Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.1080/0067270x.2023.2260666
Sara E. Watson, Tamara Dogandžić, Peiqi Zhang, Teresa E. Steele, Nicolas Zwyns
ABSTRACTIn southern Africa, the Howiesons Poort is one of the earliest technocomplexes in which small blades and bladelets were systematically produced and retouched into formal tools. While the presence of small lithic artefacts in an assemblage is well-documented, little is known about production pathways. This paper reports on the analysis of the lithic assemblage from Horizon 6/7 of Charles Keller’s excavations of Montagu Cave, South Africa, to evaluate how raw material and decision-making affects the size of stone tools in Howiesons Poort assemblages. It addresses the following questions: how were small blades produced? Was it a deliberate choice or a constraint imposed by raw material availability? Results show branching modes of production for large and small blanks beginning with raw material acquisition. The independent production of small blanks is reinforced by the presence of cores on flakes in the assemblage. However, a relatively standardised core reduction process was used consistently, regardless of core size. The main technological and typological features observed in Horizon 6/7 are in line with other known Howiesons Poort assemblages. Considered as a whole, these observations highlight the consistency of Howiesons Poort blade technology and the deliberate production of small blanks and tools.RÉSUMÉEn Afrique méridionale, le Howiesons Poort est l’un des premiers complexes technologiques dans lequel de petites lames et lamelles furent systématiquement produites et retouchées pour en faire des outils formels. Bien que la présence de petits objets lithiques dans un assemblage soit bien documentée, on sait peu de choses sur les voies de production. Cet article présente les résultats de l’analyse de l’assemblage lithique de l’Horizon 6/7 des fouilles de Charles Keller dans la grotte de Montagu, en Afrique du Sud, afin d’évaluer comment les matières premières et la prise de décisions affectèrent la grandeur des outils en pierre dans les assemblages Howiesons Poort. L’étude répond à deux questions: comment les petites lames étaient-elles produites? Et leur fabrication était-elle un choix délibéré ou une contrainte imposée par la disponibilité des matières premières? Les résultats démontrent des modes de production diversifiés pour les grandes et petites ébauches, en commençant par l’acquisition des matières premières. La production indépendante de petites ébauches est renforcée par la présence de nucléus sur éclats dans l’assemblage. Cependant, un processus de réduction des nucléus relativement standardisés a été systématiquement utilisé, quelle que soit leur taille. Les principales caractéristiques technologiques et typologiques observées dans l’Horizon 6/7 sont conformes à celles d’autres assemblages Howiesons Poort connus. Considérées dans leur ensemble, ces observations mettent en évidence la cohérence dans la technologie des lames Howiesons Poort, et la production délibérée d’ébauches et d’outils de petite taille.KEYWORDS: Howieso
{"title":"Small tool production in the Howiesons Poort: a view from Montagu Cave, South Africa","authors":"Sara E. Watson, Tamara Dogandžić, Peiqi Zhang, Teresa E. Steele, Nicolas Zwyns","doi":"10.1080/0067270x.2023.2260666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0067270x.2023.2260666","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIn southern Africa, the Howiesons Poort is one of the earliest technocomplexes in which small blades and bladelets were systematically produced and retouched into formal tools. While the presence of small lithic artefacts in an assemblage is well-documented, little is known about production pathways. This paper reports on the analysis of the lithic assemblage from Horizon 6/7 of Charles Keller’s excavations of Montagu Cave, South Africa, to evaluate how raw material and decision-making affects the size of stone tools in Howiesons Poort assemblages. It addresses the following questions: how were small blades produced? Was it a deliberate choice or a constraint imposed by raw material availability? Results show branching modes of production for large and small blanks beginning with raw material acquisition. The independent production of small blanks is reinforced by the presence of cores on flakes in the assemblage. However, a relatively standardised core reduction process was used consistently, regardless of core size. The main technological and typological features observed in Horizon 6/7 are in line with other known Howiesons Poort assemblages. Considered as a whole, these observations highlight the consistency of Howiesons Poort blade technology and the deliberate production of small blanks and tools.RÉSUMÉEn Afrique méridionale, le Howiesons Poort est l’un des premiers complexes technologiques dans lequel de petites lames et lamelles furent systématiquement produites et retouchées pour en faire des outils formels. Bien que la présence de petits objets lithiques dans un assemblage soit bien documentée, on sait peu de choses sur les voies de production. Cet article présente les résultats