Pub Date : 2009-06-25DOI: 10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184776
Fabio Cenni, S. Mir, L. Rufer
A surface acoustic wave (SAW) device is used in this work as the sensing element for a chemical sensor that will be embedded in a wireless sensor node. The SAW device is intended to detect the concentration of gaseous mercury in the environment. Two behavioral models of the SAW device have been studied. The microelectronics front-end architecture has been designed at transistor level in a 0.35µm CMOS technology. The SAW device is embedded in a phase-locked loop (PLL) that converts the change of concentration of gaseous mercury into a shift of the loop frequency. Finally, the simulation of the overall sensor has been carried out considering a model of the SAW device described in the Hardware Description Language Verilog-A.
在这项工作中，表面声波(SAW)装置被用作化学传感器的传感元件，该传感器将嵌入无线传感器节点中。SAW装置用于检测环境中气态汞的浓度。研究了声表面波器件的两种行为模型。微电子前端架构采用0.35 μ m CMOS技术在晶体管级设计。SAW器件嵌入锁相环(PLL)中，将气态汞浓度的变化转换为环路频率的变化。最后，利用硬件描述语言Verilog-A描述的声呐器件模型对整个传感器进行了仿真。
{"title":"Behavioral modeling and simulation of a chemical sensor with its microelectronics front-end interface","authors":"Fabio Cenni, S. Mir, L. Rufer","doi":"10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184776","url":null,"abstract":"A surface acoustic wave (SAW) device is used in this work as the sensing element for a chemical sensor that will be embedded in a wireless sensor node. The SAW device is intended to detect the concentration of gaseous mercury in the environment. Two behavioral models of the SAW device have been studied. The microelectronics front-end architecture has been designed at transistor level in a 0.35µm CMOS technology. The SAW device is embedded in a phase-locked loop (PLL) that converts the change of concentration of gaseous mercury into a shift of the loop frequency. Finally, the simulation of the overall sensor has been carried out considering a model of the SAW device described in the Hardware Description Language Verilog-A.","PeriodicalId":246540,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Workshop on Advances in sensors and Interfaces","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114443057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-25DOI: 10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184798
Mattia Autullo, Mauro Mennuni, M. Giustini, M. Giomini, Francesco Lopez, A. Mallardi, G. Palazzo
The alternating deposition on quartz of a cationic polymer and the integral bacterial membrane protein called Reaction Centre led to the formation of the polyelectrolyte multilayer called PEM. The PEM revealed to be a valuable tool for the determination of the presence of herbicides in water through the measurement of its optical properties. Among the most striking features of the PEM is the long time stability of the embedded protein that allowed the use of the same specimen for several months without any loss in sensitivity or reproducibility of the determinations. Here further details on the PEM structure and properties will be presented together with a first attempt to overcome the major drawback of the proposed biosensor, i.e.: its poor sensitivity.
{"title":"Triazine herbicides determination in water with an optical biosensor","authors":"Mattia Autullo, Mauro Mennuni, M. Giustini, M. Giomini, Francesco Lopez, A. Mallardi, G. Palazzo","doi":"10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184798","url":null,"abstract":"The alternating deposition on quartz of a cationic polymer and the integral bacterial membrane protein called Reaction Centre led to the formation of the polyelectrolyte multilayer called PEM. The PEM revealed to be a valuable tool for the determination of the presence of herbicides in water through the measurement of its optical properties. Among the most striking features of the PEM is the long time stability of the embedded protein that allowed the use of the same specimen for several months without any loss in sensitivity or reproducibility of the determinations. Here further details on the PEM structure and properties will be presented together with a first attempt to overcome the major drawback of the proposed biosensor, i.e.: its poor sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":246540,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Workshop on Advances in sensors and Interfaces","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116595262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-25DOI: 10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184797
F. Valente, G. Zacheo, P. Losito, F. Corsi
In this paper we propose a flexible two-level architecture for wireless communications in areas where the deployment of wired networks is not feasible, as in disaster recovery scenarios. The first layer of communication guarantees medium-range transmission, being based on the IEEE 802.11s draft for Mesh Networking. The lower one is instead optimized for short-range, low-power communication between sensor and actuator nodes, most of which are battery-powered. The system architecture and related features are described in detail, and some preliminary experimental results of the subsystems are presented.
