Pub Date : 2009-06-25DOI: 10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184795
G. Costantini, D. Casali, M. Carota, G. Saggio, L. Bianchi, M. Abbafati, L. R. Quitadamo
In this paper, a brain/computer interface is proposed. The aim of this work is the recognition of the will of a human being, without the need of detecting the movement of any muscle. Disabled people could take, of course, most important advantages from this kind of sensor system, but it could also be useful in many other situations where arms and legs could not be used or a brain-computer interface is required to give commands. In order to achieve the above results, a prerequisite has been that of developing a system capable of recognizing and classifying four kind of tasks: thinking to move the right hand, thinking to move the left hand, performing a simple mathematical operation, and thinking to a carol. The data set exploited in the training and test phase of the system has been acquired by means of 61 electrodes and it is formed by time series subsequently transformed to the frequency domain, in order to obtain the power spectrum. For every electrode we have 128 frequency channels. The classification algorithm that we used is the Support Vector Machine (SVM).
{"title":"Mental task recognition based on SVM classification","authors":"G. Costantini, D. Casali, M. Carota, G. Saggio, L. Bianchi, M. Abbafati, L. R. Quitadamo","doi":"10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184795","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a brain/computer interface is proposed. The aim of this work is the recognition of the will of a human being, without the need of detecting the movement of any muscle. Disabled people could take, of course, most important advantages from this kind of sensor system, but it could also be useful in many other situations where arms and legs could not be used or a brain-computer interface is required to give commands. In order to achieve the above results, a prerequisite has been that of developing a system capable of recognizing and classifying four kind of tasks: thinking to move the right hand, thinking to move the left hand, performing a simple mathematical operation, and thinking to a carol. The data set exploited in the training and test phase of the system has been acquired by means of 61 electrodes and it is formed by time series subsequently transformed to the frequency domain, in order to obtain the power spectrum. For every electrode we have 128 frequency channels. The classification algorithm that we used is the Support Vector Machine (SVM).","PeriodicalId":246540,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Workshop on Advances in sensors and Interfaces","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116541380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-25DOI: 10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184759
S. Carrara, A. Cavallini, Y. Leblebici, G. De Micheli, V. Bhalla, F. Valle, B. Samorì, L. Benini, B. Riccò, Inger Vikholm-Lundin, T. Munter
Label-free DNA detection is of crucial role to when developing point-of-care biochips to be used in personalized therapy. Capacitance detection is a promising technology for label-free DNA detection. However, data published in literature often show evident time drift, large standard deviation, scattered data points, and poor reproducibility. To solve these problems, alkanethiol molecules such as mercapto-hexanol are usually considered as blocking agents. The aim of the present paper is to investigate new blocking agents to further improve DNA probe surfaces. Data from AFM, SPR, florescence microscopy, and capacitance measurements are used to demonstrate the new lipoates molecules. Moreover precursor layers obtained by using Ethylene-glycol alkanethiols offer further improvements in terms of diminished detection errors. Film structure is investigated at the nano-scale to justify the detection improvements in terms of probe surface quality. This study demonstrates the superiority of lipoate and Ethylene-glycol molecules as blocking candidates when immobilizing molecular probes onto spot surfaces in label-free DNA biochip.