de l’analyse de l’assemblage lithique de l’Horizon 6/7 des fouilles de Charles Keller dans la grotte de Montagu, en Afrique du Sud, afin d’évaluer comment les matières premières et la prise de décisions affectèrent la grandeur des outils en pierre dans les assemblages Howiesons Poort. L’étude répond à deux questions: comment les petites lames étaient-elles produites? Et leur fabrication était-elle un choix délibéré ou une contrainte imposée par la disponibilité des matières premières? Les résultats démontrent des modes de production diversifiés pour les grandes et petites ébauches, en commençant par l’acquisition des matières premières. La production indépendante de petites ébauches est renforcée par la présence de nucléus sur éclats dans l’assemblage. Cependant, un processus de réduction des nucléus relativement standardisés a été systématiquement utilisé, quelle que soit leur taille. Les principales caractéristiques technologiques et typologiques observées dans l’Horizon 6/7 sont conformes à celles d’autres assemblages Howiesons Poort connus. Considérées dans leur ensemble, ces observations mettent en évidence la cohérence dans la technologie des lames Howiesons Poort, et la production délibérée d’ébauches et d’outils de petite taille.KEYWORDS: Howieso","PeriodicalId":243659,"journal":{"name":"Azania:archaeological Research in Africa","volume":"291 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135474713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.1080/0067270x.2023.2265228
Susan Keech McIntosh, Roderick J. McIntosh
Previously unpublished results of test excavations in 1986–1987 at Dia, an extensive occupation mound complex on the western margins of the Inland Niger Delta in Mali, have been augmented by a series of new AMS dates. This article explores how the excavation and radiocarbon data together provide new insights into occupation sequences and site formation processes. It presents details on the depositional contexts, chronology and associated material culture at each of the 1986–1987 excavation units. Using these data, we examine the role of post-depositional disturbance, secondary deposition and re-use of earlier cultural deposits in interpreting site formation processes at the Dia settlement mounds. In addition, we emphasise the important role that studies of well-contextualised pottery from excavation can play in evaluating regional interactions through comparisons with other documented sequences in neighbouring areas, including Jenne-jeno and the Méma. This focus on site formation and regional interaction enables new interpretations that also interrogate and expand the results of the larger-scale excavations at Dia by an international team between 1998 and 2002.
{"title":"Revisiting site history and regional interaction at the Dia settlement mound complex, Mali","authors":"Susan Keech McIntosh, Roderick J. McIntosh","doi":"10.1080/0067270x.2023.2265228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0067270x.2023.2265228","url":null,"abstract":"Previously unpublished results of test excavations in 1986–1987 at Dia, an extensive occupation mound complex on the western margins of the Inland Niger Delta in Mali, have been augmented by a series of new AMS dates. This article explores how the excavation and radiocarbon data together provide new insights into occupation sequences and site formation processes. It presents details on the depositional contexts, chronology and associated material culture at each of the 1986–1987 excavation units. Using these data, we examine the role of post-depositional disturbance, secondary deposition and re-use of earlier cultural deposits in interpreting site formation processes at the Dia settlement mounds. In addition, we emphasise the important role that studies of well-contextualised pottery from excavation can play in evaluating regional interactions through comparisons with other documented sequences in neighbouring areas, including Jenne-jeno and the Méma. This focus on site formation and regional interaction enables new interpretations that also interrogate and expand the results of the larger-scale excavations at Dia by an international team between 1998 and 2002.","PeriodicalId":243659,"journal":{"name":"Azania:archaeological Research in Africa","volume":"291 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135474709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.1080/0067270x.2023.2267903
Margaret-Ashley Veall, Peter J. Mitchell
