{"title":"Right Ventricular Function Assessment in Sickle Cell Anaemia Patients Using Echocardiography","authors":"A. Adebiyi","doi":"10.23880/HIJ-16000136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/HIJ-16000136","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":245976,"journal":{"name":"Haematology International Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133268308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Blood transfusion is considered a life-saving procedure but the presence of transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) is a major public health concern. TTIs such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and Treponema pallidum (syphilis) are among the greatest threats to blood safety. In Cameroon, most of the patients remain undiagnosed as they are asymptomatic. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of TTIs and its associated risk factors in blood donors from the Northwest region of Cameroon. Methodology: A retrospective study of blood donors’ records from a rural and urban towns between 2015 to 2017 was reviewed. The data were analyzed using SPSS vs 23.0 and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 4020 (91.5%) blood donors were included in the study. The mean age was 27.8years and the proportion of male was 78.3% (3143). The prevalence of TTIs was 7.3% (292) and showed a significant (P=0.001) decreasing trend from 10.2% to 5.7 %. The prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV and syphilis were 0.7% (27), 1.8% (73) and 1.9% (77) respectively. Except for HCV, all TTIs showed a decreasing trend. From the results, the positive rate of anyone of the TTIs was significantly (p< 0.05) higher among male 8.1% (255), replacement donors 9.1% (240) and those who had attained only basic education 8.5% (91). Co-infection was detected among 0.5% (19) blood donors and the highest prevalence was between HIV and Syphilis 0.15% (6). Independent predictors of anyone of the TTIs were; living in rural towns, males, age group >20 years replacement donors, civil servants, and those who had attained either basic or secondary education. Conclusion: Our data provides important findings that contribute to a better understanding of TTIs epidemiology in Bamenda. Further investigations are needed to assess the prevalence and determinants of these infections in other communities to support the development of effective prevention and control strategies. There is a need for stringent selection of blood donors. High sensitive and specific screening tests such as Nucleic acid testing enzyme immunoassays should be used to diagnose the high-risk donors.
输血被认为是一种挽救生命的方法，但输血传播感染(tti)的存在是一个主要的公共卫生问题。乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)和梅毒螺旋体(梅毒)等tti是对血液安全的最大威胁。在喀麦隆，大多数患者仍未得到诊断，因为他们没有症状。本研究旨在确定喀麦隆西北地区献血者中传播性感染的流行情况及其相关危险因素。方法:对2015年至2017年农村和城镇献血者记录进行回顾性研究。使用SPSS vs . 23.0和p值分析20年替代供者、公务员和接受过基础或中等教育的人的数据。结论:我们的数据提供了重要的发现，有助于更好地了解巴门达地区的tti流行病学。需要进一步调查，以评估其他社区中这些感染的流行情况和决定因素，以支持制定有效的预防和控制战略。有必要严格选择献血者。对高危献血者的诊断应采用核酸检测、酶免疫测定等高灵敏度和特异性筛选试验。
{"title":"Prevalence of Transfusion-Transmissible Infections and Associated Risk Factors among Blood Donors in Bamenda, Cameroon","authors":"A. Le","doi":"10.23880/hij-16000188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/hij-16000188","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Blood transfusion is considered a life-saving procedure but the presence of transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) is a major public health concern. TTIs such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and Treponema pallidum (syphilis) are among the greatest threats to blood safety. In Cameroon, most of the patients remain undiagnosed as they are asymptomatic. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of TTIs and its associated risk factors in blood donors from the Northwest region of Cameroon. Methodology: A retrospective study of blood donors’ records from a rural and urban towns between 2015 to 2017 was reviewed. The data were analyzed using SPSS vs 23.0 and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 4020 (91.5%) blood donors were included in the study. The mean age was 27.8years and the proportion of male was 78.3% (3143). The prevalence of TTIs was 7.3% (292) and showed a significant (P=0.001) decreasing trend from 10.2% to 5.7 %. The prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV and syphilis were 0.7% (27), 1.8% (73) and 1.9% (77) respectively. Except for HCV, all TTIs showed a decreasing trend. From the results, the positive rate of anyone of the TTIs was significantly (p< 0.05) higher among male 8.1% (255), replacement donors 9.1% (240) and those who had attained only basic education 8.5% (91). Co-infection was detected among 0.5% (19) blood donors and the highest prevalence was between HIV and Syphilis 0.15% (6). Independent predictors of anyone of the TTIs were; living in rural towns, males, age group >20 years replacement donors, civil servants, and those who had attained either basic or secondary education. Conclusion: Our data provides important findings that contribute to a better understanding of TTIs epidemiology in Bamenda. Further investigations are needed to assess the prevalence and determinants of these infections in other communities to support the development of effective prevention and control strategies. There is a need for stringent selection of blood donors. High sensitive and specific