Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.0202.2022.07
Amer Fawwaz Mohamad Yasid, N. Zulkifli
{"title":"Memahami Sejarah dan Geopolitik Amerika Syarikat di Segi Tiga Emas Thailand: Hubungkait Ketagihan dan Penyeludupan Dadah serta Keselamatan Malaysia","authors":"Amer Fawwaz Mohamad Yasid, N. Zulkifli","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.0202.2022.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.0202.2022.07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116178348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.0202.2022.04
Muhammad Ammar Hisyam, Emma Michelle Lee Yuk Ying As-Shung, Kennimrod Sariburaja, Daniel Ruiz de Garibay
Does Blue Ocean become the perfect mantra for reaching desired developmental goals? Blue Economy is an essential sustainable development framework for coastal and island states who rely on the ocean and marine resources as a source of livelihood. The concept of a Blue Economy merges economic development and conservation for coastal and island states. The Seychelles and Mauritius are two Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in the Western Indian Ocean, faced with economic development and conservation dilemmas. Identifying and understanding the challenges and limitations of Blue Economy for SIDS are required to understand the vulnerability of those nations, which is essential to the future outcomes of sustainable development in the Seychelles and Mauritius. Adopting library research methods and online focus group conversations with different stakeholders in both countries, and over two years, during pre-and post-Covid lockdown periods, provide this paper with fascinating findings. Further identification and understanding of vulnerability, overcoming challenge and paradox of Blue Economic ideals in these two cases of SDIS refine the authors’ scepticism upon the myth of the SDG. The authors’ preliminary findings explain the difficulty of the Covid-19 pandemic in allowing both states to realise their SDG targets.
{"title":"Against All Odds? Blue Economy and Blue Ocean Maritime Strategy In Seychelles and Mauritius","authors":"Muhammad Ammar Hisyam, Emma Michelle Lee Yuk Ying As-Shung, Kennimrod Sariburaja, Daniel Ruiz de Garibay","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.0202.2022.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.0202.2022.04","url":null,"abstract":"Does Blue Ocean become the perfect mantra for reaching desired developmental goals? Blue Economy is an essential sustainable development framework for coastal and island states who rely on the ocean and marine resources as a source of livelihood. The concept of a Blue Economy merges economic development and conservation for coastal and island states. The Seychelles and Mauritius are two Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in the Western Indian Ocean, faced with economic development and conservation dilemmas. Identifying and understanding the challenges and limitations of Blue Economy for SIDS are required to understand the vulnerability of those nations, which is essential to the future outcomes of sustainable development in the Seychelles and Mauritius. Adopting library research methods and online focus group conversations with different stakeholders in both countries, and over two years, during pre-and post-Covid lockdown periods, provide this paper with fascinating findings. Further identification and understanding of vulnerability, overcoming challenge and paradox of Blue Economic ideals in these two cases of SDIS refine the authors’ scepticism upon the myth of the SDG. The authors’ preliminary findings explain the difficulty of the Covid-19 pandemic in allowing both states to realise their SDG targets.","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123304280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.0202.2022.03
I. Khan
For years, the insecurity and violence against women in many parts of Pakistan have magnified the danger of the prevalent worldview of strong and protective men. In contrast, women are weak and protected by men. Inevitable victimisation and powerless women are counterproductive since women are central to the community's household institution. This paper explores local community peacebuilding initiatives of women's first Jirga by a local activist Tabassum Adnan in Pakistan's Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Exploring women's Jirga as an agency of regional and gendered peace formation in a salient patriarchal Pakhtun worldview underscores women's security and gendered Peace perspective in recognising the need to consider the missing systemic and unpeaceful change and transformation in contemporary Pakistan and South Asia. Adopting qualitative methods of Feminist Peace research unravels the potential and pitfalls of how women can embark upon alternative dispute resolutions (ADR) when patriarchal conceptualisations of conflict resolution prevent their active participation. Findings show multidimensional links between local community peace and global systemic and peaceful transformation of international relations (IR). Recognising the transformative roles of women in overcoming GBV is a critical transnational shift from the past and minimal human rights protection of women to the present and maximal recognition of women as emancipatory agents of peace.
