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Assessing relevant transport processes in Opalinus Clay at the Mont Terri rock laboratory using excess-pressure, concentration and temperature profiles 在蒙特特里岩石实验室使用超压、浓度和温度剖面评估蛋白石粘土的相关运输过程
IF 5.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2023.107016
Julio Gonçalvès , Jean-Michel Matray , Catherine Ji Yu

In the context of studies on deep geological disposal of radioactive waste, the overpressures whose origin is still debated raise the question of the relevant transport processes to be taken into account in clay media. An anomaly of about 13 bars was identified during the Deep Borehole (DB) experiment at the Mont Terri URL (Switzerland) whose objective was to identify the impact of hydraulic and chemical transient behavior on fluid and solute transfers. The first stage of DB experiment consisted in drilling BDB-1, a 250 m long-inclined borehole across the entire Opalinus Clay (OPA). The second stage of the work aimed at determining the driving forces (pressure, temperature, and salinity gradients) and transport coefficients (diffusion, hydraulic conductivity, chemical and thermal osmotic coefficients) using a multi-packer hydraulic system. The last step of this fully experimental and modelling integrated study was the development of 1D transport models either in fully transient or in pseudo-steady state to reproduce the measured pressure and salinity profiles. Pure hydraulic calculations evaluated a Darcy velocity in the order of 10−14 m s−1, related to a downward flow. However the best agreement with the data was obtained by introducing osmotic processes. Chemical osmosis slightly increased the advective flow in the same direction, but its effect is minor compared to that of thermo-osmosis which inverts the water movement with a mean Darcy velocity of about 10−13 m s−1. However, the Peclet number still confirmed the dominance of diffusion with respect to advection at Mont Terri.

在研究放射性废物的深层地质处置的背景下,起源仍有争议的超压力提出了在粘土介质中考虑相关运输过程的问题。在Mont Terri URL(瑞士)进行的深钻孔(DB)实验中,发现了一个约13 bar的异常,其目的是确定水力和化学瞬态行为对流体和溶质转移的影响。DB实验的第一阶段是钻钻BDB-1,这是一个250米长的斜井眼,穿过整个Opalinus Clay (OPA)。第二阶段的工作旨在使用多封隔器液压系统确定驱动力(压力、温度和盐度梯度)和传输系数(扩散、水力传导、化学和热渗透系数)。这项实验和建模综合研究的最后一步是开发完全瞬态或准稳态的一维输运模型,以重现测量的压力和盐度剖面。纯水力计算得出的达西速度为10 - 14 m s - 1,与向下流动有关。然而,通过引入渗透过程获得了与数据最一致的结果。化学渗透略微增加了同一方向的平流,但其作用与热渗透相比较小,热渗透使水运动逆转,平均达西速度约为10−13 m s−1。然而,佩雷数仍然证实了在蒙特特里,相对于平流,扩散占优势。
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引用次数: 0
A non-isothermal reactive transport model of the long-term geochemical evolution at the disposal cell scale in a HLW repository in granite 花岗岩高放废物库处置池规模长期地球化学演化的非等温反应迁移模型
IF 5.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2023.107018
Luis Montenegro , Javier Samper , Alba Mon , Laurent De Windt , Aurora-Core Samper , Enrique García

