<div><div>Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of three new spirocyclic terpenoid compounds from <em>Euphorbia amygdaloides</em> L<em>.</em>, named Zagrosin I–III. Their structures were identified by 1D and 2D NMR (<sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, DEPT 135, HMBC, and HSQC-TOCSY) and LC-MS-MS spectrometry. The cytotoxicity of the isolated spirocyclic terpenoids (Zagrosin I-III) was assessed against human breast cancer (MCF-7), human fibrosarcoma (HT1080), and normal human foreskin fibroblast cells with MTT assays (24, 48, and 72 h treatments). The FITC-Annexin V apoptosis flow cytometry assays and cell cycle analysis were performed for Zagrosin I–III.</div><div>These isolated compounds were identified as: (9)-8a-((benzoyloxy)methyl)-2-methoxy-4,9-dimethyltetrahydro-4H,5H-2,4a-methanobenzo[d] [1,3] dioxine-4-carboxylate (Zagrosin I), ((9)-4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-4,9-dimethyltetrahydro-4H,8aH-2,4a-methanobenzo[d] [1,3] dioxin-8a-yl) methyl benzoate (Zagrosin II), and (9)-2-methoxy-4,9-dimethyl-8a-(phenoxy methyl) tetrahydro-4H,5H-2,4a-methanobenzo[d][1,3]dioxin-4-yl 4-methylpentanoate (Zagrosin III).</div><div>The IC<sub>50</sub> of Zagrosin I on 48-h-treated MCF-7 was calculated as 1.5 μg/mL. Zagrosin II and III exhibited cytotoxicity on 48-h-treated MCF-7 with IC<sub>50</sub>s of 14.04 and 12.50 μg/mL, respectively. The IC<sub>50</sub> of Zagrosin I on human fibrosarcoma (HT1080) was 115.5 μg/mL, Zagrosin III, 16.81 μg/mL (48 h treatment), and Zagrosin II, 142.7 μg/mL (72 h treatment). Zagrosin I-III exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 cell line and human fibrosarcoma (HT1080), with the mechanism of early and late apoptosis affecting cells mostly in G0/G1 fallowed by S and G2 phases. MCF-7 had a higher rate of phosphatidyl serine exposure on the cell membrane than two other studied cells. The cytotoxicity on normal human foreskin fibroblasts was low. Zagrosin I-III can be considered an effective chemical backbone for anticancer drug development.</div><div>Abbreviations: 2D NMR: Two-Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; API: Atmospheric Pressure Ionization; DEPT: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer; ELISA: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay; ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; ESI: Electrospray ionization; FBS: Fetal Bovine Serum; FITC: Fluorescein isothiocyante; fr: fraction; HMBC: Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation; HPLC: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography; HSQC: Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence; HT1080: Human fibrosarcoma cell line; IC<sub>50</sub>: Half-maximal inhibitory concentration; MCF-7: Human breast cancer cell line; MHz: Megahertz; MTT: 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide; NMR: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; PBS: Phosphate Buffered Saline; PI: Propidium Iodide; ppm: Part Per Million; R<sub>f</sub>: Retention Factor; TLC: Thin-layer chromatography; TOCSY: Total Correlation Spectroscopy; VLC: Vacuum Liquid Chromatography.</div></di
{"title":"Three new spirocyclic terpenoids from Euphorbia amygdaloides exhibit cytotoxicity against cancerous cell lines through early and late apoptosis","authors":"Ardalan Pasdaran , Negar Azarpira , Mahdokht Hossein Aghdaie , Maryam Zare , Negin Sheidaie , Fatemeh Hajeb Fard , Azadeh Hamedi","doi":"10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of three new spirocyclic terpenoid compounds from <em>Euphorbia amygdaloides</em> L<em>.</em>, named Zagrosin I–III. Their structures were identified by 1D and 2D NMR (<sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, DEPT 135, HMBC, and HSQC-TOCSY) and LC-MS-MS spectrometry. The cytotoxicity of the isolated spirocyclic terpenoids (Zagrosin I-III) was assessed against human breast cancer (MCF-7), human fibrosarcoma (HT1080), and normal human foreskin fibroblast cells with MTT assays (24, 48, and 72 h treatments). The FITC-Annexin V apoptosis flow cytometry assays and cell cycle analysis were performed for Zagrosin I–III.</div><div>These isolated compounds were identified as: (9)-8a-((benzoyloxy)methyl)-2-methoxy-4,9-dimethyltetrahydro-4H,5H-2,4a-methanobenzo[d] [1,3] dioxine-4-carboxylate (Zagrosin I), ((9)-4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-4,9-dimethyltetrahydro-4H,8aH-2,4a-methanobenzo[d] [1,3] dioxin-8a-yl) methyl benzoate (Zagrosin II), and (9)-2-methoxy-4,9-dimethyl-8a-(phenoxy methyl) tetrahydro-4H,5H-2,4a-methanobenzo[d][1,3]dioxin-4-yl 4-methylpentanoate (Zagrosin III).