Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ppc.2017.8291249
J. Rodziewicz, M. Blumenschein, E. Carlier, L. Ducimetière, G. Gräwer, V. Senaj, P. van Trappen
In order to prevent uncontrolled beam losses in the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN, which can cause thermal and radiation damages to machine components, an internal beam dumping system is used. Upgraded layout will consists of three fast pulsed magnets which deflect the circulating beam vertically and three that sweep it in horizontal axis onto an absorber block within one accelerator revolution. The excitation current for each magnet is generated by the discharge of a Pulse Forming Network (PFN) through the magnet into a matched terminating resistor. As triggering circuits are one of the most critical components that will determine the global performance of a pulsed power system, a matched triggering system with the stacks of FHCT (Fast High Current Thyristors) has been developed with the objectives to improve the switching performance. The baseline triggering solution will be discussed in this paper with few alternative solutions that have been evaluated during prototyping such as pulse compression or the use of a laser activated thyristor. Power switches identified for this application are briefly described and compared in terms of performance. The limiting factors of the different switching techniques are highlighted in this comparative review.
{"title":"Options to upgrade the triggering system of the SPS beam dumping system at CERN","authors":"J. Rodziewicz, M. Blumenschein, E. Carlier, L. Ducimetière, G. Gräwer, V. Senaj, P. van Trappen","doi":"10.1109/ppc.2017.8291249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ppc.2017.8291249","url":null,"abstract":"In order to prevent uncontrolled beam losses in the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN, which can cause thermal and radiation damages to machine components, an internal beam dumping system is used. Upgraded layout will consists of three fast pulsed magnets which deflect the circulating beam vertically and three that sweep it in horizontal axis onto an absorber block within one accelerator revolution. The excitation current for each magnet is generated by the discharge of a Pulse Forming Network (PFN) through the magnet into a matched terminating resistor. As triggering circuits are one of the most critical components that will determine the global performance of a pulsed power system, a matched triggering system with the stacks of FHCT (Fast High Current Thyristors) has been developed with the objectives to improve the switching performance. The baseline triggering solution will be discussed in this paper with few alternative solutions that have been evaluated during prototyping such as pulse compression or the use of a laser activated thyristor. Power switches identified for this application are briefly described and compared in terms of performance. The limiting factors of the different switching techniques are highlighted in this comparative review.","PeriodicalId":247019,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 21st International Conference on Pulsed Power (PPC)","volume":"66 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123137436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPC.2017.8291164
F. Song, X. Jin, F. Li, B. Z. Zhang, G. P. Wang, C. Li, Y. Gan, H. Gong
We report on the design of a compact and repetitive pulsed e-beam source. This pulsed e-beam source, which can work stably for long time, was built based on Marx technology. The designed output voltage, current, pulse width and repetition frequency of this e-beam source is 1 MV, 20 kA, 180 ns and 1∼50 Hz, respectively. In contrast, the volume and weight of this source is limited to 2.5 m3 and 2.2 ton. The energy density of a pulse forming network model in this source attains 23 kJm−3. When working at single shots, this e-beam source gives an output voltage of 0.98 MV, current of 19.6 kA and power of approximate 19.2 GW. On the other hand, this e-beam source realizes an output voltage of 0.9 MV, current 18 kA and power 16.2 GW at a repetition frequency of 30 Hz. The source works very stable, with a jitter of 6 ns.