{"title":"From Violent Victims to Emancipatory Agency of Peace: Exploring Female Jirga as Local Gendered Peace Formation and Community Peacebuilding in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","authors":"I. Khan","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.0202.2022.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.0202.2022.03","url":null,"abstract":"For years, the insecurity and violence against women in many parts of Pakistan have magnified the danger of the prevalent worldview of strong and protective men. In contrast, women are weak and protected by men. Inevitable victimisation and powerless women are counterproductive since women are central to the community's household institution. This paper explores local community peacebuilding initiatives of women's first Jirga by a local activist Tabassum Adnan in Pakistan's Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Exploring women's Jirga as an agency of regional and gendered peace formation in a salient patriarchal Pakhtun worldview underscores women's security and gendered Peace perspective in recognising the need to consider the missing systemic and unpeaceful change and transformation in contemporary Pakistan and South Asia. Adopting qualitative methods of Feminist Peace research unravels the potential and pitfalls of how women can embark upon alternative dispute resolutions (ADR) when patriarchal conceptualisations of conflict resolution prevent their active participation. Findings show multidimensional links between local community peace and global systemic and peaceful transformation of international relations (IR). Recognising the transformative roles of women in overcoming GBV is a critical transnational shift from the past and minimal human rights protection of women to the present and maximal recognition of women as emancipatory agents of peace.","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132672949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.0202.2022.02
Mohd Firdaus A. J.
Existing literature on peace, security and civil-military relations in Latin America only recently recognises the historical institutional sources of Costa Rican exceptionalism. While the Cold War's security predicament and the military dictatorship are common antecedents for most Central American states, Costa Rican demilitarisation and pacifism origins are unique and incomparable. Rather than treating post-1948 civil war development as exceptionalism, this paper seeks to normalise their success. The paper examines the political development of Costa Ricans in the 1950s and whether José María Hipólito Figueres Ferrer's historic decision to permanently abolish the military after the war helped to explain the institutionalisation process of organic civilian peace. While Costa Rican decisions to abandon its defence rights are always romanticised as "progressive" and an anomaly during the Cold War. The reality of relations between military abolishment, pacifism and democratic peace is multidimensional and complex. To perpetuate illogical pacificism reflections from Costa Rica in the 1950s and prescribes into present arguments for global democratic peace is somewhat imprecise. Drawing from years of research on Security in Latin America, this article reinvigorates Costa Rican exceptionalism. It analyses the cultivation of pacificism of those that have made the right choices in the face of adverse circumstances. Considering the historical institutional approach in researching local peace history, the paper illustrates a critical juncture that set peculiar peace formation, the path-dependent that ends the war, and the eventual decision to abolish the military in Costa Rica. The path dependence on national progress in education, health, and productivity only confirmed the unique political trajectory of Costa Rica, wherein they cannot be easily replicated or comparable. Understanding this distinctiveness should serve as a reminder of any renewed debate of Costa Rican exceptionalism in Central American security or democratic peace theory in liberal peacebuilding.