The assessment of the long-term performance of the engineered barrier systems of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) repositories requires the use of reactive transport models. Here a non-isothermal reactive transport model of the long-term geochemical evolution of a HLW disposal cell in a granitic host rock is presented. The model includes the vitrified waste (40 cm in diameter), the carbon-steel canister (5 cm thick), the saturated FEBEX bentonite buffer (75 cm thick) and the reference granitic rock. The model accounts for the thermal transient stage and assumes generalized steel corrosion under anaerobic conditions with a corrosion rate equal to 1.41 m/y. Canister failure is assumed to occur when the remaining canister thickness is equal to 3.5 cm at t = 25,000 years. Canister corrosion caused an increase in pH. The computed pH in the canister just before canister failure (t = 25,000 years) was equal to 9.25 and ranged from 7.82 to 9.25 in the bentonite. Magnetite, the main corrosion product, precipitated in the bentonite and especially in the canister. The thickness of magnetite precipitation band in the bentonite was 1 cm. Siderite precipitated at both sides of the canister/bentonite interface. The precipitation front penetrated >1 cm into the bentonite. Nuclear glass started dissolving after canister failure (t > 25,000 years). The concentration of dissolved silica increased in the inner part of the glass until t = 30,000 years and decreased in the outer part of the glass due to the out diffusion of dissolved silica into the canister and the bentonite. This diffusive flux caused the precipitation of greenalite at the glass/canister and canister/bentonite interfaces. The pH at the end of the simulation (t = 50,000 years) ranged from 7.93 to 7.89 in the glass, from 7.89 to 8.66 in the canister and from 7.87 to 8.6 in the bentonite. Magnetite precipitated in the canister while there was carbon steel to corrode. Once the canister was fully corroded, magnetite redissolved near the glass/canister interface. Greenalite precipitated in the canister and the bentonite, especially at the glass/canister interface and siderite precipitated at the canister/bentonite interface. The simulation results should be useful for the performance assessment of engineered barriers of radioactive waste repositories in granitic host rocks.

高放废物(HLW)储存库的工程屏障系统的长期性能评估需要使用反应传输模型。本文提出了花岗质寄主岩中高沸石处置池长期地球化学演化的非等温反应输运模型。该模型包括玻璃化废物(直径40 cm),碳钢罐(5 cm厚),饱和FEBEX膨润土缓冲层(75 cm厚)和参考花岗岩。该模型考虑了热瞬态阶段,并假设在厌氧条件下钢的普遍腐蚀,腐蚀速率为1.41 m/y。假设在t = 25,000年时,罐的剩余厚度为3.5 cm时,罐就会发生失效。罐体腐蚀导致pH值升高。罐体破坏前(t = 25000年)计算的pH值等于9.25,膨润土中的pH值在7.82到9.25之间。主要的腐蚀产物是磁铁矿,它在膨润土中沉淀,尤其是在罐体中。膨润土中磁铁矿沉淀带厚度约为1 cm。菱铁矿在筒体/膨润土界面两侧析出。降水锋深入膨润土1 cm。筒体失效后核玻璃开始溶解(t >25000年)。溶解的二氧化硅在玻璃内部的浓度增加,直到t = 30,000年,由于溶解的二氧化硅向罐子和膨润土扩散,玻璃外部的浓度下降。这种扩散通量导致绿绿石在玻璃/罐和罐/膨润土界面析出。模拟结束时(t = 5万年),玻璃中的pH值为7.93至7.89,罐中为7.89至8.66,膨润土中的pH值为7.87至8.6。当有碳钢腐蚀时,磁铁矿在罐内沉淀。一旦罐被完全腐蚀,磁铁矿在玻璃/罐界面附近重新溶解。绿绿石在罐和膨润土中沉淀,尤其是在玻璃/罐界面处,菱铁矿在罐/膨润土界面处沉淀。模拟结果可为花岗岩寄主岩中放射性废物贮存库工程屏障的性能评价提供参考。
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引用次数: 1
Structure, photoactivity, and antimicrobial properties of phloxine B / poly(caprolactone) nanocomposite thin films 苯二酚B /聚己内酯纳米复合薄膜的结构、光活性和抗菌性能
IF 5.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2023.107037
Eva Skoura , Peter Boháč , Martin Barlog , Helena Pálková , Andreas Mautner , Larysa Bugyna , Helena Bujdáková , Juraj Bujdák