{"title":"New probe immobilizations by lipoate-diethalonamines or ethylene-glycol molecules for capacitance DNA chip","authors":"S. Carrara, A. Cavallini, Y. Leblebici, G. De Micheli, V. Bhalla, F. Valle, B. Samorì, L. Benini, B. Riccò, Inger Vikholm-Lundin, T. Munter","doi":"10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184759","url":null,"abstract":"Label-free DNA detection is of crucial role to when developing point-of-care biochips to be used in personalized therapy. Capacitance detection is a promising technology for label-free DNA detection. However, data published in literature often show evident time drift, large standard deviation, scattered data points, and poor reproducibility. To solve these problems, alkanethiol molecules such as mercapto-hexanol are usually considered as blocking agents. The aim of the present paper is to investigate new blocking agents to further improve DNA probe surfaces. Data from AFM, SPR, florescence microscopy, and capacitance measurements are used to demonstrate the new lipoates molecules. Moreover precursor layers obtained by using Ethylene-glycol alkanethiols offer further improvements in terms of diminished detection errors. Film structure is investigated at the nano-scale to justify the detection improvements in terms of probe surface quality. This study demonstrates the superiority of lipoate and Ethylene-glycol molecules as blocking candidates when immobilizing molecular probes onto spot surfaces in label-free DNA biochip.","PeriodicalId":246540,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Workshop on Advances in sensors and Interfaces","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128854483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-25DOI: 10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184794
P. Vàzquez, M. Dimaki, W. Svendsen
This work is dedicated to developing a novel three dimensional structure for electrochemical measurements in neuronal studies. The final prototype will allow not only for the study and culture on chip of neuronal cells, but also of brain tissue.
{"title":"Metallization of high aspect ratio, out of plane structures","authors":"P. Vàzquez, M. Dimaki, W. Svendsen","doi":"10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184794","url":null,"abstract":"This work is dedicated to developing a novel three dimensional structure for electrochemical measurements in neuronal studies. The final prototype will allow not only for the study and culture on chip of neuronal cells, but also of brain tissue.","PeriodicalId":246540,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Workshop on Advances in sensors and Interfaces","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128863568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-25DOI: 10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184761
L. Colaianni, S. Kung, D. Taggart, V. De Giorgio, J. Greaves, N. Cioffi, R. Penner
Nanowire fabrication methods are usually classified either as ‘top down’, including for example photo- or electron beam-lithography, or ‘bottom up’, involving the synthesis of nanowires from smaller precursors. Lithographically patterned nanowire electrodeposition (LPNE) combines the attributes of the photolithography approach with the versatility of bottom-up electrodeposition methods. In the present study, gold nanowires (Au-NWs) have been electrodeposited using LPNE. The nanomaterials have been then subjected to a spectroscopic and morphological characterization by means of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Finally, Au-NWs have been successfully used as desorption/ionization promoters for the Laser-Induced Desorption-Ionization Mass Spectrometry (LDI-MS) detection of low-molecular weight analytes, such as amino acids and peptides.
{"title":"Gold nanowires: Deposition, characterization and application to the Mass Spectrometry detection of low-molecular weight analytes","authors":"L. Colaianni, S. Kung, D. Taggart, V. De Giorgio, J. Greaves, N. Cioffi, R. Penner","doi":"10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184761","url":null,"abstract":"Nanowire fabrication methods are usually classified either as ‘top down’, including for example photo- or electron beam-lithography, or ‘bottom up’, involving the synthesis of nanowires from smaller precursors. Lithographically patterned nanowire electrodeposition (LPNE) combines the attributes of the photolithography approach with the versatility of bottom-up electrodeposition methods. In the present study, gold nanowires (Au-NWs) have been electrodeposited using LPNE. The nanomaterials have been then subjected to a spectroscopic and morphological characterization by means of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Finally, Au-NWs have been successfully used as desorption/ionization promoters for the Laser-Induced Desorption-Ionization Mass Spectrometry (LDI-MS) detection of low-molecular weight analytes, such as amino acids and peptides.","PeriodicalId":246540,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Workshop on Advances in sensors and Interfaces","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126961679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-25DOI: 10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184773
G. Gielen
Sensor interfaces are a crucial and power-hungry part in many applications. Research is therefore needed to look for alternative solutions that reduce the power consumption of the interfaces while achieving the targetedaccuracy and speed requirements. This invited talk reviews both existing and novel design solutions, based on both voltage-mode and time-mode signal processing. This is illustrated with some examples from automotive and other applications.
