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Evaluation of Technical Efficiency of Regional Innovation System on the Basis of DEA Modeling 基于DEA模型的区域创新系统技术效率评价
Darya Kryzhko, I. Rudskaya, A. Skhvediani, Anis Alamshoev
Nowadays, one of the key conditions for regional development is formation and effective use of its innovative potential. The quality of regional innovation policies and special programs for regional development is influenced by the choice of methods for evaluating this indicator. In the framework of increasing the innovation potential of Russia, it is important to take into consideration the conditions of differentiation of regional structures and to allocate available financial, human, and other resources accordingly. Identifying the main parameters for evaluating technical efficiency of the innovation potential in regional structures will help to increase the degree of rationality in allocating budget funds and organizing the management system, which explains the relevance of this study. The purpose of this study is to evaluate technological efficiency of the regional innovation system on the basis of DEA modeling. A single-step input-oriented DEA model was used for the analysis. R-Studio and Stata14 were used as software products for the analysis. The data from the report of the Federal State Statistics Service for the period of 2009-2017 were collected. The conducted DEA analysis allowed identifying 4 groups of regions in relation to the level of technological efficiency. The regression analysis showed that the following indicators should be used as input data for the model: internal expenditures on R&D; a number of educational institutions; and expenditures on technological innovations. A further focus of the study will be to expand the model by identifying parameters that can interpret the level of technological efficiency of a regional innovation system, taking into consideration the conditions of differentiation of regional development. The results of this study can be used to design and improve innovative development programs for the regions of the Russian Federation.
当前,区域发展的关键条件之一是区域创新潜力的形成和有效利用。该指标评价方法的选择直接影响区域创新政策和区域发展专项规划的质量。在提高俄罗斯创新潜力的框架内,重要的是要考虑到区域结构差异的条件,并相应地分配可用的财政、人力和其他资源。确定区域结构创新潜力技术效率评价的主要参数有助于提高预算资金分配和管理制度组织的合理性,从而解释了本研究的相关性。本研究的目的是基于DEA模型对区域创新系统的技术效率进行评价。采用单步输入导向的DEA模型进行分析。使用R-Studio和Stata14作为分析软件产品。数据来自联邦国家统计局2009-2017年的报告。所进行的DEA分析可以确定与技术效率水平相关的4组区域。回归分析表明,以下指标应作为模型的输入数据:内部研发支出;一些教育机构;以及技术创新支出。研究的进一步重点将是在考虑区域发展差异的条件下,通过识别能够解释区域创新系统技术效率水平的参数来扩展模型。本研究的结果可用于设计和改进俄罗斯联邦各地区的创新发展方案。
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引用次数: 1
Applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process to Decision Making on the Development of Urban Energy System 层次分析法在城市能源系统发展决策中的应用
T. Bugaeva, I. Filippova, Nikita Tribunskii
Conditions for the development of urban energy supply systems have changed significantly in recent years. The functional and spatial structure of loads is changing; new technologies are emerging; electric and thermal energy markets are developing; new rules for their functioning are emerging; the industry is being digitalized. The range and influence of the concerned parties on the development of energy systems have expanded. One of the ways to improve the quality of decisions on the development of the city's energy supply is to create a decision support system (DSS), which can be used jointly by all entities involved in the development of the city's energy complex. The DSS is based on the energy system planning methodology. Multi-criteria analysis (MCDA) methods are often used in the decision-making process. However, the choice of a particular method and the possibility of its application to the problems of energy development require additional research. The article substantiates the need to apply MCDA methods when planning the development of energy systems in cities. The implementation of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is shown on the example of choosing the reconstruction option for a transformer substation. The criteria for achieving the goal are: minimum costs; minimum energy losses; minimum undersupply of electricity and minimum length of electrical networks. To automate calculations, the authors created a template MS Excel 2016, which implements the presented method. AHP allows to move the decision-making process to the area of strict mathematically based calculations and conclusions.
近年来,城市能源供应系统的发展条件发生了重大变化。荷载的功能和空间结构正在发生变化;新技术不断涌现;电力和热能市场正在发展;它们运作的新规则正在形成;该行业正在数字化。有关各方对能源系统发展的范围和影响扩大了。提高城市能源供应发展决策质量的方法之一是创建决策支持系统(DSS),该系统可以由参与城市能源综合体开发的所有实体共同使用。决策支持系统以能源系统规划方法为基础。多准则分析(MCDA)方法常用于决策过程。然而,选择一种特定的方法及其应用于能源发展问题的可能性需要进一步的研究。本文论证了在规划城市能源系统发展时应用MCDA方法的必要性。以某变电站改造方案的选择为例,介绍了层次分析法的应用。实现目标的标准是:最低成本;能量损失最小;电力供应最少不足,电网长度最少。为了实现自动计算,作者创建了一个模板MS Excel 2016,实现了所提出的方法。AHP允许将决策过程转移到严格的基于数学的计算和结论的领域。
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引用次数: 1
Management Accounting As a Tool For Organization Of Information On Innovations 管理会计作为组织创新信息的工具
S. Egorova, I. Bogdanovich, Natalia Kistaeva, L. Iudanova
Innovative activity determines sustainable development and increases competitiveness of business entities. At the same time, high levels of risk of innovative activities, huge costs and the challenge of choosing sources of financing for the innovations are the main factors that hinder the formation of an innovative model of economic development. The purpose of the article is to generalize, systematize and develop methodological approaches to the formation of high-quality, complete and reliable information for investors, owners and managers of companies, which would ensure transparency of cash flows, control over efficiency of invested funds use, and minimization of business risks. In innovatively oriented companies, development of the necessary information base is carried out within the framework of internal management accounting systems. An important tool for collecting information about innovations is performance-oriented budgeting models, in which, on the one hand, spending of targeted funds is carried out in accordance with the principle of centralization, and, on the other hand, the set goals are achieved in accordance with the principle of decentralization, ensuring planning, execution and control of budget expenditures in direct connection with the specified and achieved results. The authors have developed a model taking into account companies' specifics (industry, scale of business) and information needs of its users (heads of organizations, investors, owners and the state) and which is oriented on determining the cost limit of the products being developed at the stage of research and design. The article proposes, as an important aspect in organizing a management accounting system for innovative activities, the use of flexible budgeting, which stands out by providing a hierarchical structure of indicators considering the lifecycle stages of an innovation, variability, and formation of an integral indicator that allows for monitoring and evaluation of efficiency of the general budget that characterizes the development strategy.