Many applications of polymeric materials require chemical surface treatments. One possibility is the formation of a thin nanocomposite layer without changes in the polymer matrix. In this work, poly(caprolactone) was prepared with a thin nanocomposite layer composed of organoclay and photoactive dye, phloxine B (PhB). The principle of modification was the fusion of a thin layer of organoclay with a polymer matrix by the intercalation of polymer chains into the organoclay layer. The surface properties and composition of the thin layer of the nanocomposite were described using electron microscopy, measurements of water contact angles, X-ray diffraction, as well as X-ray photoelectron, UV–vis, and infrared spectroscopies. These methods revealed the effectiveness of polymer intercalation, confirmed the hydrophobic properties of the layer, the thickness of the composite at the level of several μm, the surface composition, and homogeneous distribution of PhB. The main outcomes were photoactive and antimicrobial properties of the films. The effects of various factors such as surfactant and dye concentrations and presence of polymer on photophysical properties were evaluated. PhB retained luminescence in all prepared materials to be highest at the lowest dye concentration and gradually decreased with increasing dye concentration. This trend was also confirmed by measurements of time-resolved fluorescence and quantum yields. In terms of antimicrobial activity, only the composite with the highest concentration of PhB exhibited a significant reduction in S. aureus biofilm growth. A more significant reduction was achieved using green light irradiation (about 3% of the growth in the control). The influence of other factors and potential applications will be the subjects of further studies.

高分子材料的许多应用都需要化学表面处理。一种可能性是在不改变聚合物基体的情况下形成薄的纳米复合层。本文以有机粘土和光活性染料苯氧辛B (PhB)为材料,制备了聚己内酯纳米复合材料。改性的原理是通过在有机粘土层中嵌入聚合物链使薄层有机粘土与聚合物基体融合。利用电子显微镜、水接触角测量、x射线衍射以及x射线光电子、紫外-可见和红外光谱对纳米复合材料薄层的表面性质和组成进行了描述。这些方法揭示了聚合物嵌入的有效性,证实了层的疏水性、复合材料在几μm水平上的厚度、表面组成和PhB的均匀分布。主要结果是膜的光活性和抗菌性能。考察了表面活性剂、染料浓度、聚合物的存在等因素对光物理性能的影响。PhB在各制备材料中的发光在最低染料浓度时保持最高,随染料浓度的增加而逐渐降低。时间分辨荧光和量子产率的测量也证实了这一趋势。在抗菌活性方面,只有PhB浓度最高的复合材料对金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜生长有明显的抑制作用。使用绿光照射实现了更显著的减少(约为对照组增长的3%)。其他因素的影响和潜在的应用将是进一步研究的主题。
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引用次数: 0
Nanoarchitectonics of fibrous clays as fillers of improved proton-conducting membranes for fuel-cell applications 纤维状粘土作为燃料电池应用中改进的质子传导膜填料的纳米结构
IF 5.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2023.107019
Noura Thmaini , Khaled Charradi , Zakarya Ahmed , Radhouane Chtourou , Pilar Aranda

This work reports on the development of various nanostructured materials based on the assembly of SiO2, TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles to sepiolite fibers (Sep) and their incorporation as a filler of Nafion to improve their performance as proton exchange membrane for fuel cells applications. Various nanoarchitectures, SiO2-Sep, TiO2-SiO2-Sep and ZnO@SiO2-Sep, were prepared following a colloidal route based on the controlled hydrolysis of alkoxide precursos (tetramethoxysilane and titanium tetraisopropoxide) in the presence of hexadecyltrimethylammonium-sepiolite. The SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles were consolidated after a thermal treatment that also removes the surfactant and assures their assembly to the clay. In the case of the ZnO@SiO2-Sep nanostructured material, previously formed ZnO nanoparticles were assembled to the intermediated produced after the hydrolysis-polycondensation of tetramethoxysilane on the organoclay, followed by a thermal treatment that consolidates the nanoarchitecture. The resulting nanoarchitectures were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, confirming the formation of the nanoparticles and their assembly through silanol groups at the external surface of the clay. Nafion-based composite membranes were prepared using as nanofiller the produced SiO2-Sep, TiO2-SiO2-Sep and ZnO@SiO2-Sep nanoarchitectures. Thermal properties, water uptake and proton conductivity of the resulting composite membranes were evaluated in comparison to those of a neat Nafion membrane to ascertain their potential usefulness for applications in PEMFC.