{"title":"Low-power sensor interfaces","authors":"G. Gielen","doi":"10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184773","url":null,"abstract":"Sensor interfaces are a crucial and power-hungry part in many applications. Research is therefore needed to look for alternative solutions that reduce the power consumption of the interfaces while achieving the targetedaccuracy and speed requirements. This invited talk reviews both existing and novel design solutions, based on both voltage-mode and time-mode signal processing. This is illustrated with some examples from automotive and other applications.","PeriodicalId":246540,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Workshop on Advances in sensors and Interfaces","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122379682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-25DOI: 10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184781
G. Costantini, M. Todisco, R. Perfetti
We propose a novel sensor interface for detecting notes in the musical audio signals, particularly with reference to polyphonic music of percussive pitched musical instruments.
我们提出了一种新的传感器接口，用于检测音乐音频信号中的音符，特别是涉及打击音高乐器的复调音乐。
{"title":"A novel sensor interface for detecting musical notes of percussive pitched instruments","authors":"G. Costantini, M. Todisco, R. Perfetti","doi":"10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184781","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a novel sensor interface for detecting notes in the musical audio signals, particularly with reference to polyphonic music of percussive pitched musical instruments.","PeriodicalId":246540,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Workshop on Advances in sensors and Interfaces","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116133918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-25DOI: 10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184789
A. De Marcellis, C. Di Carlo, G. Ferri, V. Stornelli
In this paper we present a novel general purpose current mode (CM) solution for the interfacing of capacitive sensors. The designed circuit, which utilizes only two second generation current conveyors (CCIIs) as active blocks, allows to detect, through a capacitance-to-time conversion (C-T), capacitive values as well as their variations (also lower than 1pF) both in a small and a wide range. Its main operation is based on a current differentiation, instead of voltage integration, typical of interfaces developed in the voltage-mode approach. The proposed circuit, which does not need any initial calibration, has been designed as integrated solution at transistor level in a standard CMOS 0.35µm technology. Waiting for the chip fabrication, preliminary experimental results have been performed through a discrete-component board and sample capacitors and resistors. Both simulation and experimental results have shown low percentage errors and a good agreement with theoretical expectations for more than five frequency decades. The system sensitivity has been set to about 1.8µs/pF.
{"title":"A novel general purpose current mode oscillating circuit for the read-out of capacitive sensors","authors":"A. De Marcellis, C. Di Carlo, G. Ferri, V. Stornelli","doi":"10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184789","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present a novel general purpose current mode (CM) solution for the interfacing of capacitive sensors. The designed circuit, which utilizes only two second generation current conveyors (CCIIs) as active blocks, allows to detect, through a capacitance-to-time conversion (C-T), capacitive values as well as their variations (also lower than 1pF) both in a small and a wide range. Its main operation is based on a current differentiation, instead of voltage integration, typical of interfaces developed in the voltage-mode approach. The proposed circuit, which does not need any initial calibration, has been designed as integrated solution at transistor level in a standard CMOS 0.35µm technology. Waiting for the chip fabrication, preliminary experimental results have been performed through a discrete-component board and sample capacitors and resistors. Both simulation and experimental results have shown low percentage errors and a good agreement with theoretical expectations for more than five frequency decades. The system sensitivity has been set to about 1.8µs/pF.","PeriodicalId":246540,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Workshop on Advances in sensors and Interfaces","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125341255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-25DOI: 10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184780
D. De Venuto, D. Castro, Youri Ponomarev, E. Stikvoort
Design strategies for power effective and high resolution Successive-Approximation ADCs for autonomous multi-sensor systems are discussed. Specifically, an optimisation for lowest possible power consumption of comparators is addressed and evaluated using both simulations and measurements of a fabricated Si test-chip. The proposed design solution is capable to provide a 12-bit resolution at 50-kHz with only 0.1uW power consumption on a 1.2-V supply. The achieved Figure-of-Merit is 165 ƒJ/convertion-step is, to our knowledge, the best ever reported. The complete ADC area is 0.35 mm2 in NXP 0.14um CMOS technology with only three metal layers.
