Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.02
Sorpong Peou
This article advances the argument that (Indo-Pacific) Asia as a broad region is likely to experience growing instability because of the ongoing nuclear threat posed by North Korea, territorial disputes among maritime powers, and the rapid rise of China. But the region will not be at war mainly because of the preponderance of collective democratic power.
{"title":"Why Asia Will Be Unstable But Not at War: Toward a Democratic Realist Perspective","authors":"Sorpong Peou","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.02","url":null,"abstract":"This article advances the argument that (Indo-Pacific) Asia as a broad region is likely to experience growing instability because of the ongoing nuclear threat posed by North Korea, territorial disputes among maritime powers, and the rapid rise of China. But the region will not be at war mainly because of the preponderance of collective democratic power.","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129758370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.10
Rohayati Paidi
Abstract: This analysis explores how the Cool Japan strategy is utilized for cultural diplomacy and soft power in Malaysia. By examining Google's consumer sentiment analysis towards familiar Japanese brands, images, icons, and products in the Malaysian market, our findings suggest that the success of Japanese cultural diplomacy efforts primarily influences Japan's positive image and perception among the Malaysian public. Keywords: Cool Japan strategy and Japanese cultural diplomacy, Google trend analysis and famous Japanese products in Malaysia. Komentari ini mengupas strategi Cool Japan sebagai sebuah strategi diplomasi budaya dan soft power dalam mempengaruhi dan meningkatkan imej positif atau kefahaman masyarakat Malaysia mengenai cara hidup dan pandangan semesta Jepun. Menggunakan analisis Google trend dan sentimen konsumer terhadap beberapa jenama, imej, ikon dan produk Jepun yang sedia terkenal di pasaran Malaysia, hasil kajian menunjukkan kekuatan imej Jepun yang kukuh dan tinggi di mata dan persepsi orang awam di Malaysia banyak dipengaruhi oleh keberhasilan diplomasi budaya Jepun di Malaysia.
{"title":"\"Japan Cool\" Strategy and the Outcome of Japanese Cultural Diplomacy in Malaysia","authors":"Rohayati Paidi","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.10","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This analysis explores how the Cool Japan strategy is utilized for cultural diplomacy and soft power in Malaysia. By examining Google's consumer sentiment analysis towards familiar Japanese brands, images, icons, and products in the Malaysian market, our findings suggest that the success of Japanese cultural diplomacy efforts primarily influences Japan's positive image and perception among the Malaysian public. Keywords: Cool Japan strategy and Japanese cultural diplomacy, Google trend analysis and famous Japanese products in Malaysia. Komentari ini mengupas strategi Cool Japan sebagai sebuah strategi diplomasi budaya dan soft power dalam mempengaruhi dan meningkatkan imej positif atau kefahaman masyarakat Malaysia mengenai cara hidup dan pandangan semesta Jepun. Menggunakan analisis Google trend dan sentimen konsumer terhadap beberapa jenama, imej, ikon dan produk Jepun yang sedia terkenal di pasaran Malaysia, hasil kajian menunjukkan kekuatan imej Jepun yang kukuh dan tinggi di mata dan persepsi orang awam di Malaysia banyak dipengaruhi oleh keberhasilan diplomasi budaya Jepun di Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125988887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.04
Jiaxin Han, Fusheng Feng
Political conflicts in Africa have intensified due to the competition for natural resources by various conflicting parties and their conflict intensification. Previous studies have shown that cell phone coverage plays a significant role in the occurrence of these conflicts. This paper explores the impact of oil reserves and diamond abundance on cell phone coverage in Africa. The authors also investigate how rebels are motivated by these resources to engage in conflicts. The Scobit model (Nagler 1994) is used to analyse the cases of unbalanced conflict, which is found to be more accurate than the Logistic model. The results indicate that diamond abundance is a resource blessing, while oil reserves lead to a resource curse. However, the latter finding needs to be more consistent across robustness checks, suggesting that the effects of different natural resources on African political conflicts remain debatable.