screening tests such as Nucleic acid testing enzyme immunoassays should be used to diagnose the high-risk donors.","PeriodicalId":245976,"journal":{"name":"Haematology International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134260142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The VACD-Thal Protocol in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma in Abidjan (Côte D’ivoire)","authors":"Packo Dieu-le-Veut Saint-Cyr Sylvestre","doi":"10.23880/hij-16000144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/hij-16000144","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":245976,"journal":{"name":"Haematology International Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115337115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus reduces immune status and diminishes haematological values causing decreased or ineffective haematopoiesis in HIV-infected individuals. Aim: To evaluate haematoimmunological, erythropoietic growth factor and virological status in HIV-patients. Methodology: This study was carried out at Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti. One hundred samples each were collected from HIV positive subjects on ART and ART-naïve, one hundred samples were collected from apparently healthy individuals as control. Six milliliters of whole blood were collected from each subject; 3mls of whole blood was dispensed into K2EDTA bottle for immediate analysis of haematological parameters using haematology analyzer, CD4 and CD8 count were analyzed using flow cytometer. The remaining 3ml of blood was dispensed into plain bottle, serum was extracted for erythropoietin analysis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique and viral load using polymerase chain reaction. Results: Mean values of RBC indices CD4, CD4/CD8, EPO, TWBC and LYM among ART-naïve were significantly lower (p<0.05) compared to ART and control subjects. Mean values of CD8, VL, NEU, MONO, EOSIN and BASO in ART-naïve were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to ART and control subjects. Conclusion: HIV infection suppresses erythropoietic growth factor, haematoimmunological, and virological parameters as observed in the study. However, there is an improvement in HIV subjects on ART compared with ART-naïve, this suggested that there is positive response to antiretroviral therapy in HIV patients.
{"title":"Evaluation of Haematoimmunological, Erythropoietic Growth Factor and Virological Status in HIV-Patients","authors":"E. J.","doi":"10.23880/hij-16000193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/hij-16000193","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus reduces immune status and diminishes haematological values causing decreased or ineffective haematopoiesis in HIV-infected individuals. Aim: To evaluate haematoimmunological, erythropoietic growth factor and virological status in HIV-patients. Methodology: This study was carried out at Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti. One hundred samples each were collected from HIV positive subjects on ART and ART-naïve, one hundred samples were collected from apparently healthy individuals as control. Six milliliters of whole blood were collected from each subject; 3mls of whole blood was dispensed into K2EDTA bottle for immediate analysis of haematological parameters using haematology analyzer, CD4 and CD8 count were analyzed using flow cytometer. The remaining 3ml of blood was dispensed into plain bottle, serum was extracted for erythropoietin analysis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique and viral load using polymerase chain reaction. Results: Mean values of RBC indices CD4, CD4/CD8, EPO, TWBC and LYM among ART-naïve were significantly lower (p<0.05) compared to ART and control subjects. Mean values of CD8, VL, NEU, MONO, EOSIN and BASO in ART-naïve were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to ART and control subjects. Conclusion: HIV infection suppresses erythropoietic growth factor, haematoimmunological, and virological parameters as observed in the study. However, there is an improvement in HIV subjects on ART compared with ART-naïve, this suggested that there is positive response to antiretroviral therapy in HIV patients.","PeriodicalId":245976,"journal":{"name":"Haematology International Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122135461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: To screen the donors for the frequency of different blood groups, reason for deferral and comparative analysis of the donation in two consecutive years in blood bank of Qazi Hussian Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Blood bank of Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex, Nowshera from 25th April 2017 to 5th May 2019. A total of 3429 donors were included in the study. From each donor blood was collected in strict sterile environment. ABO and Rh blood grouping were done by agglutination method using antisera A, antisera B and antisera D. The frequency of different blood group was recorded. Data was analyzed for percentage calculation. Results: A total of 3429 donors received in the blood bank for donation. The age range of the donor was from 18 years to 52 years. The mean age was 35 years with standard deviation of 3.24. 