{"title":"Design of compact and repetitive pulsed e-beam source","authors":"F. Song, X. Jin, F. Li, B. Z. Zhang, G. P. Wang, C. Li, Y. Gan, H. Gong","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2017.8291164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2017.8291164","url":null,"abstract":"We report on the design of a compact and repetitive pulsed e-beam source. This pulsed e-beam source, which can work stably for long time, was built based on Marx technology. The designed output voltage, current, pulse width and repetition frequency of this e-beam source is 1 MV, 20 kA, 180 ns and 1∼50 Hz, respectively. In contrast, the volume and weight of this source is limited to 2.5 m3 and 2.2 ton. The energy density of a pulse forming network model in this source attains 23 kJm−3. When working at single shots, this e-beam source gives an output voltage of 0.98 MV, current of 19.6 kA and power of approximate 19.2 GW. On the other hand, this e-beam source realizes an output voltage of 0.9 MV, current 18 kA and power 16.2 GW at a repetition frequency of 30 Hz. The source works very stable, with a jitter of 6 ns.","PeriodicalId":247019,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 21st International Conference on Pulsed Power (PPC)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126408859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPC.2017.8291219
T. Ren, H. Ding, Y. Xu, Z. Zhao, Y. Huang, J. Zhou, L. Chen
At Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center (WHMFC), long-pulsed magnetic field with 50 T/100 ms flat-top has been produced and 100 T pulse magnetic field is under commissioning by utilizing a 100 MVA/100 MJ pulsed generator and two 67.5 MW converter modules. In this high power occasion, the voltages undergo harmonics, notches, amplitude variation, frequency fluctuation and phase step. Synchronization method with fast dynamics, excellent harmonics rejection and smooth time-domain response is expected, which is difficult for synchronous reference frame PLL (SRF-PLL). Therefore the paper presents a synchronization method based on compensation of phase deviation. The phase of voltages, which is achieved by compensating phase of a given rotating dq reference frame with filtered phase deviation, is open-loop computed directly. The attributes are the fact that its dynamics free from the input vector amplitude, better harmonics rejection/dynamics tradeoff and smoother time domain response. Comparative experiments are performed between the proposed method and SRF-PLL.
{"title":"A new open-loop synchronization method based on compensation of phase deviation for pulsed generator converter","authors":"T. Ren, H. Ding, Y. Xu, Z. Zhao, Y. Huang, J. Zhou, L. Chen","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2017.8291219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2017.8291219","url":null,"abstract":"At Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center (WHMFC), long-pulsed magnetic field with 50 T/100 ms flat-top has been produced and 100 T pulse magnetic field is under commissioning by utilizing a 100 MVA/100 MJ pulsed generator and two 67.5 MW converter modules. In this high power occasion, the voltages undergo harmonics, notches, amplitude variation, frequency fluctuation and phase step. Synchronization method with fast dynamics, excellent harmonics rejection and smooth time-domain response is expected, which is difficult for synchronous reference frame PLL (SRF-PLL). Therefore the paper presents a synchronization method based on compensation of phase deviation. The phase of voltages, which is achieved by compensating phase of a given rotating dq reference frame with filtered phase deviation, is open-loop computed directly. The attributes are the fact that its dynamics free from the input vector amplitude, better harmonics rejection/dynamics tradeoff and smoother time domain response. Comparative experiments are performed between the proposed method and SRF-PLL.","PeriodicalId":247019,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 21st International Conference on Pulsed Power (PPC)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127404255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPC.2017.8291263
T. Bearpark, P. White
This paper describes an investigation into the performance of spark gaps with hydrogen-nitrogen, hydrogen-argon and hydrogen-only gas fills. Spark gaps were operated in both self-break and triggered modes of operation to quantify the self-break voltage and trigger voltage characteristics as a function of gas mixture and repetition rate. From these the gas recovery time was determined. An un-triggered spark gap was operated and the self-break voltage measured over a range of pressures and pulse repetition rates from 1Hz to 1,000Hz for each of the different gases. For operation in triggered mode, the required trigger voltage was measured for different pressures across a range of pulse repetition rates for the different gas mixtures.
{"title":"Performance characteristics of spark gaps with hydrogen-nitrogen & hydrogenargon gas mixtures","authors":"T. Bearpark, P. White","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2017.8291263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2017.8291263","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an investigation into the performance of spark gaps with hydrogen-nitrogen, hydrogen-argon and hydrogen-only gas fills. Spark gaps were operated in both self-break and triggered modes of operation to quantify the self-break voltage and trigger voltage characteristics as a function of gas mixture and repetition rate. From these the gas recovery time was determined. An un-triggered spark gap was operated and the self-break voltage measured over a range of pressures and pulse repetition rates from 1Hz to 1,000Hz for each of the different gases. For operation in triggered mode, the required trigger voltage was measured for different pressures across a range of pulse repetition rates for the different gas mixtures.","PeriodicalId":247019,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 21st International Conference on Pulsed Power (PPC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129207227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPC.2017.8291097
S. Tkachenko, E. V. Grabovskiĭ, A. V. Branitskii, I. Frolov, A. Gribov, A. Gritsuk, K. Mitrofanov, Y. Laukhin, G. M. Oleinik, A. Shishlov
The experimental and numerical study of the evolution of the aluminum and steel flyers under flowing of submicrosecond megaampere current pulse with linear current density up to 5 MA/cm through it was carried out. It was obtained that during hundreds nanoseconds the substance of the aluminum flyer near its working surface is in the solid state, and the velocity of the surface can reached ∼ 10 km/s.