{"title":"Testing the Theory, Blessing or Resource Curse? The Effect of Natural Resources on Political Violence in Africa","authors":"Jiaxin Han, Fusheng Feng","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.04","url":null,"abstract":"Political conflicts in Africa have intensified due to the competition for natural resources by various conflicting parties and their conflict intensification. Previous studies have shown that cell phone coverage plays a significant role in the occurrence of these conflicts. This paper explores the impact of oil reserves and diamond abundance on cell phone coverage in Africa. The authors also investigate how rebels are motivated by these resources to engage in conflicts. The Scobit model (Nagler 1994) is used to analyse the cases of unbalanced conflict, which is found to be more accurate than the Logistic model. The results indicate that diamond abundance is a resource blessing, while oil reserves lead to a resource curse. However, the latter finding needs to be more consistent across robustness checks, suggesting that the effects of different natural resources on African political conflicts remain debatable.","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115418105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.03
S. Takahashi
Islamophobia has become the global norm, with governments in many countries blatantly discriminating against Muslims. Islamophobia should be recognized internationally as a violation of international human rights norms, and governments that adopt Islamophobic laws and policies should be held accountable for those violations. Muslim countries should take the lead in raising this issue at international fora, but unity on this front, like on other issues, remains elusive. Nevertheless, recent initiatives by Qatar and Malaysia show promise.
{"title":"Combating Islamophobia on the International Stage: The Need for Muslim Unity","authors":"S. Takahashi","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.03","url":null,"abstract":"Islamophobia has become the global norm, with governments in many countries blatantly discriminating against Muslims. Islamophobia should be recognized internationally as a violation of international human rights norms, and governments that adopt Islamophobic laws and policies should be held accountable for those violations. Muslim countries should take the lead in raising this issue at international fora, but unity on this front, like on other issues, remains elusive. Nevertheless, recent initiatives by Qatar and Malaysia show promise.","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124508457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.07
Nadirah Mohd Azmi, Intan Suria Hamzah, Marshaelahyanti Mohamad Razali
This research note evaluates the Malaysian government's efforts to combat human trafficking. The study examines policies, legislation, enforcement, care and protection, media coverage, and awareness campaigns. Using a qualitative approach of document analysis, observation, and interviews with representatives from various agencies, including the National Strategic Office (NSO) for Anti-Trafficking in Persons and the Migrant Anti-Smuggling Council (NSO-MAPO), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and academics. The study reveals that two main areas require improvement: protection and enforcement. These aspects have various weaknesses that need to be addressed, including low literacy among government agencies regarding protection and enforcement. Therefore, it is recommended that Malaysia adopt the best practices from ASEAN member countries, such as Thailand, the Philippines, and Singapore, to combat human trafficking effectively. Keywords: literacy, human trafficking, enforcement, protection, legislation Abstrak: Nota penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk menilai usaha yang telah dilakukan oleh kerajaan Malaysia dalam menangani isu pemerdagangan mansusia terutama dari aspek polisi, perundangan, penguatkuasaan, penjagaan dan perlindungan, liputan media serta kempen-kempen kesedaran. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif analisis dokumen, pemerhatian dan temu bual mendalam dengan wakil pelbagai agensi seperti Pejabat Strategik Nasional (NSO) bagi Majlis Antipemerdagangan Orang dan Antipenyeludupan Migran (NSO-MAPO), pertubuhan bukan kerajaan (NGO), dan ahli akademik, hasil kajian mendapati terdapat dua bahagian utama, iaitu aspek perlindungan dan penguatkuasaan, yang perlu ditambah baik bagi menangani isu ini. Aspek ini mempunyai pelbagai kelemahan yang perlu diperbaiki, antaranya adalah literasi dalam kalangan agensi kerajaan Malaysia khususnya dari segi perlindungan dan penguatkuasaan. Oleh itu, adalah disarankan untuk menyesuaikan amalan terbaik untuk menangani pemerdagangan manusia di kalangan negara anggota ASEAN dengan belajar daripada negara seperti Thailand, Filipina dan Singapura.
