Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604519
A. Al-Dhaher, E.A. Farsi, D. Mackesy
Architecture for multisensor data fusion based on adaptive Kalman filter is described. The architecture uses several sensors that measure same quantity and each is fed to Kalman filter. For each Kalman filter a correlation coefficient between the measured data and predicted output was used as an indication of the quality of the performance of the Kalman filter. Based on the values of the correlation coefficient an adjustment to the measurement noise covariance matrix (R) was made using fuzzy logic technique. Predicted outputs obtained from Kalman filters were fused together based on weighting coefficient, which was also obtained from the correlation coefficient. Results of fusing data of several sensors showed better results than using individual sensor. Matrix-matrix multiplication using FPGA also presented
{"title":"Data Fusion Architecture - An FPGA Implementation","authors":"A. Al-Dhaher, E.A. Farsi, D. Mackesy","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604519","url":null,"abstract":"Architecture for multisensor data fusion based on adaptive Kalman filter is described. The architecture uses several sensors that measure same quantity and each is fed to Kalman filter. For each Kalman filter a correlation coefficient between the measured data and predicted output was used as an indication of the quality of the performance of the Kalman filter. Based on the values of the correlation coefficient an adjustment to the measurement noise covariance matrix (R) was made using fuzzy logic technique. Predicted outputs obtained from Kalman filters were fused together based on weighting coefficient, which was also obtained from the correlation coefficient. Results of fusing data of several sensors showed better results than using individual sensor. Matrix-matrix multiplication using FPGA also presented","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124687326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604083
P. Ajemba, N. Durdle, D. Hill, V. Raso
This paper describes a low-cost torso imaging system for quantifying the deformity associated with scoliosis. The system consists of image-capture and image-analysis components. The image capture component obtains full-torso scans using a rotating positioning platform and one or two surface digitizers. The image-analysis component monitors changes in torso shape. Results of system calibration and error analysis (accuracy of reproduction based on tests on inanimate objects and human subjects) show that the system can be used to track changes caused by the deformity associated with scoliosis
{"title":"A Torso Imaging System for Quantifying the Deformity Associated with Scoliosis","authors":"P. Ajemba, N. Durdle, D. Hill, V. Raso","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604083","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a low-cost torso imaging system for quantifying the deformity associated with scoliosis. The system consists of image-capture and image-analysis components. The image capture component obtains full-torso scans using a rotating positioning platform and one or two surface digitizers. The image-analysis component monitors changes in torso shape. Results of system calibration and error analysis (accuracy of reproduction based on tests on inanimate objects and human subjects) show that the system can be used to track changes caused by the deformity associated with scoliosis","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129681470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604245
R. Kochan, V. Kochan, A. Sachenko, I. Maykiv, I. Turchenko, G. Markowsky
This paper presents the development of a network capable application processor (NCAP) compatible with the IEEE1451 standard. Its features are an online, remote, real-time reprogramming mode and support of high-speed interfaces. The high-speed interfaces are implemented using a FPGA (field-programmable gate array). A novel design using a configuration controller and a FPGA provides robust interfaces and efficient FPGA usage. This paper also describes how our NCAP prototype can be used in an intelligent security system
{"title":"Network Capable Application Processor Based on a FPGA","authors":"R. Kochan, V. Kochan, A. Sachenko, I. Maykiv, I. Turchenko, G. Markowsky","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604245","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the development of a network capable application processor (NCAP) compatible with the IEEE1451 standard. Its features are an online, remote, real-time reprogramming mode and support of high-speed interfaces. The high-speed interfaces are implemented using a FPGA (field-programmable gate array). A novel design using a configuration controller and a FPGA provides robust interfaces and efficient FPGA usage. This paper also describes how our NCAP prototype can be used in an intelligent security system","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"106 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130646546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/imtc.2005.1604439
J. Blair
A method is presented and analyzed for determining the impulse response and frequency response of a system using an asymmetrical stimulus signal. The considered signal is a pulse with a rapid first transition, followed by a nearly constant region followed by a second transition that is much slower than the first. The advantage of such a signal is that, unlike a symmetric pulse, its Fourier transform has no zeros. This allows one to divide by the Fourier transform in the data analysis. It is shown that such a pulse retains the advantages of using an impulse-like or step-like stimulus. Error estimates similar to those previously published for impulse-like and step-like stimuli are given for the asymmetric stimulus