{"title":"Low power 12-bit SAR ADC for autonomous wireless sensors network interface","authors":"D. De Venuto, D. Castro, Youri Ponomarev, E. Stikvoort","doi":"10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184780","url":null,"abstract":"Design strategies for power effective and high resolution Successive-Approximation ADCs for autonomous multi-sensor systems are discussed. Specifically, an optimisation for lowest possible power consumption of comparators is addressed and evaluated using both simulations and measurements of a fabricated Si test-chip. The proposed design solution is capable to provide a 12-bit resolution at 50-kHz with only 0.1uW power consumption on a 1.2-V supply. The achieved Figure-of-Merit is 165 ƒJ/convertion-step is, to our knowledge, the best ever reported. The complete ADC area is 0.35 mm2 in NXP 0.14um CMOS technology with only three metal layers.","PeriodicalId":246540,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Workshop on Advances in sensors and Interfaces","volume":"400 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122795234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-25DOI: 10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184768
M. Ambrosio, C. Aramo, V. Carillo, A. Ambrosio, F. Guarino, P. Maddalena, E. Esposito, V. Grossi, M. Passacantando, S. Santucci, A. Valentini
The transition from macro to micro-sensor systems in the last decades has been made possible by the use of silicon and by development of micro-technology. Semiconductors opened the door to the realization of sensors based on Very Large Scale Integration Systems in which the external information is transduced into an electrical signal managed directly inside the micro-devices by the use of microelectronics. Up to now, the most powerful integrated systems may be considered the Medipix chip for medical imaging and avalanche photodiodes operated in Geiger mode (SiPMs) for photon radiation detection.
{"title":"Nano-materials and nano-technologies for novel photon detection systems","authors":"M. Ambrosio, C. Aramo, V. Carillo, A. Ambrosio, F. Guarino, P. Maddalena, E. Esposito, V. Grossi, M. Passacantando, S. Santucci, A. Valentini","doi":"10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184768","url":null,"abstract":"The transition from macro to micro-sensor systems in the last decades has been made possible by the use of silicon and by development of micro-technology. Semiconductors opened the door to the realization of sensors based on Very Large Scale Integration Systems in which the external information is transduced into an electrical signal managed directly inside the micro-devices by the use of microelectronics. Up to now, the most powerful integrated systems may be considered the Medipix chip for medical imaging and avalanche photodiodes operated in Geiger mode (SiPMs) for photon radiation detection.","PeriodicalId":246540,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Workshop on Advances in sensors and Interfaces","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128255027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-25DOI: 10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184783
M. Belleville, H. Fanet, P. Fiorini, P. Nicole, Marcel J. M. Pelgrom, C. Piguet, R. Hahn, C. van Hoof, R. Vullers, M. Tartagni, E. Cantatore
Recent years have seen a strong focus of the IC research community towards increasing the energy efficiency of electronic systems. This continued effort has involved all kinds of electronic functions: DSPs (reaching the 10µW/MMAC according Gene's law), data converters (the FOM of recent ADCs is better than 50fJ/conversion), radios (reaching the level of 3nJ per received-transmitted bit).
{"title":"Energy autonomous sensor systems: State and perspectives of a ubiquitous sensor technology","authors":"M. Belleville, H. Fanet, P. Fiorini, P. Nicole, Marcel J. M. Pelgrom, C. Piguet, R. Hahn, C. van Hoof, R. Vullers, M. Tartagni, E. Cantatore","doi":"10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWASI.2009.5184783","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years have seen a strong focus of the IC research community towards increasing the energy efficiency of electronic systems. This continued effort has involved all kinds of electronic functions: DSPs (reaching the 10µW/MMAC according Gene's law), data converters (the FOM of recent ADCs is better than 50fJ/conversion), radios (reaching the level of 3nJ per received-transmitted bit).","PeriodicalId":246540,"journal":{"name":"2009 3rd International Workshop on Advances in sensors and Interfaces","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129533807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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