Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.11
Balraj Singh Brar
Southeast Asia refers to a cluster of countries located towards the southeast direction of the Asian peninsula. These nations share several similarities with India, having been adopted from India or brought over by Indians to various Southeast Asian countries. Additionally, both India and Southeast Asian nations share a history of struggling for independence from European powers. This brief commentary will focus on the decolonization struggle and its significance as a freedom movement for various Southeast Asian countries during the Cold War.
{"title":"Southeast Asia: Journey of Freedom Struggle","authors":"Balraj Singh Brar","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.11","url":null,"abstract":"Southeast Asia refers to a cluster of countries located towards the southeast direction of the Asian peninsula. These nations share several similarities with India, having been adopted from India or brought over by Indians to various Southeast Asian countries. Additionally, both India and Southeast Asian nations share a history of struggling for independence from European powers. This brief commentary will focus on the decolonization struggle and its significance as a freedom movement for various Southeast Asian countries during the Cold War.","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130915357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.12
Turan Kayaoglu
Book Review: Islam Beyond Borders: The Umma in World Politics by James Piscatori and Amin Saikal, Cambridge University Press, 2019, 361 pp, ISBN: 1108740553 This book review is written in English. It is a reviewed article on the book written in English and published by the Cambridge University Press undertitled, Islam Beyond Borders: The Umma in World Politics. To access it, please order the printed version or browse the electronic version of this article. The abstract is not available for the book review. Ulasan Buku: Islam Beyond Borders: The Umma in World Politics oleh James Piscatori and Amin Saikal, Cambridge University Press, 2019, M.S. 361, ISBN: 1108740553 Ulasan buku ini ditulis dalam Bahasa Inggeris. Ini merupakan buku yang ditulis dalam Bahasa Inggeris dan diterbitkan oleh Cambridge University Press dengan judulnya, Islam Beyond Borders: The Umma in World Politics. Untuk tujuan mengakses, sila langgan versi bercetak atau layari versi elektronik makalah ini. Abstrak tidak disediakan bagi sesebuah karya ulasan buku.
书评：超越边界的伊斯兰教：詹姆斯-皮斯卡托里（James Piscatori）和阿明-赛卡尔（Amin Saikal）著，剑桥大学出版社2019年版，361页，ISBN：1108740553 本书评以英文撰写。这是一篇关于剑桥大学出版社出版的《超越国界的伊斯兰教》一书的评论文章：世界政治中的乌玛》一书的评论文章。如需查阅，请订购印刷版或浏览本文的电子版。书评不提供摘要。Ulasan Buku：超越国界的伊斯兰教：The Umma in World Politics oleh James Piscatori and Amin Saikal, Cambridge University Press, 2019, M.S. 361, ISBN: 1108740553 Ulasan buku ini ditulis dalam Bahasa Inggeris.该书由剑桥大学出版社出版，书名为《超越国界的伊斯兰教》（Islam Beyond Borders：世界政治中的乌玛》。为了方便读者阅读，我们提供了电子版本。Abstrak tidak disediakan bagi sesebuah karya ulasan buku.
{"title":"Book Review: Islam Beyond Borders: The Umma in World Politics by James Piscatori and Amin Saikal, Cambridge University Press, 2019, 361 pp, ISBN: 1108740553","authors":"Turan Kayaoglu","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.12","url":null,"abstract":"Book Review: Islam Beyond Borders: The Umma in World Politics by James Piscatori and Amin Saikal, Cambridge University Press, 2019, 361 pp, ISBN: 1108740553 This book review is written in English. It is a reviewed article on the book written in English and published by the Cambridge University Press undertitled, Islam Beyond Borders: The Umma in World Politics. To access it, please order the printed version or browse the electronic version of this article. The abstract is not available for the book review. Ulasan Buku: Islam Beyond Borders: The Umma in World Politics oleh James Piscatori and Amin Saikal, Cambridge University Press, 2019, M.S. 361, ISBN: 1108740553 Ulasan buku ini ditulis dalam Bahasa Inggeris. Ini merupakan buku yang ditulis dalam Bahasa Inggeris dan diterbitkan oleh Cambridge University Press dengan judulnya, Islam Beyond Borders: The Umma in World Politics. Untuk tujuan mengakses, sila langgan versi bercetak atau layari versi elektronik makalah ini. Abstrak tidak disediakan bagi sesebuah karya ulasan buku.","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126947119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.si1.2023.01
Ravichandran Mahalingam, Adilah bdul Ghapor, Rudy Kana
Growing research interest and policymaking over the issue of Malaysian security and the human dimension of threats have brought transdisciplinary and transnational engagements in the problem of trafficking. Unpacking salient rudimentary attributes of trafficking, human protection, and humanitarian and human rights improvement can no longer be treated as ivory tower work per se. There is a continuous need to accommodate constructive space for academics, policymakers, and state and non-state actors in the idea exchange of the input- and output processes of our national security policy. This note provides an overview of our editorial work and selection of articles for the publications of this particular issue. We remained indebted to the relevant ministries, universities, funding bodies and non-governmental organisations involved throughout the research and publication process.
