Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604290
B. Waltrip, S. Avramov-Zamurovic, A. Koffman
This paper describes a new inductance measurement system based on a commercially available LCR meter, a commercially available audio frequency capacitance bridge, 4 terminal-pair (4TP) capacitance and resistance standards, and a multi-stage, programmable-ratio, current transformer. The described measurement system synthesizes equivalent inductance values using the current transformer to combine the applied currents through programmable resistance and capacitance standards. The system takes advantage of the inherent measurement linearity of the LCR meter, and achieves acceptable inductance measurement uncertainty over the 50 Hz to 20 kHz frequency range
{"title":"Inductance Measurement Using an LCR Meter and a Current Transformer Interface","authors":"B. Waltrip, S. Avramov-Zamurovic, A. Koffman","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604290","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a new inductance measurement system based on a commercially available LCR meter, a commercially available audio frequency capacitance bridge, 4 terminal-pair (4TP) capacitance and resistance standards, and a multi-stage, programmable-ratio, current transformer. The described measurement system synthesizes equivalent inductance values using the current transformer to combine the applied currents through programmable resistance and capacitance standards. The system takes advantage of the inherent measurement linearity of the LCR meter, and achieves acceptable inductance measurement uncertainty over the 50 Hz to 20 kHz frequency range","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127111729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604390
Xiaotao Wang, Yi Shen, Zhi-yan Liu, Qiang Wang, Ping He
Color flow imaging plays a major role in the diagnosis of many vascular diseases, especially cardiovascular disease. A novel scheme is proposed to suppress velocity ambiguity induced by the narrowband estimators based on the two-dimensional correlation function model by incorporating with the wideband velocity estimation techniques. The basic idea is that the velocity is first estimated by narrowband estimator based on the two-dimensional correlation function model, and then a group of velocity candidates are formed. From these candidates, the wideband estimators search the true velocity. This scheme is tested by a two-dimensional correlation estimator incorporating with the butterfly search estimation method. Simulation results have shown that this scheme is an effective tool to suppress velocity ambiguity
{"title":"A Novel Scheme for Suppressing Velocity Ambiguity in Narrowband Blood Flow Velocity Estimation","authors":"Xiaotao Wang, Yi Shen, Zhi-yan Liu, Qiang Wang, Ping He","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604390","url":null,"abstract":"Color flow imaging plays a major role in the diagnosis of many vascular diseases, especially cardiovascular disease. A novel scheme is proposed to suppress velocity ambiguity induced by the narrowband estimators based on the two-dimensional correlation function model by incorporating with the wideband velocity estimation techniques. The basic idea is that the velocity is first estimated by narrowband estimator based on the two-dimensional correlation function model, and then a group of velocity candidates are formed. From these candidates, the wideband estimators search the true velocity. This scheme is tested by a two-dimensional correlation estimator incorporating with the butterfly search estimation method. Simulation results have shown that this scheme is an effective tool to suppress velocity ambiguity","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127163975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604397
Lidai Wang, Shen-Shu Xiong, Zhaoying Zhou, Qiang Wei, J. Lan
In this paper we introduce a novel attitude measurement algorithm that gives the Euler angles based on MEMS sensors including three rate gyros, three magnetometers and one accelerometer. Six elements of the direction cosine matrix are selected to compose a state vector. Only four elements are independent, because there exists two nonlinear constraints. They are introduced as virtual measurements in the Kalman filter. The filter can be improved by introducing heading differential speed signal. Bias of simulation results indicates that the Euler angles can be determined with standard deviations at 1-3 degree even during high dynamic maneuvers and long turns. Flight tests have been carried out in a miniature UAV, the Euler angles' in which the method is proved to be valid in high dynamic maneuver
{"title":"Constrained Filtering Method for MAV Attitude Determination","authors":"Lidai Wang, Shen-Shu Xiong, Zhaoying Zhou, Qiang Wei, J. Lan","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604397","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we introduce a novel attitude measurement algorithm that gives the Euler angles based on MEMS sensors including three rate gyros, three magnetometers and one accelerometer. Six elements of the direction cosine matrix are selected to compose a state vector. Only four elements are independent, because there exists two nonlinear constraints. They are introduced as virtual measurements in the Kalman filter. The filter can be improved by introducing heading differential speed signal. Bias of simulation results indicates that the Euler angles can be determined with standard deviations at 1-3 degree even during high dynamic maneuvers and long turns. Flight tests have been carried out in a miniature UAV, the Euler angles' in which the method is proved to be valid in high dynamic maneuver","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127205768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604175
V. D. Aksenenko, S.I. Matveyev
Digital angle sensors built on multipole resolvers and angle-to-digital converters have found a wide application in mission-critical systems operating in severe environment and determine their accuracy and efficiency to a significant extent. A method for self-calibration of digital angle sensors based on integration of two conversion channels with the errors of different spectrums is suggested. Two approaches specially intended to increase the accuracy of self-calibration for the case of high initial errors of the channels are discussed. The results of the simulation and experiment are presented