创新活动决定了企业的可持续发展,提高了企业的竞争力。与此同时,创新活动的高风险、巨大的成本和为创新选择融资来源的挑战是阻碍形成创新经济发展模式的主要因素。本文的目的是概括、系统化和发展方法论方法,为投资者、公司所有者和管理者提供高质量、完整和可靠的信息,这将确保现金流的透明度,对投资资金使用效率的控制,以及商业风险的最小化。在创新型公司中,必要的信息库的开发是在内部管理会计系统的框架内进行的。以绩效为导向的预算模式是收集创新信息的一个重要工具,它一方面按照集中的原则进行有针对性的资金支出,另一方面按照分散的原则实现既定的目标,确保预算支出的规划、执行和控制与规定的和实现的结果直接相关。作者开发了一个模型,考虑到公司的具体情况(行业、业务规模)和用户(组织负责人、投资者、所有者和国家)的信息需求,并在研究和设计阶段确定正在开发的产品的成本限制。本文提出,作为组织创新活动管理会计系统的一个重要方面,灵活预算的使用,通过提供考虑创新生命周期阶段的指标分层结构,可变性和形成一个整体指标,可以监测和评估发展战略特征的一般预算的效率,从而脱颖而出。
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引用次数: 0
Neural Network Modeling as a Method for Creating Digital Twins: From Industry 4.0 to Industry 4.1 神经网络建模作为创建数字孪生的方法:从工业4.0到工业4.1
A. Dashkina, Ludmila P. Khalyapina, A. Kobicheva, T. Lazovskaya, G. Malykhina, D. Tarkhov
Digital twins are one of the key technologies behind the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In the coming years they will be introduced on a large scale in the industry and in other spheres. A wide range of digital twins will be in demand: from separate components to complex technical facilities, such as automobiles, airplanes, manufacturing lines, factories, corporations, etc. To provide their successful interaction, it is important to create digital twins on the uniform principles. Currently, creating a digital twin is a complex scientific issue. It presents difficulties because it is necessary not only to describe physical (or chemical, biological, etc.) processes going on in the object, but also to envisage significant changes of its properties in the course of its operation. In this case the digital twin is supposed to adapt to the changes in the original object in accordance with the data received from the sensors. The aim of the research was to define the strategies of solving the current problems in such areas as digital twins, the internet of things and cyberphysical systems. In order to achieve this aim, the following problems were supposed to be solved: - Consider the definitions of the digital twin suggested in the world scientific literature - Find a unified data-driven real-time approach to creating digital twins - Suggest using the neural network approach in creating digital twins. During the use of the modelled object, specifics of the physical processes going on in it and object properties can change. The model is supposed to adapt in accordance with these changes, which is rather difficult if a model is generated by applying computer-aided engineering software packages (CAE) based on classical numerical methods. We consider the multistage technique as more promising. It involves building an adaptive model at the second stage. Such a model can be specified and redesigned based on real-time data. Since neural networks have proved to be efficient in solving complicated problems related to data processing, we recommend using them as the basic class of mathematical models for creating digital twins.
数字孪生是第四次工业革命背后的关键技术之一。在未来几年中,它们将被大规模地引入工业和其他领域。从单独的部件到复杂的技术设施,如汽车、飞机、生产线、工厂、公司等,将需要广泛的数字孪生体。为了提供它们成功的交互,在统一的原则下创建数字双胞胎是很重要的。目前,创建数字双胞胎是一个复杂的科学问题。它带来了困难,因为它不仅需要描述物体中发生的物理(或化学、生物等)过程,而且还需要设想在其运行过程中其性质的重大变化。在这种情况下,数字孪生应该根据从传感器接收到的数据来适应原始物体的变化。研究的目的是确定解决数字孪生、物联网和网络物理系统等领域当前问题的策略。为了实现这一目标,应该解决以下问题:-考虑世界科学文献中建议的数字双胞胎的定义-找到一个统一的数据驱动的实时方法来创建数字双胞胎-建议使用神经网络方法来创建数字双胞胎。在使用建模对象期间,其中发生的物理过程的细节和对象属性可以改变。模型需要适应这些变化,如果基于经典数值方法,应用计算机辅助工程软件包(CAE)生成模型,这是相当困难的。我们认为多级技术更有前途。它涉及在第二阶段建立一个适应性模型。这种模型可以根据实时数据进行指定和重新设计。由于神经网络已被证明在解决与数据处理相关的复杂问题方面是有效的,我们建议使用它们作为创建数字双胞胎的基本数学模型。
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引用次数: 1
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Proceedings of the 2nd International Scientific Conference on Innovations in Digital Economy
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