本文报道了将SiO2、TiO2和ZnO纳米粒子组装到海泡石纤维(Sep)上,并将其作为填料掺入Nafion,以提高其作为燃料电池质子交换膜的性能,从而开发出各种纳米结构材料。在十六烷基三甲基铵海泡石的存在下,通过控制醇盐前体(四甲基氧基硅烷和四异丙醇钛)的水解,采用胶体路线制备了不同的纳米结构SiO2-Sep、TiO2-SiO2-Sep和ZnO@SiO2-Sep。经过热处理后,SiO2和TiO2纳米颗粒被固化,同时去除表面活性剂并确保其组装到粘土上。在ZnO@SiO2-Sep纳米结构材料的情况下,将先前形成的ZnO纳米颗粒组装到有机粘土上四甲基氧基硅烷水解缩聚后产生的中间体上,然后进行热处理以巩固纳米结构。通过XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM和N2吸附-脱附等温线对所得纳米结构进行了表征,证实了纳米颗粒的形成及其通过硅烷醇基团在粘土外表面的组装。以制备的SiO2-Sep、TiO2-SiO2-Sep和ZnO@SiO2-Sep纳米结构为纳米填料制备了钠基复合膜。将复合膜的热性能、吸水率和质子电导率与纯Nafion膜进行比较,以确定其在PEMFC中的潜在应用价值。
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引用次数: 0
Halloysite nanotube microspheres connected to an electrospun nanofiber membrane for effective and riskless hemostasis Halloysite纳米管微球与电纺纳米纤维膜连接,实现有效且无风险的止血
IF 5.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2023.107045
Zongwang Huang , Feng Qian , Guangjian Tian , Jiabin Shen , Sainan Liu , Zhongjun Yang , Yi Zhang

Effective and risk-free hemostasis procedures are desirable but remain challenging. Halloysite nanotubes are FDA-approved aluminosilicate mineral materials that have coagulation properties. Herein, the poly (lactic acid) electrospun nanofibers with high biocompatibility were connected to halloysite nanotube microspheres to prevent potential distal thrombosis risks arising from detached individual halloysite nanotubes. Compared to halloysite nanotubes, halloysite nanotube microspheres with a diameter of approximately 3.0 μm exhibited tightened incorporation of nanofibers and semi-exposed interaction area on surface. With the addition of 7 wt% halloysite nanotube microspheres, the optimum blood coagulation time in vitro was 171 s. The main functional components of blood adhered to the halloysite nanotube microsphere-incorporated nanofiber membrane, and further, the free platelets were activated, and then a blood clot formed. Thus, the aforementioned halloysite nanotube microsphere-incorporated nanofiber membrane with acceptable air breathability and mechanical properties is a viable candidate as a hemostatic material for compressible hemorrhage control, like bandage.

有效和无风险的止血方法是可取的,但仍然具有挑战性。高岭土纳米管是fda批准的具有凝固特性的铝硅酸盐矿物材料。本研究将具有高生物相容性的聚乳酸静电纺丝纳米纤维连接到高岭土纳米管微球上,以防止分离的单个高岭土纳米管可能引起的远端血栓形成风险。与高岭土纳米管相比,直径约为3.0 μm的高岭土纳米管微球表面纳米纤维结合紧密,相互作用面积半暴露。当高岭土纳米管微球添加量为7 wt%时,体外凝血时间为171 s。血液的主要功能成分粘附在高岭土纳米管微球纳米纤维膜上,游离血小板被激活,形成血凝块。因此,上述高岭土纳米管微球纳米纤维膜具有良好的透气性和机械性能,是一种可行的止血材料,可用于可压缩出血控制,如绷带。
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引用次数: 1
Polymer elution and hydraulic conductivity of polymer-bentonite geosynthetic clay liners to bauxite liquors 聚合物膨润土土工合成粘土衬垫对铝土矿液的聚合物洗脱及导水性能
IF 5.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2023.107039
Xing Chen , Yu Tan , Tim Copeland , Jiannan Chen , Daoping Peng , Tao Huang