这份研究报告评估了马来西亚政府打击人口贩运的努力。该研究审查了政策、立法、执法、护理和保护、媒体报道以及提高认识运动。采用文件分析、观察和采访不同机构代表的定性方法，包括反贩运人口国家战略办公室(NSO)和反偷渡移民委员会(NSO- mapo)、非政府组织(ngo)和学者。研究表明，有两个主要领域需要改进:保护和执法。这些方面有各种需要解决的弱点，包括政府机构在保护和执法方面的识字率较低。因此，建议马来西亚采用泰国、菲律宾和新加坡等东盟成员国的最佳做法，有效打击人口贩运。摘要:Nota penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk menilai usaha yang telah dilakukan oleh kerajaan Malaysia dalam menangani isu peremerdagangan mansusia terutama dari aspeisi, perundangan, penguin kuasaan, penjagaan dan perlindungan, lipputermedia serta kempenen - kempenen kesedaran。Menggunakan pendekatan质量分析dokumen, pendekatan pendekatan质量分析dokumen, pendekatan质量分析doguen, pendekatan质量分析doguen, pendekatan质量分析doguen, pendekatan质量分析doguen, pendekatan质量分析，pendekatan质量分析，pendekatan质量分析，pendekatan质量分析，pendekatan质量分析，pendekatan质量分析，pendekatan质量分析，pendekatan质量分析，pendekatan质量分析，pendekatan质量分析，pendekatan质量分析。这是我的母语，我的母语是“企鹅”，我的母语是“企鹅”，我的母语是“企鹅”。马来西亚，泰国，菲律宾，新加坡，马来西亚，马来西亚，马来西亚，马来西亚，马来西亚，马来西亚，泰国，菲律宾，新加坡。
{"title":"Current Research on Human Trafficking in Malaysia","authors":"Nadirah Mohd Azmi, Intan Suria Hamzah, Marshaelahyanti Mohamad Razali","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.07","url":null,"abstract":"This research note evaluates the Malaysian government's efforts to combat human trafficking. The study examines policies, legislation, enforcement, care and protection, media coverage, and awareness campaigns. Using a qualitative approach of document analysis, observation, and interviews with representatives from various agencies, including the National Strategic Office (NSO) for Anti-Trafficking in Persons and the Migrant Anti-Smuggling Council (NSO-MAPO), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and academics. The study reveals that two main areas require improvement: protection and enforcement. These aspects have various weaknesses that need to be addressed, including low literacy among government agencies regarding protection and enforcement. Therefore, it is recommended that Malaysia adopt the best practices from ASEAN member countries, such as Thailand, the Philippines, and Singapore, to combat human trafficking effectively. Keywords: literacy, human trafficking, enforcement, protection, legislation Abstrak: Nota penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk menilai usaha yang telah dilakukan oleh kerajaan Malaysia dalam menangani isu pemerdagangan mansusia terutama dari aspek polisi, perundangan, penguatkuasaan, penjagaan dan perlindungan, liputan media serta kempen-kempen kesedaran. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif analisis dokumen, pemerhatian dan temu bual mendalam dengan wakil pelbagai agensi seperti Pejabat Strategik Nasional (NSO) bagi Majlis Antipemerdagangan Orang dan Antipenyeludupan Migran (NSO-MAPO), pertubuhan bukan kerajaan (NGO), dan ahli akademik, hasil kajian mendapati terdapat dua bahagian utama, iaitu aspek perlindungan dan penguatkuasaan, yang perlu ditambah baik bagi menangani isu ini. Aspek ini mempunyai pelbagai kelemahan yang perlu diperbaiki, antaranya adalah literasi dalam kalangan agensi kerajaan Malaysia khususnya dari segi perlindungan dan penguatkuasaan. Oleh itu, adalah disarankan untuk menyesuaikan amalan terbaik untuk menangani pemerdagangan manusia di kalangan negara anggota ASEAN dengan belajar daripada negara seperti Thailand, Filipina dan Singapura.","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"388 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117335196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.01
Khadijah Md Khalid, Z. Othman, Bakri Mat, M. D. Azman
In this editorial note, we present our overview of the selection process for the July issue of SINERGI's 2023 edition. Two main themes guided our choices for this issue. Firstly, we focused on the ongoing international issues and controversies that have shaped and redefined Malaysia's outlook. Secondly, we considered the global challenges that persist and cannot be overlooked, as they continue to shape our subconscious biases and prejudices as a global community.