{"title":"A two-tier hierarchical network for adverse events monitoring","authors":"F. Valente, G. Zacheo, P. Losito, F. Corsi","doi":"10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184797","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we propose a flexible two-level architecture for wireless communications in areas where the deployment of wired networks is not feasible, as in disaster recovery scenarios. The first layer of communication guarantees medium-range transmission, being based on the IEEE 802.11s draft for Mesh Networking. The lower one is instead optimized for short-range, low-power communication between sensor and actuator nodes, most of which are battery-powered. The system architecture and related features are described in detail, and some preliminary experimental results of the subsystems are presented.","PeriodicalId":246540,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Workshop on Advances in sensors and Interfaces","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133952526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-25DOI: 10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184786
M. Benocci, Elisabetta Farella, L. Benini, Laura Vanzago
Wireless Body-area Sensor Networks (WBSN) are a key component of e-Health solutions. Many different physiological parameters can be monitored and collected continuously by wearable wireless sensors with high accuracy, low power consumption and limited cost. In this work we focus on WBSN for real-time biofeedback applications. In this domain the real-time nature of I/O data streams is of critical importance for providing an useful and efficient sensorial feedback for the user while system lifetime should be maximized. Thus, bandwidth, throughput and energy efficiency of the communication protocol must be carefully optimized. The research community is still divided on the choice of the protocol to use (proprietary, ZigBee, Bluetooth). In this article we investigate how ZigBee meets WBSN requirements showing a higher communication efficiency and lower power consumption, with respect to Bluetooth Serial Port Profile, (SPP) based solution.
{"title":"Optimizing ZigBee for data streaming in body-area bio-feedback applications","authors":"M. Benocci, Elisabetta Farella, L. Benini, Laura Vanzago","doi":"10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184786","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless Body-area Sensor Networks (WBSN) are a key component of e-Health solutions. Many different physiological parameters can be monitored and collected continuously by wearable wireless sensors with high accuracy, low power consumption and limited cost. In this work we focus on WBSN for real-time biofeedback applications. In this domain the real-time nature of I/O data streams is of critical importance for providing an useful and efficient sensorial feedback for the user while system lifetime should be maximized. Thus, bandwidth, throughput and energy efficiency of the communication protocol must be carefully optimized. The research community is still divided on the choice of the protocol to use (proprietary, ZigBee, Bluetooth). In this article we investigate how ZigBee meets WBSN requirements showing a higher communication efficiency and lower power consumption, with respect to Bluetooth Serial Port Profile, (SPP) based solution.","PeriodicalId":246540,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Workshop on Advances in sensors and Interfaces","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128844639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-25DOI: 10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184772
F. Corsi, M. Foresta, C. Marzocca, G. Matarrese, A. Del Guerra
A complete analog front-end channel suitable for Silicon Photo-Multiplier (SiPM) detectors has been designed in a standard CMOS 0.35µm technology. The current-mode approach exploited in the first stage of the proposed architecture allows to fulfill the severe constraints imposed by this kind of detectors in terms of dynamic range and speed of operation, without excessive power consumption. Timing accuracy of about 50ps, obtained with the electronics coupled to a fast pulse generator in series to a charge injection capacitance, has been obtained by means of a fast current discriminator. The circuit is specially intended for medical imaging applications, for instance PET, but programmability of detector bias, gain and threshold current enhances the flexibility of the architecture, making it suitable for different kind of SiPM detectors and applications. An 8-channel ASIC, suitable for the read-out of SiPM arrays has been designed and manufactured following this approach. The characterization of the chip is currently in progress. Here we report the preliminary measurement results obtained by coupling a single channel to a single SiPM detector excited by a pulsed blue LED.
