-time along with the length of the burst as input and then return the appropriate wavelength and the exact offset-time, to be used for the burst. The basic principle is to align the burst either at the beginning or at the end of an existing void so that no new void is created after scheduling the burst unless mandated by the offset-time limits.
{"title":"A family of flexible offset-time based wavelength schedulers for OBS edge-nodes","authors":"S. Choudhury, V. Nair, P. Biswas, A. K. Mal, B. Choudhury","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2012.6379858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2012.6379858","url":null,"abstract":"A family of variable offset-time based wavelength scheduling schemes for OBS edge-nodes, is proposed which performs 4-20 times better than ordinary LAUC-VF schedulers in terms of byte loss rate (ByLR). The schedulers accept a minimum and a maximum limit of offset-time along with the length of the burst as input and then return the appropriate wavelength and the exact offset-time, to be used for the burst. The basic principle is to align the burst either at the beginning or at the end of an existing void so that no new void is created after scheduling the burst unless mandated by the offset-time limits.","PeriodicalId":243533,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Photonics","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126550394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-13DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2012.6379850
M. Ali, F. Abdullah, M. Z. Jamaludin, M. Al-Mansoori, A. Ismail, A. Abass
In this paper, the effect of the large signal power on the Raman amplification is simulated utilizing OptiSystem. Two types of Raman amplification systems are simulated; average power Raman amplifier model (APA-RFA) and bidirectional-fiber Raman amplifier model (Bi-Fiber RFA). A comparison is made between these two kinds of amplifiers under the same input power condition. As a result the saturation mechanism due to the large input signal is recognized in bidirectional fiber Raman amplifier model. This saturation is due to the stimulated Brillouin scattering that occurred once the input signal power exceeds the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold (SBSTH). On the other hand, the average power Raman amplifier model exhibits constant Raman gain with the input signal power variation as the stimulated Brillouin scattering is not considered in this model. Finally, experimental results show significant agreement with the simulation results of the bidirectional fiber Raman amplifier model.
{"title":"Simulation and experimental validation of gain saturation in Raman fiber amplifier","authors":"M. Ali, F. Abdullah, M. Z. Jamaludin, M. Al-Mansoori, A. Ismail, A. Abass","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2012.6379850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2012.6379850","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the effect of the large signal power on the Raman amplification is simulated utilizing OptiSystem. Two types of Raman amplification systems are simulated; average power Raman amplifier model (APA-RFA) and bidirectional-fiber Raman amplifier model (Bi-Fiber RFA). A comparison is made between these two kinds of amplifiers under the same input power condition. As a result the saturation mechanism due to the large input signal is recognized in bidirectional fiber Raman amplifier model. This saturation is due to the stimulated Brillouin scattering that occurred once the input signal power exceeds the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold (SBSTH). On the other hand, the average power Raman amplifier model exhibits constant Raman gain with the input signal power variation as the stimulated Brillouin scattering is not considered in this model. Finally, experimental results show significant agreement with the simulation results of the bidirectional fiber Raman amplifier model.","PeriodicalId":243533,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Photonics","volume":"193 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131873302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-13DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2012.6379891
Dandan Liang, Xinyi Xu, S. Ng, L. Hanzo
A low-complexity cooperative wireless and optical-fiber communication scheme is proposed for uplink communication in a Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) based multicell, multiuser system. The FFR principle is invoked for improving the cell-edge performance without reducing the throughput of the cell-center. Each cell is illuminated with the aid of six Remote Antennas (RAs), which are connected to the central base-station with the aid of realistically modelled imperfect optical-fiber links. When a Mobile Station (MS) is located at the cell-edge, the two nearest RAs can be invoked to detect and forward the user's signal to the base-station, based on the Single-Input Multiple-Output (SIMO) principle. Furthermore, we design a Turbo Coded (TC) 16-level Star-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (StQAM) scheme for supporting optical-fiber-aided cooperative wireless transmission, where the receiver does not have to estimate the channel state information. Hence, a lower detection complexity can be achieved when compared to coherently detected schemes, albeit naturally, at a 3 dB power-loss. We also investigated the effect of phase-rotation imposed by imperfect optical-fiber links. We found that our noncoherent TC-StQAM scheme is robust to both wireless and optical-fiber imperfections.
{"title":"Turbo-coded Star-QAM for cooperative wireless and optical-fiber communications","authors":"Dandan Liang, Xinyi Xu, S. Ng, L. Hanzo","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2012.6379891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2012.6379891","url":null,"abstract":"A low-complexity cooperative wireless and optical-fiber communication scheme is proposed for uplink communication in a Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) based multicell, multiuser system. The FFR principle is invoked for improving the cell-edge performance without reducing the throughput of the cell-center. Each cell is illuminated with the aid of six Remote Antennas (RAs), which are connected to the central base-station with the aid of realistically modelled imperfect optical-fiber links. When a Mobile Station (MS) is located at the cell-edge, the two nearest RAs can be invoked to detect and forward the user's signal to the base-station, based on the Single-Input Multiple-Output (SIMO) principle. Furthermore, we design a Turbo Coded (TC) 16-level Star-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (StQAM) scheme for supporting optical-fiber-aided cooperative wireless transmission, where the receiver does not have to estimate the channel state information. Hence, a lower detection complexity can be achieved when compared to coherently detected schemes, albeit naturally, at a 3 dB power-loss. We also investigated the effect of phase-rotation imposed by imperfect optical-fiber links. We found that our noncoherent TC-StQAM scheme is robust to both wireless and optical-fiber imperfections.","PeriodicalId":243533,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Photonics","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121815409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-13DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2012.6379870
Khadijah Ismail, P. Menon, H. Bakarman, A. Bakar, N. Arsad
Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) is used for a 2.5Gbps Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) transmission in O to L-band (1271-1611 nm). Analysis of the proposed topology is conducted using Optisystem software. In this paper, discussions on the gain spectrum and the quality of signal of an optically amplified 18 channel system are provided. A wideband travelling wave SOA which operates as an inline amplifier resulted in wide 3 dB bandwidth of 200 nm. The overall quality of signal at the receiver is evaluated with the Q factor value. Better performance based on Q factor analysis is obtained at larger lengths of the first fiber span and a flat gain over 11 CWDM channels is obtained.