{"title":"Trafficking in the Post-Pandemic: Casting Human Security, and Universal Periodical Review in Malaysia","authors":"Ravichandran Mahalingam, Adilah bdul Ghapor, Rudy Kana","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.si1.2023.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.si1.2023.01","url":null,"abstract":"Growing research interest and policymaking over the issue of Malaysian security and the human dimension of threats have brought transdisciplinary and transnational engagements in the problem of trafficking. Unpacking salient rudimentary attributes of trafficking, human protection, and humanitarian and human rights improvement can no longer be treated as ivory tower work per se. There is a continuous need to accommodate constructive space for academics, policymakers, and state and non-state actors in the idea exchange of the input- and output processes of our national security policy. This note provides an overview of our editorial work and selection of articles for the publications of this particular issue. We remained indebted to the relevant ministries, universities, funding bodies and non-governmental organisations involved throughout the research and publication process.","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117224385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.si1.2023.09
Ramli Dollah
Book Review: Food Security Policy and Human Security in Malaysia by Bakri Mat, Zarina Othman and Rashila Ramli, publisher: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Press, 2019, 216 pp. ISBN: 978-967-412-902-6 This book review is written in Bahasa Malaysia. It is a reviewed article on the book written in Bahasa Malaysia and published by the UKM Press undertitled, Food Security Policy and Human Security in Malaysia. To access it, please order the printed version or browse the electronic version of this article. The abstract is not available for the book review.
{"title":"Book Review: Food Security Policy and Human Security in Malaysia by Bakri Mat, Zarina Othman and Rashila Ramli, publisher: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Press, 2019, 216 pp. ISBN: 978-967-412-902-6","authors":"Ramli Dollah","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.si1.2023.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.si1.2023.09","url":null,"abstract":"Book Review: Food Security Policy and Human Security in Malaysia by Bakri Mat, Zarina Othman and Rashila Ramli, publisher: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Press, 2019, 216 pp. ISBN: 978-967-412-902-6 This book review is written in Bahasa Malaysia. It is a reviewed article on the book written in Bahasa Malaysia and published by the UKM Press undertitled, Food Security Policy and Human Security in Malaysia. To access it, please order the printed version or browse the electronic version of this article. The abstract is not available for the book review.","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128296829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.si1.2023.05
Murni Wan Mohd Nor, Syarifah Fatimah AlZahrah Syed Hussien Al-Attas, Lubna Sheikh Ghazali
Malaysians were optimistic after the 14th General Election of 2018 (GE14) was concluded, as freedom of expression was expected to progress significantly under Pakatan Harapan (PH). It was hoped that the era of the “New Malaysia” would result in increased commitment toward realising accepted UPR recommendations. Unfortunately, Malaysia’s political climate has since experienced incidences of uncertainty and instability, which has seen three different Prime Ministers and yet another change in government administration since 2018. This has placed significant challenges on human rights reforms and impeded the process of democratisation. The objective of this study is to evaluate Malaysia’s enforcement of freedom of expression regarding the relevant UPR recommendations. It has identified certain improvements which should be supported and continued, as well as setbacks and restrictions which impede the implementation of fundamental liberties and pose added risks to the democratic rights of all Malaysians.