{"title":"Editorial Note: Precarious Turbulence of the Unjustly World Order and Malaysian Issues","authors":"Khadijah Md Khalid, Z. Othman, Bakri Mat, M. D. Azman","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.01","url":null,"abstract":"In this editorial note, we present our overview of the selection process for the July issue of SINERGI's 2023 edition. Two main themes guided our choices for this issue. Firstly, we focused on the ongoing international issues and controversies that have shaped and redefined Malaysia's outlook. Secondly, we considered the global challenges that persist and cannot be overlooked, as they continue to shape our subconscious biases and prejudices as a global community.","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122638218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.06
Mohamed Azam Mohamed Adil, Wan Naim Wan Naim Wan Mansor, Azril Mohd Amin
In Malaysia, the Federal Constitution provides significant legal protections for religious freedom. Article 11 guarantees the right to practice and propagate one's religious beliefs freely, except for restrictions on propagation concerning Muslims under federal law. Furthermore, Islam holds a unique position in the country, according to Article 3 (1). The Malaysian legal system consists of two court systems, the Syariah courts and civil courts. While the Syariah courts serve as an essential institution for Muslims and maintain the Islamic identity of the nation, issues of jurisdiction can arise, particularly in interfaith cases. This study explores Malaysia's Universal Periodic Review of religious freedom and analyses jurisdictional conflicts through interviews with national law experts. After carefully considering Malaysia's unique historical and socioeconomic context, it is concluded that upholding the Federal Constitution is of utmost importance and implementing UPR recommendations should be separate from it.
{"title":"The Right to Freedom of Religion and Jurisdictional Conflicts in Malaysia","authors":"Mohamed Azam Mohamed Adil, Wan Naim Wan Naim Wan Mansor, Azril Mohd Amin","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.06","url":null,"abstract":"In Malaysia, the Federal Constitution provides significant legal protections for religious freedom. Article 11 guarantees the right to practice and propagate one's religious beliefs freely, except for restrictions on propagation concerning Muslims under federal law. Furthermore, Islam holds a unique position in the country, according to Article 3 (1). The Malaysian legal system consists of two court systems, the Syariah courts and civil courts. While the Syariah courts serve as an essential institution for Muslims and maintain the Islamic identity of the nation, issues of jurisdiction can arise, particularly in interfaith cases. This study explores Malaysia's Universal Periodic Review of religious freedom and analyses jurisdictional conflicts through interviews with national law experts. After carefully considering Malaysia's unique historical and socioeconomic context, it is concluded that upholding the Federal Constitution is of utmost importance and implementing UPR recommendations should be separate from it.","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131388711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.09
N. Sohaimi, Rosfaraliza Azura Ramli
The United Nations issued the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 and the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights in 1966. Both recognise the right to an acceptable living standard, which includes appropriate housing. Characteristics of sufficient housing include affordability, habitability, accessibility, location, cultural appropriateness, and access to resources such as services, materials, utilities, and infrastructure. However, housing and migrant settlement challenges have persisted in Malaysia due to a shortage of living space, poor government policies, and societal humiliation. This forces many migrants to live in crowded and unsafe conditions. Surprisingly, compared to other integration initiatives, little attention has been given to the housing component of the integration of regular migrants. This complacency and fragility affect both natives and migrants. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities, provide important guiding concepts that support the right to an acceptable standard of life, which includes adequate housing.
{"title":"Migrants' Housing: Bridging Human Rights and Sustainable Development Goals for Inclusive Communities in Malaysia","authors":"N. Sohaimi, Rosfaraliza Azura Ramli","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.09","url":null,"abstract":"The United Nations issued the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 and the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights in 1966. Both recognise the right to an acceptable living standard, which includes appropriate housing. Characteristics of sufficient housing include affordability, habitability, accessibility, location, cultural appropriateness, and access to resources such as services, materials, utilities, and infrastructure. However, housing and migrant settlement challenges have persisted in Malaysia due to a shortage of living space, poor government policies, and societal humiliation. This forces many migrants to live in crowded and unsafe conditions. Surprisingly, compared to other integration initiatives, little attention has been given to the housing component of the integration of regular migrants. This complacency and fragility affect both natives and migrants. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities, provide important guiding concepts that support the right to an acceptable standard of life, which includes adequate housing.","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134001184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.05
Zhao Qidong, Rusdi Omar, Mas Juliana Mukhtaruddin
This paper examines Emperor Qianlong's identity construction and historical analysis concerning the Mandala System, guided by a case study on social acquisition mechanisms. The author argues that Emperor Qianlong did not recognize or share the identity setting regarding China's role in the Mandala System, a unilateral policy design and understanding of Thailand's monarchs. The rewriting of imperial letters from China led to the misconception that the Chinese emperor internalized the country's role identity. This resulted in Thailand's monarchs following the teachings of Kautylia's Arthasasthra and engaging in political exchanges with China. However, the diplomacy between Thailand and the Ming dynasty during the Imjin War is not a convincing case to prove that the Mandala System influenced Thailand's diplomacy with the Chinese dynasty. The author suggests that theoretical thinking regarding diplomatic strategy can help provide an interpretation framework that integrates the subjectivity of China and Southeast Asian Kingdoms before the early 19th century.