{"title":"Determining Frequency and Impulse Response Using Asymmetrical Pulses","authors":"J. Blair","doi":"10.1109/imtc.2005.1604439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imtc.2005.1604439","url":null,"abstract":"A method is presented and analyzed for determining the impulse response and frequency response of a system using an asymmetrical stimulus signal. The considered signal is a pulse with a rapid first transition, followed by a nearly constant region followed by a second transition that is much slower than the first. The advantage of such a signal is that, unlike a symmetric pulse, its Fourier transform has no zeros. This allows one to divide by the Fourier transform in the data analysis. It is shown that such a pulse retains the advantages of using an impulse-like or step-like stimulus. Error estimates similar to those previously published for impulse-like and step-like stimuli are given for the asymmetric stimulus","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123827105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604329
M. Valledor, J. Campo, F. Ferrero, J. Viera, María Verónica González, C. Blanco, J.M. Costa, I. Sanchez, A. Sanz-Medel
A great variety of methods for oxygen sensing using luminescent sensors have been proposed in recent years based on intensity or in lifetime quenching. Like lifetime measurements, ratiometric techniques are insensitive to the variations of the excitation light, optical path and photo-bleaching. In this work, we present a ratiometric method based on the phosphorescence-fluorescence spectral overlap emission of a phosphorescent chemical sensor. This dual emission makes ratiometric measurements possible without need of adding a reference luminophore. The ratio is calculated by measuring the phase shift between the excitation and the emission signal at two different frequencies. Theoretical aspects of the proposed methodology and the design and construction of a fiber-optical measuring system are discussed. Finally, the performance of the proposed measurement method has been assessed using the metal chelate Al-Ferron immobilized in an inorganic sol-gel support (an oxygen indicator which displays a strong fluorescence emission overlapping significantly with the measured phosphorescence emission)
{"title":"A Ratiometric Method for Oxygen Measurement Using a Luminescent Sensor","authors":"M. Valledor, J. Campo, F. Ferrero, J. Viera, María Verónica González, C. Blanco, J.M. Costa, I. Sanchez, A. Sanz-Medel","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604329","url":null,"abstract":"A great variety of methods for oxygen sensing using luminescent sensors have been proposed in recent years based on intensity or in lifetime quenching. Like lifetime measurements, ratiometric techniques are insensitive to the variations of the excitation light, optical path and photo-bleaching. In this work, we present a ratiometric method based on the phosphorescence-fluorescence spectral overlap emission of a phosphorescent chemical sensor. This dual emission makes ratiometric measurements possible without need of adding a reference luminophore. The ratio is calculated by measuring the phase shift between the excitation and the emission signal at two different frequencies. Theoretical aspects of the proposed methodology and the design and construction of a fiber-optical measuring system are discussed. Finally, the performance of the proposed measurement method has been assessed using the metal chelate Al-Ferron immobilized in an inorganic sol-gel support (an oxygen indicator which displays a strong fluorescence emission overlapping significantly with the measured phosphorescence emission)","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124214806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604447
R. Higuti, B. S. Galindo, L. Marcal, C. Kitano, F. Buiochi, J. Adamowski
Temperature plays an important role in any sensor device, because it can affect sensor properties, limiting its accuracy and operation range. At constant temperature, ultrasonic density sensors can reach accuracies of 0.1%. However, temperature fluctuations are expected to exist in an industrial plant, and sensor performance must be studied in the presence of temperature gradients. Each sensor geometry and construction can give rise to different behaviors under temperature gradients, limiting the possible accuracy in density measurements. In this work, an ultrasonic density measurement cell is experimentally characterized and its performance in the presence of temperature gradients is studied in the 15 to 40degC temperature range for several liquids. The propagation velocity can be measured with high accuracy (0.07 %) in a range of temperatures as long as the sample chamber length is corrected. The cell was tested with distilled water, alcohol and other liquids, showing 0.2 % accuracy in density measurement for stabilized temperature and 0.4 % under thermal gradient conditions
{"title":"Thermal Characterization of an Ultrasonic Measurement Cell","authors":"R. Higuti, B. S. Galindo, L. Marcal, C. Kitano, F. Buiochi, J. Adamowski","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604447","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature plays an important role in any sensor device, because it can affect sensor properties, limiting its accuracy and operation range. At constant temperature, ultrasonic density sensors can reach accuracies of 0.1%. However, temperature fluctuations are expected to exist in an industrial plant, and sensor performance must be studied in the presence of temperature gradients. Each sensor geometry and construction can give rise to different behaviors under temperature gradients, limiting the possible accuracy in density measurements. In this work, an ultrasonic density measurement cell is experimentally characterized and its performance in the presence of temperature gradients is studied in the 15 to 40degC temperature range for several liquids. The propagation velocity can be measured with high accuracy (0.07 %) in a range of temperatures as long as the sample chamber length is corrected. The cell was tested with distilled water, alcohol and other liquids, showing 0.2 % accuracy in density measurement for stabilized temperature and 0.4 % under thermal gradient conditions","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"356 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116468998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604100
S. Santhi, S. Jayalalitha, V. Jayashankar, V.J. Kumar
Transformers are required to demonstrate the ability to withstand short circuit currents. Over currents due to short circuit can cause winding deformation. A new method of testing and analyzing winding deformation online without untanking is presented in this paper. A study of alternate excitations to detect winding deformation is made. A comparison of Fourier transform and Wigner-Ville distribution methods of analysis is carried out