{"title":"Realising Accepted UPR Recommendations: Challenges and Realities in Malaysia's Commitment to Enforce Freedom of Expression","authors":"Murni Wan Mohd Nor, Syarifah Fatimah AlZahrah Syed Hussien Al-Attas, Lubna Sheikh Ghazali","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.si1.2023.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.si1.2023.05","url":null,"abstract":"Malaysians were optimistic after the 14th General Election of 2018 (GE14) was concluded, as freedom of expression was expected to progress significantly under Pakatan Harapan (PH). It was hoped that the era of the “New Malaysia” would result in increased commitment toward realising accepted UPR recommendations. Unfortunately, Malaysia’s political climate has since experienced incidences of uncertainty and instability, which has seen three different Prime Ministers and yet another change in government administration since 2018. This has placed significant challenges on human rights reforms and impeded the process of democratisation. The objective of this study is to evaluate Malaysia’s enforcement of freedom of expression regarding the relevant UPR recommendations. It has identified certain improvements which should be supported and continued, as well as setbacks and restrictions which impede the implementation of fundamental liberties and pose added risks to the democratic rights of all Malaysians.","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116594340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.si1.2023.04
Andika Wahab, Abd Hamid Abd Murad, Romil Shamsuddin
This study problematises Malaysia's migrant workers' governance by highlighting that while it can address forced labour, it has no jurisdiction over the recruitment process in source countries. This study attempts to persuade that any efforts to eliminate forced labour should address root causes and barriers underpinning it through a comprehensive migration trajectory approach – i.e., pre-recruitment, pre-departure and post-arrival (during employment) stages. This study focuses on the Nepal-Malaysia migration corridor as one of the essential labour migration pathways involving hundreds of thousands of Nepalis employed as temporary, unskilled and low-wage labourers. Findings and subsequent analyses were informed through a workers' survey involving 76 Nepali workers in Malaysia, in-depth interviews with 28 Nepali workers and 13 Nepali community leaders in Malaysia, and five Nepali leaders in Nepal. Though this study specifically covers the Nepal-Malaysia migration corridor, the causes and systemic barriers discussed are highly relevant to other migration corridors (e.g., Indonesia-Malaysia and Bangladesh-Malaysia).
{"title":"Illuminating Causes and Barriers Underpinning Forced Labour in Nepal-Malaysia Migration Corridor","authors":"Andika Wahab, Abd Hamid Abd Murad, Romil Shamsuddin","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.si1.2023.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.si1.2023.04","url":null,"abstract":"This study problematises Malaysia's migrant workers' governance by highlighting that while it can address forced labour, it has no jurisdiction over the recruitment process in source countries. This study attempts to persuade that any efforts to eliminate forced labour should address root causes and barriers underpinning it through a comprehensive migration trajectory approach – i.e., pre-recruitment, pre-departure and post-arrival (during employment) stages. This study focuses on the Nepal-Malaysia migration corridor as one of the essential labour migration pathways involving hundreds of thousands of Nepalis employed as temporary, unskilled and low-wage labourers. Findings and subsequent analyses were informed through a workers' survey involving 76 Nepali workers in Malaysia, in-depth interviews with 28 Nepali workers and 13 Nepali community leaders in Malaysia, and five Nepali leaders in Nepal. Though this study specifically covers the Nepal-Malaysia migration corridor, the causes and systemic barriers discussed are highly relevant to other migration corridors (e.g., Indonesia-Malaysia and Bangladesh-Malaysia).","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117229432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.si1.2023.06
A. Khairi, Mohd Ramlan Mohd Arshad, Mohd Na’eim Ajis
UNHCR as an international UN agency that focuses on helping to deal with international refugee problems has faced bitter challenges as early as the 21st century. This is due to the financial problems faced by UNHCR and also the change in refugee trends as a result of internal conflicts in certain countries. UNHCR's main challenge during this era is to fend off the accusations of the international community in the refugee destination country's negative perception of this group. Thus, UNHCR's approach changes in line with international political currents by strengthening the element of responsibility to protect. This approach is to strengthen the protection of refugees in the country of destination and UNHCR also cooperates with the government in the country of destination in terms of finance, mobilization, registration and resettlement. This effort is seen as potentially helping to deal with the refugee problem collectively and continuously until this issue is successfully resolved comprehensively.