{"title":"On the Illusiveness of Identity Positioning of China in the Mandala System","authors":"Zhao Qidong, Rusdi Omar, Mas Juliana Mukhtaruddin","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.05","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines Emperor Qianlong's identity construction and historical analysis concerning the Mandala System, guided by a case study on social acquisition mechanisms. The author argues that Emperor Qianlong did not recognize or share the identity setting regarding China's role in the Mandala System, a unilateral policy design and understanding of Thailand's monarchs. The rewriting of imperial letters from China led to the misconception that the Chinese emperor internalized the country's role identity. This resulted in Thailand's monarchs following the teachings of Kautylia's Arthasasthra and engaging in political exchanges with China. However, the diplomacy between Thailand and the Ming dynasty during the Imjin War is not a convincing case to prove that the Mandala System influenced Thailand's diplomacy with the Chinese dynasty. The author suggests that theoretical thinking regarding diplomatic strategy can help provide an interpretation framework that integrates the subjectivity of China and Southeast Asian Kingdoms before the early 19th century.","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128568498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.08
Datu Raid Salik, R. M. Matucan
This note details our reflections on participating in an academic visit and learning exchange on public policymaking in Malaysia. The Institute of Public Policy and Management (INPUMA) at Universiti Malaya and The Bangsamoro Youth Commission (BYC) of the Bangsamoro Transition Authority jointly organised the program. Our executive summary covers the event and includes reflections from BYC participants participating in the program and policy lab simulation. We want to thank Professor Dr Khadijah Md Khalid and her team at INPUMA for their impactful and intellectual contributions to the event. During the program, we also considered Malaysia's history of the peace process in Mindanao and the cultural exchange between Malaysians and Bangsamoro. We are grateful to the professors and speakers who have enriched our public policy, governance, and youth development knowledge. INPUMA's commitment to empowering the BYC is commendable, and we appreciate all those who contributed to the program's success. We would like to recognise the BYC Coordinator and their team for their exceptional efforts in coordinating logistics and ensuring a successful learning exchange. Their professionalism and dedication ensured that everyone had a productive and enriching experience.
{"title":"outh Participation in Local Process: Reflections of Bangsamoro Youth in Policymaking in Malaysia","authors":"Datu Raid Salik, R. M. Matucan","doi":"10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/sinergi.0301.2023.08","url":null,"abstract":"This note details our reflections on participating in an academic visit and learning exchange on public policymaking in Malaysia. The Institute of Public Policy and Management (INPUMA) at Universiti Malaya and The Bangsamoro Youth Commission (BYC) of the Bangsamoro Transition Authority jointly organised the program. Our executive summary covers the event and includes reflections from BYC participants participating in the program and policy lab simulation. We want to thank Professor Dr Khadijah Md Khalid and her team at INPUMA for their impactful and intellectual contributions to the event. During the program, we also considered Malaysia's history of the peace process in Mindanao and the cultural exchange between Malaysians and Bangsamoro. We are grateful to the professors and speakers who have enriched our public policy, governance, and youth development knowledge. INPUMA's commitment to empowering the BYC is commendable, and we appreciate all those who contributed to the program's success. We would like to recognise the BYC Coordinator and their team for their exceptional efforts in coordinating logistics and ensuring a successful learning exchange. Their professionalism and dedication ensured that everyone had a productive and enriching experience.","PeriodicalId":247188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Studies & International Affairs","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121343674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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