ABSTRACTThere is longstanding evidence in the archaeological record of southern Africa for the application of hafting adhesives in the production of composite tool technology. Despite the limitations in the preservation of organics in archaeological contexts, the preservation of these materials can inform us about aspects of technological production and function, including hafting arrangements, adhesive production and resource acquisition. In some instances where we see the prevalence of organic materials that are at odds with the ecological landscape, these same materials can also elucidate social interactions between cultural groups. This paper presents the results of the analysis by microscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of hafting residues from stone tools from the ceramic final Later Stone Age assemblages at Sehonghong, Lesotho. It argues that an adoption of novel resources including Pinus sp. resin, castor oil and paraffin by nineteenth-century San facilitated the continued existence of hunter-gatherer lifeways in increasingly marginalised circumstances amid tense relationships between the last hunter-gatherers of the Maloti-Drakensberg, newly arriving Basotho communities and European colonists.RÉSUMÉIl existe des preuves de longue date dans les archives archéologiques de l’Afrique australe de l’application d’adhésifs d’emmanchement dans la production de la technologie des outils composites. Malgré les limites de la préservation des matières organiques dans les contextes archéologiques, la préservation de ces matériaux peut nous informer sur les aspects de la production et de la fonction technologiques, y compris les arrangements d’emmanchement, la production d’adhésifs et l’acquisition de ressources. Dans certains cas où l'on constate la prédominance de matériaux organiques qui sont en contradiction avec le paysage écologique, ces mêmes matériaux peuvent également élucider les interactions sociales entre les groupes culturels. Cet article présente les résultats de l’analyse par microscopie et chromatographie en phase gazeuse-spectrométrie de masse (GC-MS) des résidus d’emmanchement des outils en pierre des assemblages de l’âge de pierre ultérieur final (final Later Stone Age) à Sehonghong, Lesotho. Il soutient que l’adoption de nouvelles ressources, y compris la résine du pin (Pinus sp.), l’huile de ricin et la paraffine par les San du dix-neuvième siècle ont facilité la continuation des modes de vie des chasseurs-cueilleurs dans des circonstances de plus en plus marginalisées au milieu de relations tendues entre les derniers chasseurs-cueilleurs du Maloti-Drakensberg, les nouvelles communités Basotho et les colons européens.KEYWORDS: Later Stone Agenineteenth-century Maloti-Drakensberghafting adhesivesgas-chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (GC-MS)Pinus resincastor oilparaffin AcknowledgmentsWe wish to thank Louise Hutten for facilitating access to the Sehonghong artefact collections studied, which are currently
【摘要】在非洲南部的考古记录中，有长期存在的证据表明，在复合工具技术的生产中应用了轴封粘合剂。尽管在考古背景下保存有机物存在局限性，但这些材料的保存可以告诉我们技术生产和功能的各个方面，包括轴封安排、粘合剂生产和资源获取。在某些情况下，我们看到有机材料的流行与生态景观不一致，这些材料也可以阐明文化群体之间的社会互动。本文介绍了在莱索托Sehonghong地区，用显微镜和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对晚期石器时代陶瓷组合中的石器残留物进行分析的结果。该研究认为，19世纪的桑人对松脂、蓖麻油和石蜡等新资源的采用，促进了狩猎采集者生活方式的继续存在，这种生活方式在日益边缘化的环境中继续存在，而马洛蒂-德拉肯斯堡最后的狩猎采集者、新到达的巴索托社区和欧洲殖民者之间的关系日益紧张。RÉSUMÉIl存在关于长期日期、档案、南方非洲、应用、管理、生产、技术和复合材料的文件、档案和应用的文件。在组织和环境方面，在生产和功能技术方面，在组织和环境方面，在组织和环境方面，在生产和功能技术方面，包括管理方面的安排、生产和管理方面的安排和资源获取方面的安排。在某些情况下où l'on conconstate的谓语为:a prprizumdominance de matciriaux organques ququsonen矛盾，即:a paysage samogique，即mêmes matciriaux percuvenest，即: matciriaux percuvenest，即:相互作用，社会，团体，文化。这篇文章发表于莱索托，Sehonghong, de Lesotho。该文章描述了晚期石器时代(final late Stone Age)。新资源的采用情况，包括新资源的采用情况(Pinus sp.)、新资源的采用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况、新资源的使用情况。关键词:后期石器时代，19世纪Maloti-Drakensberghafting胶粘剂气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)松木树脂或油石蜡致谢我们要感谢Louise Hutten为我们提供了所研究的Sehonghong人工制品藏品，这些藏品目前收藏在南非开普敦大学考古学系;选定的材料被运送到英国牛津考古学和艺术史研究实验室进行分析。莱索托保护和保存委员会批准米切尔这样做。我们还要感谢加拿大自然保护研究所的Jennifer Poulin在2016年Veall博士在那里实习期间对GC-MS数据解释进行了宝贵的讨论。此外，我们感谢我们的推荐人提供的有用的意见。作者简介:margaret - ashley Veall是位于加拿大渥太华的加拿大保护研究所的一名保护科学家。她擅长使用气相色谱-质谱和热解气相色谱-质谱分析文物收藏中的有机物质。虽然她目前的工作重点是有机考古材料，天然结合介质和农药在加拿大的背景下，她的博士研究集中在非洲南部石器时代考古遗址的粘合剂和残留物的特征。彼得·米切尔，牛津大学非洲考古学教授，牛津大学圣休学院考古学导师和研究员，威特沃特斯兰德大学岩石艺术研究所副研究员。1988年至1998年期间，他在莱索托进行了广泛的挖掘工作，最近在梅托隆大坝建设之前，他对那里的实地工作进行了总体指导。他对这个国家的考古学保持着浓厚的兴趣，同时也在非洲考古学和人与动物关系的不同主题上进行了更广泛的研究。
{"title":"Hafting adhesives from the final Later Stone Age layers at Sehonghong, Lesotho: a case study and commentary on the use of imported resources by nineteenth-century San","authors":"Margaret-Ashley Veall, Peter J. Mitchell","doi":"10.1080/0067270x.2023.2267903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0067270x.2023.2267903","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThere is longstanding evidence in the archaeological record of southern Africa for the application of hafting adhesives in the production of composite tool technology. Despite the limitations in the preservation of organics in archaeological contexts, the preservation of these materials can inform us about aspects of technological production and function, including hafting arrangements, adhesive production and resource acquisition. In some instances where we see the prevalence of organic materials that are at odds with the ecological landscape, these same materials can also elucidate social interactions between cultural groups. This paper presents the results of the analysis by microscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of hafting residues from stone tools from the ceramic final Later Stone Age assemblages at Sehonghong, Lesotho. It argues that an adoption of novel resources including Pinus sp. resin, castor oil and paraffin by nineteenth-century San facilitated the continued existence of hunter-gatherer