{"title":"Addressing the Refugee Problem in the Early of 21st Century by UNCHR","authors":"A. Khairi, Mohd Ramlan Mohd Arshad, Mohd Na’eim Ajis","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.si1.2023.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.si1.2023.06","url":null,"abstract":"UNHCR as an international UN agency that focuses on helping to deal with international refugee problems has faced bitter challenges as early as the 21st century. This is due to the financial problems faced by UNHCR and also the change in refugee trends as a result of internal conflicts in certain countries. UNHCR's main challenge during this era is to fend off the accusations of the international community in the refugee destination country's negative perception of this group. Thus, UNHCR's approach changes in line with international political currents by strengthening the element of responsibility to protect. This approach is to strengthen the protection of refugees in the country of destination and UNHCR also cooperates with the government in the country of destination in terms of finance, mobilization, registration and resettlement. This effort is seen as potentially helping to deal with the refugee problem collectively and continuously until this issue is successfully resolved comprehensively.","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132692496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.si1.2023.03
Bakri Mat, Siti Darwinda Mohamed Pero, Ku Nurasyiqin Ku Amir
The influx of illegal immigrants (PATI) [or refugees] is one of the non-traditional security issues that has long plagued the Southeast Asian region. Malaysia is no exception. Despite not being a member of any international refugee-related conventions, including the 1951 Refugee Convention and the 1967 Protocol, Malaysia has 185,920 registered refugees and asylum seekers until August 2022 (UNHCR 2022). The government has made it an unwritten policy for refugees to be treated on a humanitarian basis. Therefore, this study is designed to explore the issues and concerns of Rohingya refugees in Malaysia from a human security perspective. This research was conducted using qualitative methodology by utilising primary sources from in-depth interviews, direct observation through participation in seminars, and field studies in selected areas in Northern Peninsular Malaysia, particularly in Kedah. The study findings concluded that there are five areas of concern that often-become obstacles to the livelihood of refugees in Malaysia, namely the right to work, education, documentation, security (due to xenophobic sentiments), and healthcare. These areas are fundamental to refugee livelihood; therefore, this research found that it is very timely for the government to formulate a more transparent and proactive policy to deal with this issue effectively.
{"title":"A Refugee Discourse in Malaysia: Issues and Concerns From Human Security Perspective","authors":"Bakri Mat, Siti Darwinda Mohamed Pero, Ku Nurasyiqin Ku Amir","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.si1.2023.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.si1.2023.03","url":null,"abstract":"The influx of illegal immigrants (PATI) [or refugees] is one of the non-traditional security issues that has long plagued the Southeast Asian region. Malaysia is no exception. Despite not being a member of any international refugee-related conventions, including the 1951 Refugee Convention and the 1967 Protocol, Malaysia has 185,920 registered refugees and asylum seekers until August 2022 (UNHCR 2022). The government has made it an unwritten policy for refugees to be treated on a humanitarian basis. Therefore, this study is designed to explore the issues and concerns of Rohingya refugees in Malaysia from a human security perspective. This research was conducted using qualitative methodology by utilising primary sources from in-depth interviews, direct observation through participation in seminars, and field studies in selected areas in Northern Peninsular Malaysia, particularly in Kedah. The study findings concluded that there are five areas of concern that often-become obstacles to the livelihood of refugees in Malaysia, namely the right to work, education, documentation, security (due to xenophobic sentiments), and healthcare. These areas are fundamental to refugee livelihood; therefore, this research found that it is very timely for the government to formulate a more transparent and proactive policy to deal with this issue effectively.","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121181025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.si1.2023.02
Z. Othman, Nafisah Ilham Hussein, Norhafiza Mohd Hed
Human trafficking is a serious issue that has received international attention since the 1990s and has affected security and human rights, including Malaysia. In Malaysia, this crime is increasing despite various eradication efforts carried out by the Malaysian Government in terms of policy, legislation, enforcement, care and protection, media and publicity and awareness. The Report on Human Trafficking issued by the United States (TIP) 2021 states that Malaysia has been downgraded to Level 3, which is an unsatisfactory level. Therefore, this study aims to examine the issue of human trafficking in Malaysia during the post pandemic era by focusing its analysis on challenges and preventive measures that the government can take to fill the gaps in the enforcement of government policies and legislation. This research was conducted using qualitative methods using primary sources obtained from in-depth interviews, direct observation through field studies in selected areas as well as document analysis from authoritative sources such as official government documents and reports. The findings of the study conclude that there are two main challenges facing Malaysia in dealing with the issue of human trafficking, First, the enforcement aspect, mainly the coordination between the various responsible government agencies. Second, the delay in prosecution is an obstacle to the resolution of this issue from a legal perspective. Thus, this study found that it is very timely for the government to implement more proactive, effective measures continuous efforts to solve the crime of human trafficking in Malaysia.