{"title":"Flyer acceleration on angara-5-1 installation","authors":"S. Tkachenko, E. V. Grabovskiĭ, A. V. Branitskii, I. Frolov, A. Gribov, A. Gritsuk, K. Mitrofanov, Y. Laukhin, G. M. Oleinik, A. Shishlov","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2017.8291097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2017.8291097","url":null,"abstract":"The experimental and numerical study of the evolution of the aluminum and steel flyers under flowing of submicrosecond megaampere current pulse with linear current density up to 5 MA/cm through it was carried out. It was obtained that during hundreds nanoseconds the substance of the aluminum flyer near its working surface is in the solid state, and the velocity of the surface can reached ∼ 10 km/s.","PeriodicalId":247019,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 21st International Conference on Pulsed Power (PPC)","volume":"221 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116763220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPC.2017.8291092
Hong-jun Xiang, Bin Lei, Xi-chao Yuan, Q. Lv, Qian Zhang
The effective treatment of the industrial wastewater is very significant to the protection of our environment. The system of wastewater treatment based on pulsed discharge plasma provides a new way for the disposal of industrial wastewater. However, the traditional reactor cannot meet the demand of degradation rate and the treatment efficiency. In order to improve the degradation rate and disposal efficiency of the wastewater, a solid-liquid-gas (SLG) three-state reactor for the high voltage pulsed discharge plasma system is put forward, and then the working principle of the reactor is introduced. Furthermore, a simulation model of the reactor is built. After that the electric field distribution of the SLG reactor is analyzed by numerical simulation. The contrast between the traditional reactor and the SLG reactor is carried out. Furthermore, the effect of the voltage and the diameter of the solid ball in the reactor are analyzed. It can be seen from the results of the analysis that the SLG reactor of the wastewater treatment system based on the high voltage pulsed discharge plasma has better effect than two-state reactors. The conclusion that the discharge voltage has great effect on the disposal efficiency can also be drawn. Meanwhile, the diameter of the solid packing can affect the distribution of the electric field. The research results are very important to the application of the SLG reactor in the wastewater treatment system.
{"title":"Analysis of three-state reactor in the industrial wastewater treatment system based on pulsed discharge plasma","authors":"Hong-jun Xiang, Bin Lei, Xi-chao Yuan, Q. Lv, Qian Zhang","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2017.8291092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2017.8291092","url":null,"abstract":"The effective treatment of the industrial wastewater is very significant to the protection of our environment. The system of wastewater treatment based on pulsed discharge plasma provides a new way for the disposal of industrial wastewater. However, the traditional reactor cannot meet the demand of degradation rate and the treatment efficiency. In order to improve the degradation rate and disposal efficiency of the wastewater, a solid-liquid-gas (SLG) three-state reactor for the high voltage pulsed discharge plasma system is put forward, and then the working principle of the reactor is introduced. Furthermore, a simulation model of the reactor is built. After that the electric field distribution of the SLG reactor is analyzed by numerical simulation. The contrast between the traditional reactor and the SLG reactor is carried out. Furthermore, the effect of the voltage and the diameter of the solid ball in the reactor are analyzed. It can be seen from the results of the analysis that the SLG reactor of the wastewater treatment system based on the high voltage pulsed discharge plasma has better effect than two-state reactors. The conclusion that the discharge voltage has great effect on the disposal efficiency can also be drawn. Meanwhile, the diameter of the solid packing can affect the distribution of the electric field. The research results are very important to the application of the SLG reactor in the wastewater treatment system.","PeriodicalId":247019,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 21st International Conference on Pulsed Power (PPC)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126683188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPC.2017.8291265
T. Bearpark, P. White, N. Seddon, J. E. Dolan
The performance of a triggered spark-gap has been investigated in which the gas and electrodes are illuminated with UV. A test circuit was produced in which the intensity and relative timing of the UV could be adjusted. The effect that this had on the voltage required to trigger the spark-gap was measured. It was demonstrated that the presence of UV reduces the required trigger voltage to initiate the closure of the spark-gap. The pulse to pulse variation of this trigger voltage is also decreased in the presence of UV. It was also shown that the relative timing between the application of the trigger pulse and the UV illumination has a marked effect on the triggering of the spark-gap. Lastly a drive circuit has been developed which selftimes the UV illumination of the spark-gap when the trigger pulse is applied and sustains the generation of UV for the duration of the trigger pulse. Results are presented demonstrating the improvement seen as a result of these design modifications.