{"title":"A self-triggered CMOS front-end for Silicon Photo-Multiplier detectors","authors":"F. Corsi, M. Foresta, C. Marzocca, G. Matarrese, A. Del Guerra","doi":"10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184772","url":null,"abstract":"A complete analog front-end channel suitable for Silicon Photo-Multiplier (SiPM) detectors has been designed in a standard CMOS 0.35µm technology. The current-mode approach exploited in the first stage of the proposed architecture allows to fulfill the severe constraints imposed by this kind of detectors in terms of dynamic range and speed of operation, without excessive power consumption. Timing accuracy of about 50ps, obtained with the electronics coupled to a fast pulse generator in series to a charge injection capacitance, has been obtained by means of a fast current discriminator. The circuit is specially intended for medical imaging applications, for instance PET, but programmability of detector bias, gain and threshold current enhances the flexibility of the architecture, making it suitable for different kind of SiPM detectors and applications. An 8-channel ASIC, suitable for the read-out of SiPM arrays has been designed and manufactured following this approach. The characterization of the chip is currently in progress. Here we report the preliminary measurement results obtained by coupling a single channel to a single SiPM detector excited by a pulsed blue LED.","PeriodicalId":246540,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Workshop on Advances in sensors and Interfaces","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131263631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-25DOI: 10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184785
C. Bergonzini, D. Brunelli, L. Benini
Several wireless sensor network (WSN) applications leverage energy harvesting technologies such as small size photo-voltaic modules. The advantage of solar energy over other forms of environmental energy is that the available solar power can be predicted with reasonable accuracy allowing the implementation of efficient power management techniques. However accurate predictions of future energy profiles can be expensive in term of memory occupancy and complexity and a trade-off between accuracy and computational effort must be evaluated. In this paper we compare different solar energy prediction algorithms that give estimates future available energy over the time. They are computationally simple and have a small memory footprint to facilitate the implementation in resource limited solar harvesting sensor nodes. Simulation results show that the most effective predictors is possible achieve high accuracy, diverging from real energy profile by less than 10%.
{"title":"Algorithms for harvested energy prediction in batteryless wireless sensor networks","authors":"C. Bergonzini, D. Brunelli, L. Benini","doi":"10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184785","url":null,"abstract":"Several wireless sensor network (WSN) applications leverage energy harvesting technologies such as small size photo-voltaic modules. The advantage of solar energy over other forms of environmental energy is that the available solar power can be predicted with reasonable accuracy allowing the implementation of efficient power management techniques. However accurate predictions of future energy profiles can be expensive in term of memory occupancy and complexity and a trade-off between accuracy and computational effort must be evaluated. In this paper we compare different solar energy prediction algorithms that give estimates future available energy over the time. They are computationally simple and have a small memory footprint to facilitate the implementation in resource limited solar harvesting sensor nodes. Simulation results show that the most effective predictors is possible achieve high accuracy, diverging from real energy profile by less than 10%.","PeriodicalId":246540,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Workshop on Advances in sensors and Interfaces","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115896006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-25DOI: 10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184767
V. Peskov
In the last decade, several new imaging gaseous detectors, called “micro-pattern gaseous detectors”, have been conceived and rapidly developed. In this paper, the most popular designs of these detectors and their applications to high energy physics and astrophysics experiments will be described. The main focus of this review will however be on the ongoing activities on practical applications of micro-pattern detectors to medicine and industry.
{"title":"Progress in micro-pattern gaseous detectors and their applications","authors":"V. Peskov","doi":"10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184767","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade, several new imaging gaseous detectors, called “micro-pattern gaseous detectors”, have been conceived and rapidly developed. In this paper, the most popular designs of these detectors and their applications to high energy physics and astrophysics experiments will be described. The main focus of this review will however be on the ongoing activities on practical applications of micro-pattern detectors to medicine and industry.","PeriodicalId":246540,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Workshop on Advances in sensors and Interfaces","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123491869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-25DOI: 10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184762
E. Alfinito, J. Millithaler, C. Pennetta, L. Reggiani
We propose an electronic nose of new generation, i.e. a nanosensor based on the use of large biomolecules, olfactory receptors, as sensing material. Modelling, design and experiments performed for proving the concept are reported and discussed.