lifeways in increasingly marginalised circumstances amid tense relationships between the last hunter-gatherers of the Maloti-Drakensberg, newly arriving Basotho communities and European colonists.RÉSUMÉIl existe des preuves de longue date dans les archives archéologiques de l’Afrique australe de l’application d’adhésifs d’emmanchement dans la production de la technologie des outils composites. Malgré les limites de la préservation des matières organiques dans les contextes archéologiques, la préservation de ces matériaux peut nous informer sur les aspects de la production et de la fonction technologiques, y compris les arrangements d’emmanchement, la production d’adhésifs et l’acquisition de ressources. Dans certains cas où l'on constate la prédominance de matériaux organiques qui sont en contradiction avec le paysage écologique, ces mêmes matériaux peuvent également élucider les interactions sociales entre les groupes culturels. Cet article présente les résultats de l’analyse par microscopie et chromatographie en phase gazeuse-spectrométrie de masse (GC-MS) des résidus d’emmanchement des outils en pierre des assemblages de l’âge de pierre ultérieur final (final Later Stone Age) à Sehonghong, Lesotho. Il soutient que l’adoption de nouvelles ressources, y compris la résine du pin (Pinus sp.), l’huile de ricin et la paraffine par les San du dix-neuvième siècle ont facilité la continuation des modes de vie des chasseurs-cueilleurs dans des circonstances de plus en plus marginalisées au milieu de relations tendues entre les derniers chasseurs-cueilleurs du Maloti-Drakensberg, les nouvelles communités Basotho et les colons européens.KEYWORDS: Later Stone Agenineteenth-century Maloti-Drakensberghafting adhesivesgas-chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (GC-MS)Pinus resincastor oilparaffin AcknowledgmentsWe wish to thank Louise Hutten for facilitating access to the Sehonghong artefact collections studied, which are currently ","PeriodicalId":243659,"journal":{"name":"Azania:archaeological Research in Africa","volume":"296 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135474933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.1080/0067270x.2023.2268986
Lucy Timbrell, Behailu Habte, Yosef Tefera, Christine Maroma, Emmanuel Ndiema, Kimberly Plomp, James Blinkhorn, Matt Grove
Stone points are one of the key features used to define the African Middle Stone Age (MSA). Regional patterns in their shape and size through time have been thought to reflect inter-group interactions and networks of populations and are used to define cultural phases within the MSA. However, eastern Africa does not have distinctive and widely applied chrono-stratigraphic point variants that divide its MSA record, which is often described as being highly variable. This paper presents a metric and geometric morphometric analysis of eastern African MSA points and evaluates potential drivers of variation in them in relation to null models of isolation by distance, time and environment. Approximately half of the shape variance in our sample can be explained by spatial, temporal and environmental differences, as well as by size, indicating a degree of demographic continuity through sustained cultural transmission. A portion of the remaining variance likely represents stylistic differences between assemblages, which are often the subject of interest in archaeological studies. The highly variable nature of the eastern African MSA may reflect the region’s refugial positioning within the continent, with point technology a flexible adaptive system that was dynamically employed across Africa during the MSA depending on varying social and ecological contexts, resulting in the appearance of both ‘generic’ and ‘specific’ tool forms at particular times and places.
{"title":"Stone point variability reveals spatial, chronological and environmental structuring of eastern African Middle Stone Age populations","authors":"Lucy Timbrell, Behailu Habte, Yosef Tefera, Christine Maroma, Emmanuel Ndiema, Kimberly Plomp, James Blinkhorn, Matt Grove","doi":"10.1080/0067270x.2023.2268986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0067270x.2023.2268986","url":null,"abstract":"Stone points are one of the key features used to define the African Middle Stone Age (MSA). Regional patterns in their shape and size through time have been thought to reflect inter-group interactions and networks of populations and are used to define cultural phases within the MSA. However, eastern Africa does not have distinctive and widely applied chrono-stratigraphic point variants that divide its MSA record, which is often described as being highly variable. This paper presents a metric and geometric morphometric analysis of eastern African MSA points and evaluates potential drivers of variation in them in relation to null models of isolation by distance, time and environment. Approximately half of the shape variance in our sample can be explained by spatial, temporal and environmental differences, as well as by size, indicating a degree of demographic continuity through sustained cultural transmission. A portion of the remaining variance likely represents stylistic differences between assemblages, which are often the subject of interest in archaeological studies. The highly variable nature of the eastern African MSA may reflect the region’s refugial positioning within the continent, with point technology a flexible adaptive system that was dynamically employed across Africa during the MSA depending on varying social and ecological contexts, resulting in the appearance of both ‘generic’ and ‘specific’ tool forms at particular times and places.","PeriodicalId":243659,"journal":{"name":"Azania:archaeological Research in Africa","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135480427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.1080/0067270x.2023.2267901