This study investigated the influences of polymer types (Super Absorbent Polymer, SAP and Polyanionic Cellulose, PAC), preparation methods (dry-mixed, dry-sprinkled, or wet-mixed), initial polymer loadings (1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 10.0%, and 15.0%), and bauxite liquors (synthetic bauxite liquor, BLS and actual bauxite liquor, BLA) on the polymer elution and the hydraulic conductivity of polymer-bentonite geosynthetic clay liners (PB GCLs). Hydraulic conductivity, total organic carbon analysis, viscosity, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction tests were combined to investigate the mechanisms controlling the polymer elution and hydraulic conductivity of PB GCLs. The results demonstrated that PB GCLs with high initial polymer loading (10.0%, 15.0%) or prepared using the dry-sprinkled method had low hydraulic conductivities (< 1.0 × 10−10 m/s) and polymer eluting rates (< 10.0 mg/d). PAC-enhanced GCLs had a higher polymer eluting rate than SAP-enhanced GCLs due to the complete water solubility of linear polymer (PAC). When PB GCLs were permeated by BLS (higher ionic strength than BLA), polymer hydrogels had lower viscosity because of coiled or contracted conformation, resulting in a higher polymer eluting rate (> 50.0 mg/d) and hydraulic conductivity (> 1.0 × 10−11 m/s).

本研究考察了聚合物类型(高吸水性聚合物,SAP和聚阴离子纤维素,PAC),制备方法(干混合,干撒或湿混合),初始聚合物负载(1.0%,2.5%,5.0%,10.0%和15.0%)和铝土矿液(合成铝土矿液,BLS和实际铝土矿液,BLA)对聚合物-膨润土土工合成粘土衬垫(PB GCLs)的聚合物洗脱和导电性的影响。结合水导率、总有机碳分析、粘度、扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和x射线衍射测试,研究了PB - gcl聚合物洗脱和水导率的控制机理。结果表明,高初始聚合物负载(10.0%,15.0%)或采用干洒法制备的PB gcl具有较低的水力导电性(<1.0 × 10−10m /s)和聚合物洗脱速率(<10.0 mg / d)。由于线性聚合物(PAC)的完全水溶性,PAC增强gcl的聚合物洗脱率高于sap增强gcl。当BLS渗透PB - gcl时(离子强度高于BLA),聚合物水凝胶由于螺旋或收缩构象而具有较低的粘度,从而导致聚合物洗脱速率提高(>50.0 mg/d)和水力传导率(>1.0 × 10−11m /s)。
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引用次数: 2
Compositional-structural characterization of the Opalinus Clay and Passwang Formation: New insights from Rietveld refinement (Mont Terri URL, Switzerland) Opalinus粘土和Passwang组的成分结构特征:来自Rietveld精化的新见解(Mont Terri URL,瑞士)
IF 5.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2023.107017
Tilo Kneuker , Reiner Dohrmann , Kristian Ufer , David Jaeggi

Middle Jurassic Opalinus Clay (OPA) in Switzerland and Southern Germany is considered as host rock for the disposal of heat-generating radioactive waste. For the present study, core samples from the Mont Terri rock laboratory (Switzerland) were investigated using a facies-based approach including mineralogical and geochemical analyses. Special focus was on the analysis of the degree of ordering of irregular illite-smectite interstratified clay minerals (I-S) responsible for sorption of radionuclides and swelling properties of the rocks.