</div><div>The IC<sub>50</sub> of Zagrosin I on 48-h-treated MCF-7 was calculated as 1.5 μg/mL. Zagrosin II and III exhibited cytotoxicity on 48-h-treated MCF-7 with IC<sub>50</sub>s of 14.04 and 12.50 μg/mL, respectively. The IC<sub>50</sub> of Zagrosin I on human fibrosarcoma (HT1080) was 115.5 μg/mL, Zagrosin III, 16.81 μg/mL (48 h treatment), and Zagrosin II, 142.7 μg/mL (72 h treatment). Zagrosin I-III exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 cell line and human fibrosarcoma (HT1080), with the mechanism of early and late apoptosis affecting cells mostly in G0/G1 fallowed by S and G2 phases. MCF-7 had a higher rate of phosphatidyl serine exposure on the cell membrane than two other studied cells. The cytotoxicity on normal human foreskin fibroblasts was low. Zagrosin I-III can be considered an effective chemical backbone for anticancer drug development.</div><div>Abbreviations: 2D NMR: Two-Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; API: Atmospheric Pressure Ionization; DEPT: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer; ELISA: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay; ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; ESI: Electrospray ionization; FBS: Fetal Bovine Serum; FITC: Fluorescein isothiocyante; fr: fraction; HMBC: Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation; HPLC: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography; HSQC: Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence; HT1080: Human fibrosarcoma cell line; IC<sub>50</sub>: Half-maximal inhibitory concentration; MCF-7: Human breast cancer cell line; MHz: Megahertz; MTT: 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide; NMR: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; PBS: Phosphate Buffered Saline; PI: Propidium Iodide; ppm: Part Per Million; R<sub>f</sub>: Retention Factor; TLC: Thin-layer chromatography; TOCSY: Total Correlation Spectroscopy; VLC: Vacuum Liquid Chromatography.</div></di","PeriodicalId":249,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"18 1","pages":"Article 106049"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) remains paramount for tapping into residual oil post primary and secondary recovery stages. While conventional methods hold their ground, the rise of chemical EOR, especially utilizing nanofluids, stands out due to its economic viability, enhanced recovery efficiency, and adaptability. The allure of nanofluid-enhanced oil recovery (N-EOR) has grown amongst researchers, albeit with underlying mechanisms that still harbor inconsistencies and ambiguities. This review meticulously examines the micro-mechanics of nanofluid interactions with heavy oil molecules, particles, and surfaces, the methodologies underpinning nanofluid-assisted EOR, multiphase displacement within pores and cores, and the fluid–solid coupling during such flows. Key findings show that nanofluids alter mineral wettability, adjust oil/water interfacial tension, shift structural disjoining pressure, and curtail viscosity. The prowess of N-EOR largely hinges on nanoparticle adsorption. Their affinity for mineral surfaces induces a shift towards water-wet states, while their interplay at oil/water boundaries can tweak interfacial tensions, fostering emulsification. One standout revelation is the adsorption of asphaltenes on nanoparticles, which mitigates asphaltene concentrations in heavy oil, thereby diminishing viscosity and amplifying oil extraction. Contrary to previous studies that merely spotlighted outcomes, our review delves deep into the complexities of nanoparticle adsorption, spotlighting the harmonious interplay between nanoparticle adsorption features and N-EOR operations. We unravel the intricacies of nanofluid behaviors during multiphase core displacement and provide a detailed overview of pertinent simulations. To encapsulate, this study demystifies potential N-EOR techniques and charts fresh research trajectories. Our revelations aim to enrich the comprehension of N-EOR phenomena, accentuating the pivotal role of nanofluids in multiphase core transitions and computational simulations. Furthermore, we highlight lingering challenges, directing the scientific community towards continued nanoparticle innovations and exploration. The novelty of this study is as follows: Nanofluids are mainly used in the third oil recovery process, and are not used in the first and second oil recovery processes. In addition, during the third oil recovery, some nanofluids may remain in the mine due to the sedimentation characteristics of nanomaterials. Currently, we are also committed to developing new processes to reduce the deposition of nanomaterials in the mine. At present, it is not clear how nanofluids enhance the oil recovery mechanism, and the oil recovery mechanism is relatively chaotic. In this article, we analyzed these mechanisms.