{"title":"A nanobiosensor based on olfactory receptors","authors":"E. Alfinito, J. Millithaler, C. Pennetta, L. Reggiani","doi":"10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184762","url":null,"abstract":"We propose an electronic nose of new generation, i.e. a nanosensor based on the use of large biomolecules, olfactory receptors, as sensing material. Modelling, design and experiments performed for proving the concept are reported and discussed.","PeriodicalId":246540,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Workshop on Advances in sensors and Interfaces","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128441940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-25DOI: 10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184775
E. Stikvoort
In most receivers a balanced mixer is used, while the output of the LNA is single ended. The presented phase splitter generates an accurately balanced signal out of a single-ended source. The wide-band circuit consists of two RF transistors and a DC control loop. The circuit operates up to, say, ƒT/4. In the article the basic circuit is discussed and an IC implementation is given.
{"title":"An accurate RF 0°/180° phase splitter","authors":"E. Stikvoort","doi":"10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184775","url":null,"abstract":"In most receivers a balanced mixer is used, while the output of the LNA is single ended. The presented phase splitter generates an accurately balanced signal out of a single-ended source. The wide-band circuit consists of two RF transistors and a DC control loop. The circuit operates up to, say, ƒT/4. In the article the basic circuit is discussed and an IC implementation is given.","PeriodicalId":246540,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Workshop on Advances in sensors and Interfaces","volume":"75 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131705149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-25DOI: 10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184764
Y. Temiz, S. Carrara, A. Cavallini, Y. Leblebici, G. De Micheli
Recent advances in bio-sensing technologies have led to design of bio-sensor arrays for rapid identification and quantification of various biological agents such as drugs, gene expressions, proteins, cholesterol, fats, etc. Various dedicated sensing arrays are already available commercially to monitor some of these compounds in a sample. However, monitoring the simultaneous presence of multiple agents in a sample is still a challenging task. Multiple agents may often attach to the same probes on an array which makes it difficult to design a chip that can distinguish such agents (leading to low specificity). Thus, sophisticated algorithms for targets identification need to be implemented in biochip in order to maximize the number of distinguishable targets in the samples. The proposed algorithms are also required to introduce sophisticated signal processing and more intelligence on-chip. Dealing with these new processing and information technology demands constraints also require more innovative approaches towards hybrid integration technologies. To address such new demands, we discuss in this paper an innovative 3D-integrated bio-chips especially dedicated to label-free DNA detection.
{"title":"3D architecture and replaceable layers for label-free DNA biochips","authors":"Y. Temiz, S. Carrara, A. Cavallini, Y. Leblebici, G. De Micheli","doi":"10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184764","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in bio-sensing technologies have led to design of bio-sensor arrays for rapid identification and quantification of various biological agents such as drugs, gene expressions, proteins, cholesterol, fats, etc. Various dedicated sensing arrays are already available commercially to monitor some of these compounds in a sample. However, monitoring the simultaneous presence of multiple agents in a sample is still a challenging task. Multiple agents may often attach to the same probes on an array which makes it difficult to design a chip that can distinguish such agents (leading to low specificity). Thus, sophisticated algorithms for targets identification need to be implemented in biochip in order to maximize the number of distinguishable targets in the samples. The proposed algorithms are also required to introduce sophisticated signal processing and more intelligence on-chip. Dealing with these new processing and information technology demands constraints also require more innovative approaches towards hybrid integration technologies. To address such new demands, we discuss in this paper an innovative 3D-integrated bio-chips especially dedicated to label-free DNA detection.","PeriodicalId":246540,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Workshop on Advances in sensors and Interfaces","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131195104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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