Foniyama Élise Ilboudo-Thiombiano
RÉSUMÉAu Burkina Faso, la cartographie de la métallurgie du fer de Jean-Baptiste Kiethega permet de dégager quatre provinces métallurgiques. Gonsé, localisé au centre du pays, s’inscrit dans la grande province métallurgique des Boose caractérisée par une diversité de techniques et de types de fourneaux. Pour une meilleure connaissance de l’activité et la couverture complète du territoire burkinabè, des recherches ont été menées à Gonsé, village situé dans la périphérie est de Ouagadougou la capitale du Burkina Faso. Les questions soulevées par ces recherches sont notamment la nature des vestiges de la paléo-métallurgie du fer, les dates et leurs liens avec les données existantes. L’étude exclusive des sites métallurgiques qui ont fait l’objet de la recherche se base sur la tradition orale, les écrits et les fouilles archéologiques. En surface, on a la présence de bases de fourneaux, de scories, des restes de tuyères et de fragments de parois. De forme circulaire, le système d’alimentation en air des fourneaux est probablement la ventilation naturelle. Les vestiges ont des caractéristiques proches des traditions techniques KRS 3 (quatorzième à seizième siècles ap. J.-C.) de Korsimoro (Sanmatenga) et B3 (seizième à vingtième siècles ap. J.-C.) du Bam. La fouille des bases de fourneaux (F1 et F3) de l’atelier 1 permet de dire que le principal matériau de construction est la motte d’argile. Le fourneau 1 est daté entre les troisième et le cinquième siècle ap. J.-C. tandis que le F3 est daté entre le cinquième et le sixième siècle.ABSTRACTIn Burkina Faso, the mapping of iron metallurgy by Jean-Baptiste Kiethega makes it possible to identify four metallurgical provinces. Gonsé, located in the centre of the country, is part of the large metallurgical province of Boose characterised by a diversity of techniques and types of furnaces. To improve understanding of these activities and obtain complete coverage of the Burkinabe territory, fieldwork was carried out in Gonsé, a village located in the eastern outskirts of Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso. Drawing on a combination of archaeological excavation, oral tradition and historical sources, the questions raised by this research concern the nature of the vestiges of iron metallurgy found there, their dates and their links with existing data. Ironworking is evidenced on the surface by the presence of furnace bases, slags, the remains of nozzles and fragments of furnace walls. Circular in shape, the air supply system for the stoves probably took the form of natural ventilation. The remains have characteristics close to the technical traditions known as KRS 3 (fourteenth to sixteenth centuries AD) from Korsimoro (Sanmatenga) and B3 (sixteenth to twentieth centuries AD) from Bam. Excavation of the furnace bases (F1 and F3) at workshop 1 shows that the main construction material used was clay. Furnace 1 is dated between the third and fifth centuries AD while F3 dates to between the fifth and sixth centu
在布基纳法索，Jean-Baptiste Kiethega绘制的铁冶金地图显示了四个冶金省份。gonse位于该国中部，是大型冶金省Boose的一部分，其特点是各种技术和熔炉类型。为了更好地了解这一活动并全面覆盖布基纳法索领土，在布基纳法索首都瓦加杜古东部郊区的gonse村进行了研究。这项研究提出的问题包括古铁冶金遗迹的性质、年代及其与现有数据的联系。对冶金遗址的独家研究是基于口头传统、文字和考古发掘。表面有炉基、炉渣、tuyes残余和壁碎片。炉膛的空气供应系统是圆形的，可能是自然通风。这些遗迹的特点与Korsimoro (Sanmatenga)的KRS 3(公元14 - 16世纪)和Bam的B3(公元16 - 20世纪)的技术传统相似。对车间1的炉座(F1和F3)的挖掘表明，主要的建筑材料是粘土块。1号炉的历史可以追溯到公元3世纪到5世纪之间。而F3可以追溯到5世纪到6世纪之间。布基纳法索，Jean-Baptiste Kiethega的《铁冶金制图》使确定四个冶金省成为可能。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查局的数据，该县的总面积为，其中土地和(1.)水。为了增进对这些活动的了解并全面覆盖布基纳法索领土，在位于布基纳法索首都瓦加杜古东部郊区的gonse村进行了实地工作。绘画组合,据考古挖掘,口头传统和历史渊源,the提问,by this the nature of the research concern of iron冶金遗迹找到痕迹,and their links with their日期有关的现有数据。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的面积为，其中土地面积为，其中土地面积为。通告in shape the air supply system for the stoves,有可能是the form of natural通风。The known as close to The technical传统的遗骨have特征KRS - 3(29摄氏度教堂在B3 (AD) from Korsimoro Sanmatenga) and(教堂二十摄氏度,在AD) from Bam。在第1车间挖掘炉基(F1和F3)表明使用的主要建筑材料是粘土。熔炉1 is between the third and .第五,在公元while to between the第五和第六,在F3的日期。关键词:archeologieburkina fasogonsemetallurgeferfourneaudatation感谢参与勘探和调查的考古、艺术和技术历史实验室的不同成员，特别是L. kote, p.j.b教师。Coulibaly, L. Ki和S.H. Ouedraogo;博士生L. Toubga, H. Lankoande, B. Damboue, J. Sawadogo, E. Bayala和F.X. Tiendrebeogo，硕士研究生V.D. Yabre, T. Zagre, Z. Sore, P. Moyenfa, A.Y. Benao, B. Ouedraogo和Y. Ouattara。文本中的三个日期已由PoznańRadiocarbon Laboratory)、波兰和我感谢他的帮助教授Tomasz经客观。注1 E. Huysecom和B. Agustoni, the ultimate iron house (1996);视听研究院(MICIST)、铁厂的火神(2009);多哥的文化部文化遗产和教科文组织领导、T’bol多哥Bassar身上的火的舞蹈(2012);卫生部和教育部文化研究》,多哥洛美举行的美国文化中心和洛美大学历史系考古和古色古香的高炉bassar国(2021年);e . Bakyono返回给源,铁产量据祖传工艺(na)。foniyama elise Ilboudo-ThiombianoFoniyama elise Ilboudo-Thiombiano是Joseph Ki-Zerbo大学的考古学教授兼研究员，负责布基纳法索瓦加杜古考古和艺术技术史实验室的技术历史团队。2014年3月至2017年3月，她担任布基纳法索瓦加杜古大学历史与考古学系主任，并在巴黎1号IHMC技术历史实验室(CNRS) CH2ST担任副研究员。