{"title":"Characterisation of a triggered mid-plane spark gap with UV illumination","authors":"T. Bearpark, P. White, N. Seddon, J. E. Dolan","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2017.8291265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2017.8291265","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of a triggered spark-gap has been investigated in which the gas and electrodes are illuminated with UV. A test circuit was produced in which the intensity and relative timing of the UV could be adjusted. The effect that this had on the voltage required to trigger the spark-gap was measured. It was demonstrated that the presence of UV reduces the required trigger voltage to initiate the closure of the spark-gap. The pulse to pulse variation of this trigger voltage is also decreased in the presence of UV. It was also shown that the relative timing between the application of the trigger pulse and the UV illumination has a marked effect on the triggering of the spark-gap. Lastly a drive circuit has been developed which selftimes the UV illumination of the spark-gap when the trigger pulse is applied and sustains the generation of UV for the duration of the trigger pulse. Results are presented demonstrating the improvement seen as a result of these design modifications.","PeriodicalId":247019,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 21st International Conference on Pulsed Power (PPC)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126999541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPC.2017.8291271
C. Rose, M. Crawford, G. Dale, K. Dighe, J. Johnson, B. Mccuistian, J. Taccetti
The Dual-Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test (DARHT) facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) uses two, linear-induction accelerators (LIAs) for flash, x-ray radiography of hydrodynamic tests. The Axis-I LIA uses a single, beam pulse of 60 ns, 20 MeV, and 2 kA. The Axis-II LIA uses a long beam pulse, and a kicker to generate four radiation pulses. The National Nuclear Security Agency (NNSA) is planning a new, multi-pulse, single-axis, electron LIA for hydrodynamic experiments. One method for generating multiple, beam pulses on a single axis, without a kicker, is to multi pulse the injector and each accelerator cell. Diode-isolated Blumleins are being considered as the pulsed-power drivers for the accelerator cells. On DARHT Axis-I, the Blumleins are dc connected to the cells such that when they are charged, the connected cells' magnetic cores are also preset. With diodes in the circuit, this dc path is not available. This paper describes the 300-kV, diode-isolated Blumlein concept, performance requirements, Blumlein charging options, core preset methods, and circuit simulation results.
{"title":"Multi-pulse diode-isolated-Blumlein induction-cell drivers","authors":"C. Rose, M. Crawford, G. Dale, K. Dighe, J. Johnson, B. Mccuistian, J. Taccetti","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2017.8291271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2017.8291271","url":null,"abstract":"The Dual-Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test (DARHT) facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) uses two, linear-induction accelerators (LIAs) for flash, x-ray radiography of hydrodynamic tests. The Axis-I LIA uses a single, beam pulse of 60 ns, 20 MeV, and 2 kA. The Axis-II LIA uses a long beam pulse, and a kicker to generate four radiation pulses. The National Nuclear Security Agency (NNSA) is planning a new, multi-pulse, single-axis, electron LIA for hydrodynamic experiments. One method for generating multiple, beam pulses on a single axis, without a kicker, is to multi pulse the injector and each accelerator cell. Diode-isolated Blumleins are being considered as the pulsed-power drivers for the accelerator cells. On DARHT Axis-I, the Blumleins are dc connected to the cells such that when they are charged, the connected cells' magnetic cores are also preset. With diodes in the circuit, this dc path is not available. This paper describes the 300-kV, diode-isolated Blumlein concept, performance requirements, Blumlein charging options, core preset methods, and circuit simulation results.","PeriodicalId":247019,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 21st International Conference on Pulsed Power (PPC)","volume":"249 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131412945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPC.2017.8291163
F. Qin, L. Lei, S. Xu, C. Li, D. Wang
Experimental results of an L band all cavity axial extraction relativistic magnetron (RM) working at 1.57 GHz is presented. In this 6-cavity RM configuration, microwave from two adjacent cavities is coupled into an axially oriented coaxial sector waveguide through radial slots on the cavities. This configuration is more compact because only three sector waveguides are added outside the magnetron cavity without increasing the radial dimension significantly. Simulation results reveal that this tube could generate a microwave power of 700 MW at the frequency of 1.57 GHz, corresponding to a power conversion efficiency of 50% when employing an electron beam of 350 kV and 4.0 kA. This tube is tested on a compact Marx generator in our lab. In experiment, this tube could generate a microwave power of over 500 MW at 1.57 GHz when employing guiding magnetic field of 0.22 T and input beam voltage of 345 kV and current of 4.8 kA, with a corresponding efficiency of about 30%. Experimental results reveal that this tube is a preferred configuration for a compact relativistic magnetron with relatively high power conversion efficiency.