3018(88%) of the donors were males and 411(12%) females. The distribution of RhD+ and RhD- blood groups was 89.90% and 10.09% respectively. The frequency of “RhD+ blood groups in target population” was B: 1226(35.75%), O: 807(23.53%), A: 754(22%) and AB:296(8.63%). The frequency of “Rh Negative blood groups” was: B: 139(4.05%), O: 95(2.77%), A:84(2.45%) and AB: 28(0.82%). The packed cell wastage rate in our blood bank was 185 (5.4%). The donor deferral rate was 0.7% (24cases) due to positive virology. In quarter 2 of 2017, 767 bags received for transfusion due to dengue outbreak in District Nowshera. Hepatitis B Virus was major cause of deferral that was reported in 14 cases followed by HCV Virus in 13 cases. Conclusion: The frequency of “Rh-positive blood group” was BOA and AB respectively. Blood Group B was noted in 35% of the donors that counted to be the major prevalent Rh positive blood group in our population. Regarding the Rh Negative blood group again the frequency was B,O,A and AB. Blood group B- was prevalent as a major negative blood group in our population that was recorded in 4.05% cases. AB- Blood group was the rare blood group noted in 0.82% of the donors. The main cause of deferral was Hep B virus that was noted in 14 cases followed by HCV virus in 13 case. The total prevalence of the hepatitis in the donors presented to our blood bank was 0.7%.
{"title":"Prevalence of ABO and RhD Antigen in District Nowshera an Experience in Blood Bank of Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera","authors":"Khan H","doi":"10.23880/hij-16000171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/hij-16000171","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To screen the donors for the frequency of different blood groups, reason for deferral and comparative analysis of the donation in two consecutive years in blood bank of Qazi Hussian Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Blood bank of Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex, Nowshera from 25th April 2017 to 5th May 2019. A total of 3429 donors were included in the study. From each donor blood was collected in strict sterile environment. ABO and Rh blood grouping were done by agglutination method using antisera A, antisera B and antisera D. The frequency of different blood group was recorded. Data was analyzed for percentage calculation. Results: A total of 3429 donors received in the blood bank for donation. The age range of the donor was from 18 years to 52 years. The mean age was 35 years with standard deviation of 3.24. 3018(88%) of the donors were males and 411(12%) females. The distribution of RhD+ and RhD- blood groups was 89.90% and 10.09% respectively. The frequency of “RhD+ blood groups in target population” was B: 1226(35.75%), O: 807(23.53%), A: 754(22%) and AB:296(8.63%). The frequency of “Rh Negative blood groups” was: B: 139(4.05%), O: 95(2.77%), A:84(2.45%) and AB: 28(0.82%). The packed cell wastage rate in our blood bank was 185 (5.4%). The donor deferral rate was 0.7% (24cases) due to positive virology. In quarter 2 of 2017, 767 bags received for transfusion due to dengue outbreak in District Nowshera. Hepatitis B Virus was major cause of deferral that was reported in 14 cases followed by HCV Virus in 13 cases. Conclusion: The frequency of “Rh-positive blood group” was BOA and AB respectively. Blood Group B was noted in 35% of the donors that counted to be the major prevalent Rh positive blood group in our population. Regarding the Rh Negative blood group again the frequency was B,O,A and AB. Blood group B- was prevalent as a major negative blood group in our population that was recorded in 4.05% cases. AB- Blood group was the rare blood group noted in 0.82% of the donors. The main cause of deferral was Hep B virus that was noted in 14 cases followed by HCV virus in 13 case. The total prevalence of the hepatitis in the donors presented to our blood bank was 0.7%.","PeriodicalId":245976,"journal":{"name":"Haematology International Journal","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121472833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cutaneous Gamma Delta T cell Lymphoma Leading to Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis that Presented as Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome","authors":"K. Kannan","doi":"10.23880/hij-16000142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/hij-16000142","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":245976,"journal":{"name":"Haematology International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129852158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Variations in folate metabolism including genetic polymorphisms in the key metabolic enzymes had showed influences in the MI process. Objectives: To determine whether the C1298A transition in the Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase ( MTHFR ) gene is associated with increased risk for MI among Sudanese patients. Material and methods: This is a hospital based case control study in which a total of 140 Sudanese subjects were enrolled, 70 patients with myocardial infarction and 70 age- and sex matched healthy volunteers as a control group. Genomic DNA was extracted by (QIA gene, Korea) kits and the SNPs genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR- RFLP). Data of this study were collected using a structured interview questionnaire and analyzed by statistical package for social sciences (version 21). Results: The frequency of the AA genotype was higher in the patients group compared with control (96%, 71% respectively); while the AC genotype was higher in the control (20%, 5% respectively), while the CC genotype was not observed in this study population. The frequencies of A and C alleles were 0.68 and 0.02 respectively in MI patients while frequencies were 0.60 and 0.10 respectively in the control group. No statistically significant association was observed between MTHFR genotypes and MI (P. values = 0.4 and 0.1 for AA and AC genotypes respectively). Conclusion: In this study population, the A1298C MTHFR polymorphism is not associated with the risk of MI among the Sudanese population.