{"title":"Données sur la métallurgie ancienne du fer dans la périphérie est de Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso: résultats de recherche des sites de production ancienne du fer à Gonsé","authors":"Foniyama Élise Ilboudo-Thiombiano","doi":"10.1080/0067270x.2023.2267901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0067270x.2023.2267901","url":null,"abstract":"RÉSUMÉAu Burkina Faso, la cartographie de la métallurgie du fer de Jean-Baptiste Kiethega permet de dégager quatre provinces métallurgiques. Gonsé, localisé au centre du pays, s’inscrit dans la grande province métallurgique des Boose caractérisée par une diversité de techniques et de types de fourneaux. Pour une meilleure connaissance de l’activité et la couverture complète du territoire burkinabè, des recherches ont été menées à Gonsé, village situé dans la périphérie est de Ouagadougou la capitale du Burkina Faso. Les questions soulevées par ces recherches sont notamment la nature des vestiges de la paléo-métallurgie du fer, les dates et leurs liens avec les données existantes. L’étude exclusive des sites métallurgiques qui ont fait l’objet de la recherche se base sur la tradition orale, les écrits et les fouilles archéologiques. En surface, on a la présence de bases de fourneaux, de scories, des restes de tuyères et de fragments de parois. De forme circulaire, le système d’alimentation en air des fourneaux est probablement la ventilation naturelle. Les vestiges ont des caractéristiques proches des traditions techniques KRS 3 (quatorzième à seizième siècles ap. J.-C.) de Korsimoro (Sanmatenga) et B3 (seizième à vingtième siècles ap. J.-C.) du Bam. La fouille des bases de fourneaux (F1 et F3) de l’atelier 1 permet de dire que le principal matériau de construction est la motte d’argile. Le fourneau 1 est daté entre les troisième et le cinquième siècle ap. J.-C. tandis que le F3 est daté entre le cinquième et le sixième siècle.ABSTRACTIn Burkina Faso, the mapping of iron metallurgy by Jean-Baptiste Kiethega makes it possible to identify four metallurgical provinces. Gonsé, located in the centre of the country, is part of the large metallurgical province of Boose characterised by a diversity of techniques and types of furnaces. To improve understanding of these activities and obtain complete coverage of the Burkinabe territory, fieldwork was carried out in Gonsé, a village located in the eastern outskirts of Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso. Drawing on a combination of archaeological excavation, oral tradition and historical sources, the questions raised by this research concern the nature of the vestiges of iron metallurgy found there, their dates and their links with existing data. Ironworking is evidenced on the surface by the presence of furnace bases, slags, the remains of nozzles and fragments of furnace walls. Circular in shape, the air supply system for the stoves probably took the form of natural ventilation. The remains have characteristics close to the technical traditions known as KRS 3 (fourteenth to sixteenth centuries AD) from Korsimoro (Sanmatenga) and B3 (sixteenth to twentieth centuries AD) from Bam. Excavation of the furnace bases (F1 and F3) at workshop 1 shows that the main construction material used was clay. Furnace 1 is dated between the third and fifth centuries AD while F3 dates to between the fifth and sixth centu","PeriodicalId":243659,"journal":{"name":"Azania:archaeological Research in Africa","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135883022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.1080/0067270x.2023.2265223
Vincent Francigny
{"title":"Early Makuria Research Project. El-Zuma Cemetery <b>Early Makuria Research Project. El-Zuma Cemetery</b> , by M. El-Tayeb and E. Czyźewska-Zalewska (eds.). Leiden, Brill, Harvard Egyptological Studies 13, 2020, 3 volumes, 859 pp., €152.00, ISBN 9789004433748 (hardback), also available as an e-book (ISBN 978-90-04-43375-5).","authors":"Vincent Francigny","doi":"10.1080/0067270x.2023.2265223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0067270x.2023.2265223","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":243659,"journal":{"name":"Azania:archaeological Research in Africa","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135351921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.1080/0067270x.2023.2260667
Bolaji Josephine Owoseni
"The settlement of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria: an archaeological and ethnohistorical investigation." Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), p. 1
“尼日利亚夸拉州伊洛林定居点:考古和民族历史调查。”《阿扎尼亚:非洲考古研究》，第1页