{"title":"Experimental investigation of an l band all cavity axial extraction relativistic magnetron","authors":"F. Qin, L. Lei, S. Xu, C. Li, D. Wang","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2017.8291163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2017.8291163","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental results of an L band all cavity axial extraction relativistic magnetron (RM) working at 1.57 GHz is presented. In this 6-cavity RM configuration, microwave from two adjacent cavities is coupled into an axially oriented coaxial sector waveguide through radial slots on the cavities. This configuration is more compact because only three sector waveguides are added outside the magnetron cavity without increasing the radial dimension significantly. Simulation results reveal that this tube could generate a microwave power of 700 MW at the frequency of 1.57 GHz, corresponding to a power conversion efficiency of 50% when employing an electron beam of 350 kV and 4.0 kA. This tube is tested on a compact Marx generator in our lab. In experiment, this tube could generate a microwave power of over 500 MW at 1.57 GHz when employing guiding magnetic field of 0.22 T and input beam voltage of 345 kV and current of 4.8 kA, with a corresponding efficiency of about 30%. Experimental results reveal that this tube is a preferred configuration for a compact relativistic magnetron with relatively high power conversion efficiency.","PeriodicalId":247019,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 21st International Conference on Pulsed Power (PPC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130426503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PPC.2017.8291237
Y. Gao, M. Given, M. Wilson, I. Timoshkin, S. Macgregor, T. Wang
The optical and electrical behaviour of surface discharges, caused by the application of 50 Hz sinusoidal voltages in the range of 30 to 45kV, on epoxy based nanocomposites under mineral oil have been measured. The solid nanocomposites used contained either ZnO nano particles at concentrations between 0.1wt% and 3wt% or Al2O3 nanoparticles at 0.1wt% and 0.5wt%. The optical behaviour of the surface discharge has been quantified in terms of: maximum discharge channel length; integrated optical emission and fractal dimension. The behaviour of the surface discharge activity is discussed in terms of the changes in these measured parameters as the applied voltage, the type of nanoparticle and the nanoparticle concentration is varied.
{"title":"The behaviour of surface discharges on a liquid nanocomposite interface","authors":"Y. Gao, M. Given, M. Wilson, I. Timoshkin, S. Macgregor, T. Wang","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2017.8291237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2017.8291237","url":null,"abstract":"The optical and electrical behaviour of surface discharges, caused by the application of 50 Hz sinusoidal voltages in the range of 30 to 45kV, on epoxy based nanocomposites under mineral oil have been measured. The solid nanocomposites used contained either ZnO nano particles at concentrations between 0.1wt% and 3wt% or Al2O3 nanoparticles at 0.1wt% and 0.5wt%. The optical behaviour of the surface discharge has been quantified in terms of: maximum discharge channel length; integrated optical emission and fractal dimension. The behaviour of the surface discharge activity is discussed in terms of the changes in these measured parameters as the applied voltage, the type of nanoparticle and the nanoparticle concentration is varied.","PeriodicalId":247019,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE 21st International Conference on Pulsed Power (PPC)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115129576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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