{"title":"Association of Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene A1298C (Rs1801131) Polymorphism with Myocardial Infarction among Sudanese Patients","authors":"H. Tam","doi":"10.23880/hij-16000192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/hij-16000192","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Variations in folate metabolism including genetic polymorphisms in the key metabolic enzymes had showed influences in the MI process. Objectives: To determine whether the C1298A transition in the Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase ( MTHFR ) gene is associated with increased risk for MI among Sudanese patients. Material and methods: This is a hospital based case control study in which a total of 140 Sudanese subjects were enrolled, 70 patients with myocardial infarction and 70 age- and sex matched healthy volunteers as a control group. Genomic DNA was extracted by (QIA gene, Korea) kits and the SNPs genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR- RFLP). Data of this study were collected using a structured interview questionnaire and analyzed by statistical package for social sciences (version 21). Results: The frequency of the AA genotype was higher in the patients group compared with control (96%, 71% respectively); while the AC genotype was higher in the control (20%, 5% respectively), while the CC genotype was not observed in this study population. The frequencies of A and C alleles were 0.68 and 0.02 respectively in MI patients while frequencies were 0.60 and 0.10 respectively in the control group. No statistically significant association was observed between MTHFR genotypes and MI (P. values = 0.4 and 0.1 for AA and AC genotypes respectively). Conclusion: In this study population, the A1298C MTHFR polymorphism is not associated with the risk of MI among the Sudanese population.","PeriodicalId":245976,"journal":{"name":"Haematology International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122425272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 2019-2020 pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-Cov-2 or COVID-19 is ongoing. The outbreak of a respiratory illness caused by COVID-19 was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and declared by the local authorities in December 2019. Since the beginning of the pandemic, Governments and health authorities across the world are striving to limit the widespread of the virus. The African continent registered its first cases about two months ago, and then readily implemented massive preventive measures such as lockdown, confinement and curfew. Like others, African Scientists are learning from and sharing their experiences about the disease. The aim of this article is to present a case of a COVID-19-related moderate pneumonia with unusual laboratory findings. This study has been approved by the local bioethics committee.
{"title":"Thrombocytosis on Adult Patient with SARS-Cov-2 in Africa","authors":"Ngolet Lo","doi":"10.23880/hij-16000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/hij-16000166","url":null,"abstract":"The 2019-2020 pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-Cov-2 or COVID-19 is ongoing. The outbreak of a respiratory illness caused by COVID-19 was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and declared by the local authorities in December 2019. Since the beginning of the pandemic, Governments and health authorities across the world are striving to limit the widespread of the virus. The African continent registered its first cases about two months ago, and then readily implemented massive preventive measures such as lockdown, confinement and curfew. Like others, African Scientists are learning from and sharing their experiences about the disease. The aim of this article is to present a case of a COVID-19-related moderate pneumonia with unusual laboratory findings. This study has been approved by the local bioethics committee.","PeriodicalId":245976,"journal":{"name":"Haematology International Journal","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134238721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses the importance of addressing, measuring and treating the infectious, inflammatory and thrombotic tissue effect resulting from the body’s immunologic response to SARS-CoV-2 using methods previously detailed in the medical literature, in an effort to reduce SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality. Successful treatment of SARS-CoV-2 requires addressing each of the four stages of the viral infection including oxygenation, acute cytotoxic immune response, adaptive humoral-antibody response, and viral cellular attachment and replication. Information obtained from the National Clinical Trial NCT04349410 has proven the benefit of treating each of these four factors. A paper detailing the NCT04349410 results has been published elsewhere.