{"title":"Performance of 18 channel CWDM system with inline Semiconductor Optical Amplifier","authors":"Khadijah Ismail, P. Menon, H. Bakarman, A. Bakar, N. Arsad","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2012.6379870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2012.6379870","url":null,"abstract":"Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) is used for a 2.5Gbps Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) transmission in O to L-band (1271-1611 nm). Analysis of the proposed topology is conducted using Optisystem software. In this paper, discussions on the gain spectrum and the quality of signal of an optically amplified 18 channel system are provided. A wideband travelling wave SOA which operates as an inline amplifier resulted in wide 3 dB bandwidth of 200 nm. The overall quality of signal at the receiver is evaluated with the Q factor value. Better performance based on Q factor analysis is obtained at larger lengths of the first fiber span and a flat gain over 11 CWDM channels is obtained.","PeriodicalId":243533,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Photonics","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127037476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-13DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2012.6379845
M. Junita, S. Aljunid, M. Anuar, A. R. Arief, R. A. Rahim, R. Ahmad, M. Saad
In this paper, we demonstrate a novel architecture of variable weight Zero Cross Correlation code in the family of Spectral Amplitude Coding(SAC) Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) to be utilized in the triple play services of OCDMA applications based on the end users demand and requirements. This is achieved by adapting multiple weights of Zero Cross Correlation (ZCC) code onto one system to accommodate different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. The results are characterized by bit error rate (BER) and eye pattern simulated using OptiSystem software. Results proved a successful transmission of this scheme over 20km distance thus offering flexibility of independent QoS. It is also revealed that the performance is always better for users with larger number of code weight compared to those assigned with smaller code weight.
{"title":"Modeling and simulation of variable weight zero cross correlation code in optical access network","authors":"M. Junita, S. Aljunid, M. Anuar, A. R. Arief, R. A. Rahim, R. Ahmad, M. Saad","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2012.6379845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2012.6379845","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we demonstrate a novel architecture of variable weight Zero Cross Correlation code in the family of Spectral Amplitude Coding(SAC) Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) to be utilized in the triple play services of OCDMA applications based on the end users demand and requirements. This is achieved by adapting multiple weights of Zero Cross Correlation (ZCC) code onto one system to accommodate different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. The results are characterized by bit error rate (BER) and eye pattern simulated using OptiSystem software. Results proved a successful transmission of this scheme over 20km distance thus offering flexibility of independent QoS. It is also revealed that the performance is always better for users with larger number of code weight compared to those assigned with smaller code weight.","PeriodicalId":243533,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Photonics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130804220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-13DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2012.6379842
Wai Loon-Ho, C. Ooi, A. Bandrauk
We extend the Keldysh theory to study the characteristics of ionization rate of a hydrogenic atom subjected to intense lasers field. We obtain an exact semianalytical result of the ionization rate for the linearly polarized laser field. The Keldysh's theory is generalized for arbitrary momentum of the photoelectron. We study the contribution of an additional term, associated with the second pole neglected in Keldysh's theory, to the photoionization spectra of the exact rates as functions of frequency and electric field strength.
{"title":"Generalized momentum of tunnelling ionization of hydrogenic atom in linearly polarized laser","authors":"Wai Loon-Ho, C. Ooi, A. Bandrauk","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2012.6379842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2012.6379842","url":null,"abstract":"We extend the Keldysh theory to study the characteristics of ionization rate of a hydrogenic atom subjected to intense lasers field. We obtain an exact semianalytical result of the ionization rate for the linearly polarized laser field. The Keldysh's theory is generalized for arbitrary momentum of the photoelectron. We study the contribution of an additional term, associated with the second pole neglected in Keldysh's theory, to the photoionization spectra of the exact rates as functions of frequency and electric field strength.","PeriodicalId":243533,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Photonics","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125596494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-13DOI: 10.1109/ICP.2012.6379825
M. Kowalczyk, J. Siuzdak
There is demonstrated a successful 2 channel incoherent MIMO transmission over 4.4 km of typical OM2 grade 50 μm core MM fiber with a total throughput of 800 Mbit/s for two modulation formats (QPSK and BPSK). Zero Forcing algorithm was employed for channels recovery with the transfer matrix measurement prior to the transmission. The received signal quality was estimated by Q-parameter, which varied between 4.5 and 12 depending on experiment. This indicated the feasibility of the transmission with some form of FEC.
{"title":"800 Mbit/s (2×400 Mbit/s) 2-channel incoherent MIMO transmission over a OM2 grade multimode fiber","authors":"M. Kowalczyk, J. Siuzdak","doi":"10.1109/ICP.2012.6379825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICP.2012.6379825","url":null,"abstract":"There is demonstrated a successful 2 channel incoherent MIMO transmission over 4.4 km of typical OM2 grade 50 μm core MM fiber with a total throughput of 800 Mbit/s for two modulation formats (QPSK and BPSK). Zero Forcing algorithm was employed for channels recovery with the transfer matrix measurement prior to the transmission. The received signal quality was estimated by Q-parameter, which varied between 4.5 and 12 depending on experiment. This indicated the feasibility of the transmission with some form of FEC.","PeriodicalId":243533,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Photonics","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134536223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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