{"title":"The settlement of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria: an archaeological and ethnohistorical investigation <b>The settlement of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria: an archaeological and ethnohistorical investigation</b> , University of East Anglia, 2023","authors":"Bolaji Josephine Owoseni","doi":"10.1080/0067270x.2023.2260667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0067270x.2023.2260667","url":null,"abstract":"\"The settlement of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria: an archaeological and ethnohistorical investigation.\" Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), p. 1","PeriodicalId":243659,"journal":{"name":"Azania:archaeological Research in Africa","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135481787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1080/0067270x.2023.2260150
Michaela Ecker, Chris Green, Abenicia Henderson, Inèz Faul, Phillip Segadika, Sarah Mothulatshipi
The importance of the arid interior of southern Africa for human evolution has come into focus in recent years. However, the current distribution of archaeological sites is limited to the southern margin of the Kalahari sediments in South Africa and to the northern part of Botswana. Surface scatters of archaeological artefacts in other parts of the Kalahari have not been studied systematically despite their potential to test human adaptation to marginal environments in the past. We developed a mobile Geographical Information System (GIS) set-up that allows us to record the archaeological potential of Botswana’s southwestern Kgalagadi district in a rapid and standardised manner. This paper describes five archaeological sites identified through our survey in the wider area around the town of Tsabong. Four of these sites, as well as the majority of identified surface archaeology, belong to the Middle Stone Age based on a first assessment of their lithic typology. A pattern is emerging of particular concentration of these sites on or near quartzite outcrops that are located next to pans. Additionally, six test pits confirmed the high potential for further archaeological investigations in this area using a landscape approach.
{"title":"Archaeological survey near Tsabong, Kgalagadi District, southwestern Botswana","authors":"Michaela Ecker, Chris Green, Abenicia Henderson, Inèz Faul, Phillip Segadika, Sarah Mothulatshipi","doi":"10.1080/0067270x.2023.2260150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0067270x.2023.2260150","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of the arid interior of southern Africa for human evolution has come into focus in recent years. However, the current distribution of archaeological sites is limited to the southern margin of the Kalahari sediments in South Africa and to the northern part of Botswana. Surface scatters of archaeological artefacts in other parts of the Kalahari have not been studied systematically despite their potential to test human adaptation to marginal environments in the past. We developed a mobile Geographical Information System (GIS) set-up that allows us to record the archaeological potential of Botswana’s southwestern Kgalagadi district in a rapid and standardised manner. This paper describes five archaeological sites identified through our survey in the wider area around the town of Tsabong. Four of these sites, as well as the majority of identified surface archaeology, belong to the Middle Stone Age based on a first assessment of their lithic typology. A pattern is emerging of particular concentration of these sites on or near quartzite outcrops that are located next to pans. Additionally, six test pits confirmed the high potential for further archaeological investigations in this area using a landscape approach.","PeriodicalId":243659,"journal":{"name":"Azania:archaeological Research in Africa","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135199843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.1080/0067270x.2023.2259751
Steven Goldstein, Kaedan O’Brien, Andrew Adum, John Mwangi
ABSTRACT Early archaeological investigations of the Uasin Gishu Plateau of west-central Kenya highlighted its potential importance as a geographic link between the Central Rift, the Lake Victoria Basin and the western Kenyan highlands from the Middle Stone Age to the Pastoral Neolithic and Iron Age periods. Despite this, the region has seen little focused research in recent decades. Here, we report on archaeological research at the site of Kapsoo Rockshelter, Chebinyiny Hill (GmJf1), near Moiben on the northern end of the Uasin Gishu Plateau. We combine data from original fieldwork in 1982 with renewed test excavations at Kapsoo carried out in 2022. Results of lithic, faunal and material analyses combined with radiocarbon dating reflect occupation of the northern plateau from the late Pleistocene to the late Holocene and provide the first radiometric dates for the presence of mobile herders in this region. Quantitative assessment of the rich lithic record at the site identifies significant technological change over time, providing a description of the regional Later Stone Age sequence. Finally, we present hypotheses for the relationship between Kapsoo and the nearby undated sequence at Muringa, as well as how these records fit into broader patterns of economic change across southwestern Kenya.