{"title":"Detection of Winding Deformations During Short Time Current Tests","authors":"S. Santhi, S. Jayalalitha, V. Jayashankar, V.J. Kumar","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604100","url":null,"abstract":"Transformers are required to demonstrate the ability to withstand short circuit currents. Over currents due to short circuit can cause winding deformation. A new method of testing and analyzing winding deformation online without untanking is presented in this paper. A study of alternate excitations to detect winding deformation is made. A comparison of Fourier transform and Wigner-Ville distribution methods of analysis is carried out","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121469906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604352
Kam Chee Chook, A. H. Tan, W. Siew, W. Tan
In this paper, a theoretical solution for optimizing the parameters of a static nonlinear compensator for first order bilinear systems is proposed. This is compared with the compensator optimized through perturbation using a maximum length ternary signal. It was found that both methods give parameters that are close to one another. However, the theoretical method offers the advantages that it is more computationally efficient and less time consuming. The solution is also unaffected by the choice of design points and optimization algorithm used. The compensator design is applied on an electrical tube furnace which is shown to behave as a first order bilinear system
{"title":"Static Nonlinear Compensator Design for Bilinear Systems with an Application on a Furnace","authors":"Kam Chee Chook, A. H. Tan, W. Siew, W. Tan","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604352","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a theoretical solution for optimizing the parameters of a static nonlinear compensator for first order bilinear systems is proposed. This is compared with the compensator optimized through perturbation using a maximum length ternary signal. It was found that both methods give parameters that are close to one another. However, the theoretical method offers the advantages that it is more computationally efficient and less time consuming. The solution is also unaffected by the choice of design points and optimization algorithm used. The compensator design is applied on an electrical tube furnace which is shown to behave as a first order bilinear system","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"366 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114781088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604343
D. Grimaldi, S. Rapuano, T. Laopoulos
Nowadays the multimedia tools have an important role in both the management of the lectures and the organization of the course program on instrumentation and measurement. In this new scenario, the virtual laboratory (VL) represents the environment in which the learning activities are performed. Starting from this observation, in the paper an overview of the state of the art of the VL-based education on instrumentation and measurement is given. The fundamental aspects concerning both the software and the hardware to design the VL are examined. Attention it is also devoted to innovative requirements and interesting open questions arising from the large diffusion of the VLs
{"title":"Aspects of Traditional versus Virtual Laboratory for Education in Instrumentation and Measurement","authors":"D. Grimaldi, S. Rapuano, T. Laopoulos","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604343","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays the multimedia tools have an important role in both the management of the lectures and the organization of the course program on instrumentation and measurement. In this new scenario, the virtual laboratory (VL) represents the environment in which the learning activities are performed. Starting from this observation, in the paper an overview of the state of the art of the VL-based education on instrumentation and measurement is given. The fundamental aspects concerning both the software and the hardware to design the VL are examined. Attention it is also devoted to innovative requirements and interesting open questions arising from the large diffusion of the VLs","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114813682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604498
S. Ranvier, J. Kivinen, P. Vainikainen
Nowadays the need for high-data-rate-communication channels is increasing and will ineluctably continue to increase in the future. From a theoretical point of view, MIMO (multiple input multiple output) approach seems to be one of the best solutions to provide such a high capacity. This paper presents a mm-wave MIMO channel measurement system developed in the Radio Laboratory of Helsinki University of Technology. The system is based on virtual antenna arrays: the antenna arrays are obtained by two 2D scanners which shift a single transmit antenna and a single receive antenna. Measurements in LOS (line of sight) and NLOS (non line of sight) are reported, from what the MIMO channel capacity is calculated and the DOD (direction of departure) and DOA (direction of arrival) are estimated
{"title":"Development of a 60 GHz MIMO Radio Channel Measurement System","authors":"S. Ranvier, J. Kivinen, P. Vainikainen","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604498","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays the need for high-data-rate-communication channels is increasing and will ineluctably continue to increase in the future. From a theoretical point of view, MIMO (multiple input multiple output) approach seems to be one of the best solutions to provide such a high capacity. This paper presents a mm-wave MIMO channel measurement system developed in the Radio Laboratory of Helsinki University of Technology. The system is based on virtual antenna arrays: the antenna arrays are obtained by two 2D scanners which shift a single transmit antenna and a single receive antenna. Measurements in LOS (line of sight) and NLOS (non line of sight) are reported, from what the MIMO channel capacity is calculated and the DOD (direction of departure) and DOA (direction of arrival) are estimated","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114849007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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