The investigations support the classification of OPA into five main facies (instead of the established threefold division) and into further subfacies. The facies concept was extended to the Passwang Formation (PWF). The amount of clay fraction varies in samples from the different facies, which is consistent with variations in cation exchange capacity (CEC). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of the <2 μm fraction revealed a homogenous composition of the main constituents, namely R1-ordered I-S, kaolinite, and illite. Crystal structure based Rietveld refinement indicates strong similarities in the nature of disorder of the interstratified illite-smectite minerals for all investigated facies. The I-S-phase can be described with the R1 model, which is together with the amount of illitic layers in the I-S an indicator for a maximum burial temperature between 90 and 105°C. The amount of illitic layer in the I-S varies from 73%–85% for all refinements and ordering types, and in all OPA and PW facies and subfacies. This, together with the homogenous composition of the clay size fraction points to (1) a homogenous overprint of the clay assemblage during burial and/or (2) a uniform siliciclastic sedimentary supply throughout the sedimentation period of the OPA. The results of this study highlight the need to combine lithofacial studies with mineralogical investigations in order to adequately capture the variability of clay-rich host rocks under consideration for radioactive waste disposal.

瑞士和德国南部的中侏罗世蛋白石粘土(OPA)被认为是处理产生热量的放射性废物的寄主岩石。在本研究中,使用了包括矿物学和地球化学分析在内的基于相的方法对来自Mont Terri岩石实验室(瑞士)的岩心样本进行了调查。特别着重分析了负责放射性核素吸附和岩石膨胀特性的不规则伊利石-蒙脱石层间粘土矿物(I-S)的有序程度。这些研究支持将OPA划分为五个主要相(而不是既定的三层划分)和进一步的亚相。将相概念推广到Passwang组(PWF)。不同相样品中粘土组分的含量不同,这与阳离子交换容量(CEC)的变化一致。通过x射线衍射(XRD)分析发现,2 μm馏分的主要成分均为r1有序I-S、高岭石和伊利石。基于Rietveld细化的晶体结构表明,在所有研究相中,层间伊利石-蒙脱石矿物的无序性质具有很强的相似性。I-S相可以用R1模型来描述,它与I-S中伊利石层的数量一起表明最高埋藏温度在90 ~ 105℃之间。在I-S中,所有细化和定序类型,以及所有OPA和PW相和亚相中,伊利石层的含量在73%-85%之间。这一点,再加上粘土粒度分数的均匀组成,表明:(1)埋藏期间粘土组合的均匀叠加和/或(2)在OPA的整个沉积时期都有均匀的硅屑沉积供应。这项研究的结果强调需要将岩面研究与矿物学调查结合起来,以便充分捕捉考虑放射性废物处理的富粘土宿主岩石的变异性。
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引用次数: 0
Temperature controlled adsorption of polyethyleneimine on the sepiolite surface 聚乙烯亚胺在海泡石表面的温度控制吸附
IF 5.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2023.107052
E. Godek , U. Maciołek , A. Gawryszuk-Rżysko , J. Pawłat , M. Kosińska-Pezda , E. Grządka

The effects of temperature (15, 25 and 35 °C) on the adsorption properties of polyethyleneimine (PEI) on the sepiolite (Sep) surface and some properties of the Sep/PEI suspensions including their stability were studied. It was shown that the increase in temperature caused larger adsorption of PEI macromolecules on the Sep surface, which was the effect of the spacious PEI conformation at higher temperatures. Stability of the Sep/PEI suspension was also better when temperature was higher due to effective electrosteric stabilization. The obtained results indicate how the temperature influences the textural and electrokinetic properties of the Sep/PEI systems. The following analytical methods: UV–Vis spectrophotometry, XRD, nitrogen adsorption-desorption method, elemental analysis, SEM-EDX, FT-IR, TG-DSC, viscometry and zeta potential measurements were used in the performed research. The presented findings can be successfully used to create hybrid materials dedicated to water and wastewater treatment as well as in the gas capture processes.