{"title":"Examining Human Trafficking Issue In Malaysia's Post-Pandemic Era: Preventive Measure and Challenges","authors":"Z. Othman, Nafisah Ilham Hussein, Norhafiza Mohd Hed","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.si1.2023.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.si1.2023.02","url":null,"abstract":"Human trafficking is a serious issue that has received international attention since the 1990s and has affected security and human rights, including Malaysia. In Malaysia, this crime is increasing despite various eradication efforts carried out by the Malaysian Government in terms of policy, legislation, enforcement, care and protection, media and publicity and awareness. The Report on Human Trafficking issued by the United States (TIP) 2021 states that Malaysia has been downgraded to Level 3, which is an unsatisfactory level. Therefore, this study aims to examine the issue of human trafficking in Malaysia during the post pandemic era by focusing its analysis on challenges and preventive measures that the government can take to fill the gaps in the enforcement of government policies and legislation. This research was conducted using qualitative methods using primary sources obtained from in-depth interviews, direct observation through field studies in selected areas as well as document analysis from authoritative sources such as official government documents and reports. The findings of the study conclude that there are two main challenges facing Malaysia in dealing with the issue of human trafficking, First, the enforcement aspect, mainly the coordination between the various responsible government agencies. Second, the delay in prosecution is an obstacle to the resolution of this issue from a legal perspective. Thus, this study found that it is very timely for the government to implement more proactive, effective measures continuous efforts to solve the crime of human trafficking in Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127159564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.si1.2023.07
M. Yazid
This paper revisits the question of the international structure and political stability in Europe before and after 1945. It is argued that there were relations between the international political system and political stability in Europe during the two periods: the period from 1900 to 1945 and from 1945 to 1989. Instructive lessons from global political history and Mearsheimer's Neorealism have shown the instability of multipolarity in the present decline of the US order. This is because the international political structure strongly influenced the degree of stability in Europe. The different global political structure affected the different levels of stability before and after 1945. The bipolar structure strongly influenced and determined Europe's power configuration and stability after 1945. The instability of Europe before 1945 was strongly related to the multipolarity structure; there were many great powers, and the existence of multiple polarities with seven great powers posed difficulty in managing them. Thus, striking a balance between them was nearly impossible and was a lesson for today's reading of international politics.
{"title":"Stability and Order in Europe Revisited: Lessons since 1945","authors":"M. Yazid","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.si1.2023.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.si1.2023.07","url":null,"abstract":"This paper revisits the question of the international structure and political stability in Europe before and after 1945. It is argued that there were relations between the international political system and political stability in Europe during the two periods: the period from 1900 to 1945 and from 1945 to 1989. Instructive lessons from global political history and Mearsheimer's Neorealism have shown the instability of multipolarity in the present decline of the US order. This is because the international political structure strongly influenced the degree of stability in Europe. The different global political structure affected the different levels of stability before and after 1945. The bipolar structure strongly influenced and determined Europe's power configuration and stability after 1945. The instability of Europe before 1945 was strongly related to the multipolarity structure; there were many great powers, and the existence of multiple polarities with seven great powers posed difficulty in managing them. Thus, striking a balance between them was nearly impossible and was a lesson for today's reading of international politics.","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126350925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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