{"title":"Treating SARS-CoV-2 Based Upon the Fleming InflammoThrombotic Response (ITR) & Cardiovascular Disease Theory","authors":"R. Fleming","doi":"10.23880/hij-16000209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/hij-16000209","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the importance of addressing, measuring and treating the infectious, inflammatory and thrombotic tissue effect resulting from the body’s immunologic response to SARS-CoV-2 using methods previously detailed in the medical literature, in an effort to reduce SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality. Successful treatment of SARS-CoV-2 requires addressing each of the four stages of the viral infection including oxygenation, acute cytotoxic immune response, adaptive humoral-antibody response, and viral cellular attachment and replication. Information obtained from the National Clinical Trial NCT04349410 has proven the benefit of treating each of these four factors. A paper detailing the NCT04349410 results has been published elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":245976,"journal":{"name":"Haematology International Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133059361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder resulting from a point mutation of thymine (T) for adenine (A) at codon 6 of the gene for beta-globin chain of haemoglobin, leading to substitution of Valine for Glutamate at position 6 of the amino acid sequence, thereby shifting the isoelectric point of the protein. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (T-786C) in the 5’ promoter region which affects the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ENOS) gene is critical in determining the predisposition of humans to diseases including SCD. This work was therefore aimed at investigating the presence of SNP (T-786C) in the 5’ promoter region of ENOS gene in patients with SCD with respect to controls, visiting the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State, south-Eastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study recruited a total of 50 subjects including 20 SCD patients (SS), 15 sickle cell carriers (AS) and 15 healthy non-carriers (AA). DNA was extracted from venous blood samples; PCR amplification was done using specified primers to the region of polymorphism, and finally followed by HpaII restriction enzyme digestion. Results: The results obtained showed only TT genotype across all samples, and so could not establish any relationship between the SNP T-786C ENOS gene region and SCD. There was presence of the same genotype in both test and control groups. Conclusion: This research findings therefore suggest that T-786C ENOS gene polymorphism is not associated with SCD in south-Eastern Nigeria and thus cannot genetically influence the phenotypic outcome of the disease in the clime.
{"title":"Genetic Polymorphism of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Sickle Cell Disease Patients in South-Eastern Nigeria","authors":"Okonkwo Co","doi":"10.23880/hij-16000187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/hij-16000187","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder resulting from a point mutation of thymine (T) for adenine (A) at codon 6 of the gene for beta-globin chain of haemoglobin, leading to substitution of Valine for Glutamate at position 6 of the amino acid sequence, thereby shifting the isoelectric point of the protein. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (T-786C) in the 5’ promoter region which affects the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ENOS) gene is critical in determining the predisposition of humans to diseases including SCD. This work was therefore aimed at investigating the presence of SNP (T-786C) in the 5’ promoter region of ENOS gene in patients with SCD with respect to controls, visiting the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State, south-Eastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study recruited a total of 50 subjects including 20 SCD patients (SS), 15 sickle cell carriers (AS) and 15 healthy non-carriers (AA). DNA was extracted from venous blood samples; PCR amplification was done using specified primers to the region of polymorphism, and finally followed by HpaII restriction enzyme digestion. Results: The results obtained showed only TT genotype across all samples, and so could not establish any relationship between the SNP T-786C ENOS gene region and SCD. There was presence of the same genotype in both test and control groups. Conclusion: This research findings therefore suggest that T-786C ENOS gene polymorphism is not associated with SCD in south-Eastern Nigeria and thus cannot genetically influence the phenotypic outcome of the disease in the clime.","PeriodicalId":245976,"journal":{"name":"Haematology International Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116925461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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