{"title":"Digital Angle Sensor Self-Calibration: Two Approaches to Accuracy Increasing","authors":"V. D. Aksenenko, S.I. Matveyev","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604175","url":null,"abstract":"Digital angle sensors built on multipole resolvers and angle-to-digital converters have found a wide application in mission-critical systems operating in severe environment and determine their accuracy and efficiency to a significant extent. A method for self-calibration of digital angle sensors based on integration of two conversion channels with the errors of different spectrums is suggested. Two approaches specially intended to increase the accuracy of self-calibration for the case of high initial errors of the channels are discussed. The results of the simulation and experiment are presented","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115042856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604358
H. Ishida, M. Taniguchi, T. Takagi
Newly discovered nonluminous (dark) bridge was precisely produced and measured its size by microscopic means. Palladium (Pd) was tested as a typical contact material. The contacts separating system was constructed by using 1 (m) long steel cantilever system. The experiments were carried out with very slow opening speed and observed the bridge growing process with the microscope. The contacts were set at the bottom side of the cantilever and controlled its moving speed (contacts separating speed) by pushing the top of the cantilever, that can reduce the displacement scale with any reduction ratio but we chose it by one-thirtieth (1/30) and we reached the separation speed of 0.05 mum/s that was enough to maintain the thermal equilibrium condition. Both the bridge voltage and the displacement of electrode were monitored and recorded. The microscopic images of the bridge were stored in the computer, from which the size of the bridge was measured for each image and plotted on a graph showing the relationship between bridge length and diameter. The results showed that enough correspond to the theoretical estimation formerly presented by the authors
{"title":"Precise Measurement of Dark Bridge between Micro-gap Electrical Contacts in a State of Thermal Equilibrium Condition","authors":"H. Ishida, M. Taniguchi, T. Takagi","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604358","url":null,"abstract":"Newly discovered nonluminous (dark) bridge was precisely produced and measured its size by microscopic means. Palladium (Pd) was tested as a typical contact material. The contacts separating system was constructed by using 1 (m) long steel cantilever system. The experiments were carried out with very slow opening speed and observed the bridge growing process with the microscope. The contacts were set at the bottom side of the cantilever and controlled its moving speed (contacts separating speed) by pushing the top of the cantilever, that can reduce the displacement scale with any reduction ratio but we chose it by one-thirtieth (1/30) and we reached the separation speed of 0.05 mum/s that was enough to maintain the thermal equilibrium condition. Both the bridge voltage and the displacement of electrode were monitored and recorded. The microscopic images of the bridge were stored in the computer, from which the size of the bridge was measured for each image and plotted on a graph showing the relationship between bridge length and diameter. The results showed that enough correspond to the theoretical estimation formerly presented by the authors","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115065433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604259
Liang-yu Lei, Xiao-jun Zhou, M. Pan
This paper describes an automated visual inspection system for the size measurement of workpieces, widely applicable to industrial on-line and real-time products inspection such as bearing, gear and so on. The systematic makeup, basis demands and CCD-based size measurement principle is introduced. To increase the efficiency and effect of pre-processing image, take a bearing as an example, fast algorithm for 2-D median filter is advanced and investigated. Also, based on the fundamental theory of the wavelet transform, an edge detection method is successfully used in the feature extraction of a bearing image. Finally, with the studied automated visual inspection system, the out-diameter of a bearing is inspected and analyzed. The result meets demands and shows the system has a broad applied foreground
{"title":"Automated Vision Inspection System for the Size Measurement of Workpieces","authors":"Liang-yu Lei, Xiao-jun Zhou, M. Pan","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604259","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an automated visual inspection system for the size measurement of workpieces, widely applicable to industrial on-line and real-time products inspection such as bearing, gear and so on. The systematic makeup, basis demands and CCD-based size measurement principle is introduced. To increase the efficiency and effect of pre-processing image, take a bearing as an example, fast algorithm for 2-D median filter is advanced and investigated. Also, based on the fundamental theory of the wavelet transform, an edge detection method is successfully used in the feature extraction of a bearing image. Finally, with the studied automated visual inspection system, the out-diameter of a bearing is inspected and analyzed. The result meets demands and shows the system has a broad applied foreground","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116028230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604469
Zhihua Feng, Rilong Liu, Dengfeng Yang, F. Kong
Generally the lock-in amplifier (LIA) can be used to detect very weak signal. This is based on the fact that any signal with a different frequency from that of the LIA's reference signal will result in zero output. However, if the signal is measured by a sensor with some nonlinearity, the LIA indeed yields some mixed output that comes from the correlation between the measured signal and reference signal. This paper presents a theoretical analysis on the output of LIA. Furthermore, based on analysis results, a curve fitting method of measuring the sensor's dynamic and tiny nonlinearity is provided. Experimental results verify that it is a useful measurement method when the accuracy is focused on