研究了温度(15℃、25℃和35℃)对聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)在海泡石(Sep)表面吸附性能的影响,以及Sep/PEI悬浮液的稳定性。结果表明,随着温度的升高,PEI大分子在Sep表面的吸附量增大,这是高温下PEI构象宽敞的影响。由于有效的静电稳定作用,Sep/PEI悬浮液在温度较高时稳定性也较好。所得结果表明温度对Sep/PEI体系的织构和电动力学性能的影响。采用了紫外-可见分光光度法、XRD、氮吸附-解吸法、元素分析、SEM-EDX、FT-IR、TG-DSC、粘度法和zeta电位测定等分析方法。所提出的发现可以成功地用于制造专用于水和废水处理以及气体捕获过程的混合材料。
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引用次数: 0
Hydro-mechanichal characterisation of bentonite/steel interfaces 膨润土/钢界面的水力力学特性
IF 5.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2023.107046
Eleni Stavropoulou , Fabiana Sannasardo , Alessio Ferrari

The hydromechanical response of a Wyoming-type bentonite (MX-80) and its interface with steel was studied in terms of shear resistance under different hydration levels. A series of shear tests under constant normal stress were performed in total suction controlled conditions. In the case of bentonite samples, higher shear resistance was obtained for higher levels of applied suction. The shear properties of the bentonite/steel interface were overall lower than the internal properties of the bentonite, and they were not affected in a significant way by the hydration level. All samples presented a compactive response during shearing.

研究了怀俄明型膨润土(MX-80)在不同水化水平下的水力学响应及其与钢的界面抗剪性能。在全吸力控制条件下进行了恒正应力剪切试验。在膨润土样品的情况下,较高的吸力水平获得了更高的剪切阻力。膨润土/钢界面的剪切性能总体上低于膨润土的内部性能,且受水化水平的影响不显著。所有试样在剪切过程中均表现出压实响应。
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引用次数: 0
The atomic structure of imogolite nanotubes: A 50 years old issue reinvestigated by X-ray scattering experiments and molecular dynamics simulations 伊莫长石纳米管的原子结构:用x射线散射实验和分子动力学模拟重新研究了一个50年前的问题
IF 5.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2023.107043
Arianna D'Angelo , Erwan Paineau , Stéphan Rouzière , Érik Elkaim , Claire Goldmann , Damien Toquer , Stéphane Rols , Pascale Launois

Imogolites are clay nanotubes consisting of a curved di-octahedral gibbsite-like layer [OH3AlO3] and of isolated OHSiO3 tetrahedra connected by three mutual oxygen atoms to the octahedra, with N silicon tetrahedra along a circumference. There is a consensus that synthetic imogolites have a larger N value than natural ones, which may depend on the method of synthesis. However, N values reported in the literature over the last fifty years are given as uncertain or are not consistent. In this work, we reinvestigate the structure of synthetic imogolite nanotubes for which a value of N = 12 was reported. We perform X-ray scattering experiments on nanotubes in suspension and on the same sample as a dry powder after removing water. The analysis of diffractograms is based on Molecular Dynamics simulations allowing us to obtain imogolite nanotubes with different N values. We find that the sample is made of a mixture of nanotubes with N = 13 and N = 14. Our study points towards strong deformation of the nanotubes, assembled in bundles, in their dry state, which has to be taken into account in the analysis of measured diffractograms.

伊莫长石是一种粘土纳米管,由弯曲的二八面体三边石样层[OH3AlO3]和孤立的OHSiO3四面体组成,由三个相互氧原子连接到八面体上,圆周上有N个硅四面体。合成伊莫长石的N值普遍大于天然伊莫长石,这可能与合成方法有关。然而,在过去的五十年中,文献报道的N值是不确定的或不一致的。在这项工作中,我们重新研究了N = 12的合成伊莫长石纳米管的结构。我们对悬浮液中的纳米管进行了x射线散射实验,并在相同的样品上作为干粉去除水。衍射图的分析是基于分子动力学模拟,使我们能够获得不同N值的伊莫长石纳米管。我们发现样品是由N = 13和N = 14的纳米管混合物制成的。我们的研究指出,在干燥状态下,成束组装的纳米管会发生强烈的变形,这在分析测量的衍射图时必须考虑到。
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引用次数: 1
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Applied Clay Science
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