摘要:对肯尼亚中西部瓦辛吉苏高原的早期考古调查强调了它在中石器时代到新石器时代和铁器时代作为连接中央裂谷、维多利亚湖盆地和肯尼亚西部高地的地理纽带的潜在重要性。尽管如此，近几十年来，该地区几乎没有集中的研究。在此，我们报道了在瓦辛吉舒高原北端莫本县附近的Chebinyiny山(GmJf1) Kapsoo Rockshelter遗址的考古研究。我们将1982年原始野外工作的数据与2022年在Kapsoo进行的新测试挖掘相结合。岩屑、动物和物质分析结果结合放射性碳测年反映了晚更新世至晚全新世北部高原的活动，并提供了该地区移动牧民存在的第一个放射性测年。对该遗址丰富的岩石记录的定量评估表明，随着时间的推移，技术发生了重大变化，提供了该地区晚石器时代序列的描述。最后，我们提出了Kapsoo与附近穆林加(Muringa)未确定年代序列之间关系的假设，以及这些记录如何适应肯尼亚西南部更广泛的经济变化模式。RÉSUMÉLes premioreres研究肯尼亚中西部瓦辛吉苏高原地区的<s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1>通讯通讯系统的<s:1> <s:1>通讯通讯系统的重要潜力区域的<s:1> <s:1> <s:1>通讯系统的重要潜力区域的<s:1> <s:1> <s:1>通讯系统的重要潜力区域的重要潜力区域，肯尼亚西部盆地的重要潜力区域的重要潜力区域的重要潜力区域，Âge中石器时代的Pierre moyen地区的<s:1> <s:1> <s:1>通讯系统的<s:1> <s:1>通讯系统的重要区域的<s:1> <s:1>通讯系统的重要区域的<s:1> <s:1>通讯系统的重要区域的<s:1> <s:1>通讯系统的重要区域。malgraise, la racei和conu peu的研究表明，cacei和cacei的研究过程都与cacei有关。1 .在Kapsoo Rockshelter站点、Chebinyiny Hill (gmj1)、Moiben站点和unasin Gishu高原北部的其他区域，完成了对原始<s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> - - - - - - - -的研究。Nous将1982年开始的les donunes des travaux de terrain和2022年开始的les nouvelles fouilles合并为les donunes des travaux de terrain。该方法分析了不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的。L' samuquence定量des riches archives lithiques du site确定了技术的变化，这些变化是重要的文件，公开描述了la ssamuquence racrigionale de L' Âge de Pierre racimente(后石器时代)。最后，在肯尼亚西部，已知的交换交换条件下的交换交换条件下的交换交换条件下的交换交换条件下的交换交换条件下的交换交换条件下的交换交换条件下的交换交换条件下的交换交换条件下的交换交换条件下的交换交换条件下的交换交换条件下的交换交换条件下的交换交换条件。关键词:肯尼亚后石器时代畜禽新石器时代分析采集者致谢如果没有Phillip Pochon在Kapsoo Rockshelter进行的原始挖掘，本研究是不可能完成的。我们非常感谢Pochon先生的支持，他慷慨地为我们提供了早期调查和发掘的细节，帮助我们重建了1982年发掘和地层学的各个方面。我们还要感谢现在的土地所有者，Moiben的Arap Lemek先生，他允许进行这次实地调查，并分享了近几十年来场地使用的细节，以及Lemek, Kapkures和Chebni家族在测试挖掘期间的帮助和支持。Moiben酋长办公室和wasin Gishu县专员办公室的支持对我们能够开展这里报道的实地工作至关重要，我们感谢他们帮助我们在该地区开展研究。本项目根据NACOSTI研究许可(NACOSTI/P/22/16919, Ref. no. 5)进行。139278，给S. Goldstein，由马克斯·普朗克进化人类学研究所资助。我们非常感谢两位匿名审稿人的评论，他们极大地改进了本文。作者对任何错误负责。steven Goldstein(圣路易斯华盛顿大学博士，2017年)是匹兹堡大学人类学系的助理教授，研究过去12000年来非洲东部和东南部食物系统、流动性、气候变化和技术之间的长期关系。他是肯尼亚南部和赞比亚正在进行的实地项目的负责人，该项目评估与流动畜牧业的传播、农业的起源以及全新世狩猎采集者对环境压力的反应有关的问题。Kaedan O 'Brien是犹他大学人类学系的博士候选人。 他利用哺乳动物化石和稳定的碳、氮、氧和锶同位素重建第四纪哺乳动物群落结构、古环境、季节性和迁移，并将其应用于人类进化和行为变化。他的主要区域重点是肯尼亚的维多利亚和图尔卡纳盆地，并对肯尼亚南部、南非和北美西部进行了额外的研究。Andrew Adum是内罗毕肯雅塔大学教育(艺术)学士学位的四年级学生，主修历史和宗教教育，也是肯尼亚国家博物馆考古部门的实习生。他曾在肯尼亚的奈瓦沙、乌塞恩吉舒和纳罗克等地从事过几个考古和古生物实地考察项目。John Mwangi是肯尼亚国家博物馆考古部门的一名技术人员。他管理藏品，在现场工作，是一名遗产解释者。他的职业生涯始于中部大裂谷的Kariandusi，并在肯尼亚图尔卡纳的Koobi Fora野外学校(KFFS)工作了十年。
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Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/0067270x.2023.2182556
Judy Sterner, Diane Lyons, Scott MacEachern
{"title":"Nicholas David (1937–2023)","authors":"Judy Sterner, Diane Lyons, Scott MacEachern","doi":"10.1080/0067270x.2023.2182556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0067270x.2023.2182556","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":243659,"journal":{"name":"Azania:archaeological Research in Africa","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135754985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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