关于拉丁美洲和平、安全和军民关系的现有文献直到最近才认识到哥斯达黎加例外论的历史制度根源。虽然冷战的安全困境和军事独裁是大多数中美洲国家的共同先例，但哥斯达黎加的非军事化和和平主义起源是独特和无与伦比的。本文并没有将1948年内战后的发展视为例外主义，而是试图将它们的成功正常化。本文考察了哥斯达黎加在20世纪50年代的政治发展，以及joses María Hipólito菲格雷斯·费雷尔在战后永久废除军队的历史性决定是否有助于解释有机平民和平的制度化过程。哥斯达黎加放弃国防权利的决定总是被浪漫化为“进步”，是冷战时期的一种反常现象。废除军事、和平主义和民主和平之间关系的现实是多方面的和复杂的。将1950年代哥斯达黎加不合逻辑的和平主义思想延续下去，并将其套用到目前全球民主和平的论点中，多少有些不准确。根据多年来对拉丁美洲安全问题的研究，这篇文章重振了哥斯达黎加的例外论。它分析了在面对不利环境时做出正确选择的国家如何培养和平主义。考虑到研究当地和平史的历史制度方法，本文说明了哥斯达黎加特殊和平形成的关键时刻，结束战争的路径依赖，以及最终决定废除军队。对国家在教育、卫生和生产力方面进步的路径依赖只证实了哥斯达黎加独特的政治轨迹，这种轨迹不容易复制或比较。理解这一特殊性应该提醒人们注意任何关于中美洲安全中的哥斯达黎加例外论或自由建设和平中的民主和平理论的新辩论。
{"title":"Abolishing Military and Cultivating Pacifism in Costa Rica: Reflective but Limited Peace?","authors":"Mohd Firdaus A. J.","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.0202.2022.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.0202.2022.02","url":null,"abstract":"Existing literature on peace, security and civil-military relations in Latin America only recently recognises the historical institutional sources of Costa Rican exceptionalism. While the Cold War's security predicament and the military dictatorship are common antecedents for most Central American states, Costa Rican demilitarisation and pacifism origins are unique and incomparable. Rather than treating post-1948 civil war development as exceptionalism, this paper seeks to normalise their success. The paper examines the political development of Costa Ricans in the 1950s and whether José María Hipólito Figueres Ferrer's historic decision to permanently abolish the military after the war helped to explain the institutionalisation process of organic civilian peace. While Costa Rican decisions to abandon its defence rights are always romanticised as \"progressive\" and an anomaly during the Cold War. The reality of relations between military abolishment, pacifism and democratic peace is multidimensional and complex. To perpetuate illogical pacificism reflections from Costa Rica in the 1950s and prescribes into present arguments for global democratic peace is somewhat imprecise. Drawing from years of research on Security in Latin America, this article reinvigorates Costa Rican exceptionalism. It analyses the cultivation of pacificism of those that have made the right choices in the face of adverse circumstances. Considering the historical institutional approach in researching local peace history, the paper illustrates a critical juncture that set peculiar peace formation, the path-dependent that ends the war, and the eventual decision to abolish the military in Costa Rica. The path dependence on national progress in education, health, and productivity only confirmed the unique political trajectory of Costa Rica, wherein they cannot be easily replicated or comparable. Understanding this distinctiveness should serve as a reminder of any renewed debate of Costa Rican exceptionalism in Central American security or democratic peace theory in liberal peacebuilding.","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120985278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.0201.2022.07
Ararat Konstanian
{"title":"Reviewing Al Qaeda's Ideology: The Political Organisation of Terrorism","authors":"Ararat Konstanian","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.0201.2022.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.0201.2022.07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"19 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113955427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.0201.2022.01
Z. Othman, Bakri Mat
{"title":"Editorial Note: The State of Malaysian Security and Strategic Studies During Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"Z. Othman, Bakri Mat","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.0201.2022.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.0201.2022.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131841978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.0201.2022.08
N. Sim
{"title":"The Third World Remnant in the Developing World: Malaysia's Post-Pandemic Reality and International Relations of the Global South","authors":"N. Sim","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.0201.2022.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.0201.2022.08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128096349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.0201.2022.03
Mohd Na’eim Ajis, Mohd Ramlan Mohd Arshad, Aizat Khairi
{"title":"Migrasi Antarabangsa dan Polisi Awam: Kajian Terhadap Proses Penggubalan Dasar Pekerja Asing di Malaysia","authors":"Mohd Na’eim Ajis, Mohd Ramlan Mohd Arshad, Aizat Khairi","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.0201.2022.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.0201.2022.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131872860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.0201.2022.06
R. Razali
{"title":"Amplified Inequalities Among Migrants and Refugees: A Closer Look at Malaysia During the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"R. Razali","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.0201.2022.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.0201.2022.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116772552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.0201.2022.09
Ruhanas Harun
{"title":"Rohingya Survivors: Regional Security Implications of Gender-Based Violence By Zarina Othman, Md. Mahbubul Haque and Bakri Mat, publisher: Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) Press, 2019, 113 pp. ISBN: 978-967-440-605-9","authors":"Ruhanas Harun","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.0201.2022.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.0201.2022.09","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129724996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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