{"title":"Influence Analysis of Sensor's Nonlinearity on Output of Lock-in Amplifier","authors":"Zhihua Feng, Rilong Liu, Dengfeng Yang, F. Kong","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604469","url":null,"abstract":"Generally the lock-in amplifier (LIA) can be used to detect very weak signal. This is based on the fact that any signal with a different frequency from that of the LIA's reference signal will result in zero output. However, if the signal is measured by a sensor with some nonlinearity, the LIA indeed yields some mixed output that comes from the correlation between the measured signal and reference signal. This paper presents a theoretical analysis on the output of LIA. Furthermore, based on analysis results, a curve fitting method of measuring the sensor's dynamic and tiny nonlinearity is provided. Experimental results verify that it is a useful measurement method when the accuracy is focused on","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122376240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604458
C. De Capua, A. Liccardo, R. Morello
In the paper, the authors report the improvements brought to the remote didactical laboratory, a project to which they have been working for the last two years as presented in P. Daponte et al. (2004). The project has risen from the need to reduce laboratory load, due to the increasing number of undergraduates in Italian University; successively, jointly with the realization of an e-Learning portal for Electric and Electronic Measurement courses, it has represented a way to provide the laboratory experiences to students attending on-line courses. Through the remote laboratory, students are able to execute measurements controlling real instruments, only by means of a common browser. In order to make the laboratory flexible and to grant freedom from software to users, a solution based on Web services, realized in Visual Basic .NET, has been chosen. The recent work has been focuses on the management of connections and queues, for whose aim SQL databases have been involved
{"title":"On the Web Service-Based Remote Didactical Laboratory: Further Developments and Improvements","authors":"C. De Capua, A. Liccardo, R. Morello","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604458","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper, the authors report the improvements brought to the remote didactical laboratory, a project to which they have been working for the last two years as presented in P. Daponte et al. (2004). The project has risen from the need to reduce laboratory load, due to the increasing number of undergraduates in Italian University; successively, jointly with the realization of an e-Learning portal for Electric and Electronic Measurement courses, it has represented a way to provide the laboratory experiences to students attending on-line courses. Through the remote laboratory, students are able to execute measurements controlling real instruments, only by means of a common browser. In order to make the laboratory flexible and to grant freedom from software to users, a solution based on Web services, realized in Visual Basic .NET, has been chosen. The recent work has been focuses on the management of connections and queues, for whose aim SQL databases have been involved","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122925175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604293
G. Plantier, C. Bes, T. Bosch, F. Bony
A semiconductor laser subject to optical moderate feedback can be used to design an interferometric displacement sensor. The auto adaptive signal processing presented in this paper has been computed in order to ameliorate the accuracy of such a sensor. This set-up has been successfully tested for both harmonic and aleatory displacements of a remote piezoelectric actuator. Measurements of displacements up to 10 mum has been achieved with an accuracy of plusmn80 nm
{"title":"Auto Adaptive Signal Processing of a Laser Diode Self-Mixing Displacement Sensor","authors":"G. Plantier, C. Bes, T. Bosch, F. Bony","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604293","url":null,"abstract":"A semiconductor laser subject to optical moderate feedback can be used to design an interferometric displacement sensor. The auto adaptive signal processing presented in this paper has been computed in order to ameliorate the accuracy of such a sensor. This set-up has been successfully tested for both harmonic and aleatory displacements of a remote piezoelectric actuator. Measurements of displacements up to 10 mum has been achieved with an accuracy of plusmn80 nm","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114603815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604505
D. Luca Carnì, D. Grimaldi
The paper deals with a new method for both the phase and the amplitude noise measurement. The method can be used for both sinusoidal signals and single carried digital modulated signals. It is based on the (i) constellation examination in the IQ plane, and (ii) the comparison of the real constellation with the ideal one. In particular, the amplitude noise is evaluated by the module excursion around the ideal symbol, and the phase noise by the angle excursion. It is shown that some advantages of the proposed method are: (i) the number of samples does not affect the measurement error, (ii) the percentage error is reduced if compared with other measurement methods, (hi) the possibility to operate directly on the modulated signal, and (iv) the phase and the amplitude noise shape weakly affects the measurement error. In order to evaluate the method performance several numerical experiments are carried out in different operative conditions
{"title":"Amplitude and Phase Noise Measurement in Single Carrier Digital Modulations","authors":"D. Luca Carnì, D. Grimaldi","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604505","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with a new method for both the phase and the amplitude noise measurement. The method can be used for both sinusoidal signals and single carried digital modulated signals. It is based on the (i) constellation examination in the IQ plane, and (ii) the comparison of the real constellation with the ideal one. In particular, the amplitude noise is evaluated by the module excursion around the ideal symbol, and the phase noise by the angle excursion. It is shown that some advantages of the proposed method are: (i) the number of samples does not affect the measurement error, (ii) the percentage error is reduced if compared with other measurement methods, (hi) the possibility to operate directly on the modulated signal, and (iv) the phase and the amplitude noise shape weakly affects the measurement error. In order to evaluate the method performance several numerical experiments are carried out in different operative conditions","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116825581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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