{"title":"Nanofluids application in enhanced oil recovery process-opportunities and challenges","authors":"Feifei Liang , Wenjuan Wang , Siyu Zhu , Yuting Hu, Ziyu Zhao, Yuxing Tan, Gaobo Yu, Jinjian Hou, Jiacheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) remains paramount for tapping into residual oil post primary and secondary recovery stages. While conventional methods hold their ground, the rise of chemical EOR, especially utilizing nanofluids, stands out due to its economic viability, enhanced recovery efficiency, and adaptability. The allure of nanofluid-enhanced oil recovery (N-EOR) has grown amongst researchers, albeit with underlying mechanisms that still harbor inconsistencies and ambiguities. This review meticulously examines the micro-mechanics of nanofluid interactions with heavy oil molecules, particles, and surfaces, the methodologies underpinning nanofluid-assisted EOR, multiphase displacement within pores and cores, and the fluid–solid coupling during such flows. Key findings show that nanofluids alter mineral wettability, adjust oil/water interfacial tension, shift structural disjoining pressure, and curtail viscosity. The prowess of N-EOR largely hinges on nanoparticle adsorption. Their affinity for mineral surfaces induces a shift towards water-wet states, while their interplay at oil/water boundaries can tweak interfacial tensions, fostering emulsification. One standout revelation is the adsorption of asphaltenes on nanoparticles, which mitigates asphaltene concentrations in heavy oil, thereby diminishing viscosity and amplifying oil extraction. Contrary to previous studies that merely spotlighted outcomes, our review delves deep into the complexities of nanoparticle adsorption, spotlighting the harmonious interplay between nanoparticle adsorption features and N-EOR operations. We unravel the intricacies of nanofluid behaviors during multiphase core displacement and provide a detailed overview of pertinent simulations. To encapsulate, this study demystifies potential N-EOR techniques and charts fresh research trajectories. Our revelations aim to enrich the comprehension of N-EOR phenomena, accentuating the pivotal role of nanofluids in multiphase core transitions and computational simulations. Furthermore, we highlight lingering challenges, directing the scientific community towards continued nanoparticle innovations and exploration. The novelty of this study is as follows: Nanofluids are mainly used in the third oil recovery process, and are not used in the first and second oil recovery processes. In addition, during the third oil recovery, some nanofluids may remain in the mine due to the sedimentation characteristics of nanomaterials. Currently, we are also committed to developing new processes to reduce the deposition of nanomaterials in the mine. At present, it is not clear how nanofluids enhance the oil recovery mechanism, and the oil recovery mechanism is relatively chaotic. In this article, we analyzed these mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":249,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"18 1","pages":"Article 106053"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106079
Baoguo Yang , Fengcheng Jiang , Yinxin Zhao , Hongbin Li , Shengguang Zhang , Kanghui Liu
Zirconium-modified materials exhibit good adsorption performance, but their large-scale application is limited by the cost of carrier materials and the difficulty of solid–liquid separation of powder adsorbents. Therefore, in this study, we used low-cost gasification slag for zirconium oxide loading to avoid the aforementioned problems and successfully prepared a novel gasification slag–based zirconium-doped magnetic adsorbent material (GS-Z2M). GS-Z2M is a mesoporous adsorbent material with a large specific surface area (188 m2/g); it completely adsorbed phosphate with an initial concentration of 10 mg/L within 3 h. The rate-controlling step of phosphate removal using GS-Z2M was chemisorption. The Langmuir model proved more suitable for describing the adsorption of phosphate on GS-Z2M than the Freundlich and Temkin models, and the maximum phosphate adsorption capacity calculated using the Langmuir model was 26.02 mg/g. GS-Z2M showed good phosphate adsorption selectivity and reusability (can be recycled at least 5 times). GS-Z2M also showed good capacity for treating actual phosphate wastewater under dynamic flow conditions. The mechanism of phosphate adsorption on GS-Z2M mainly involved ligand exchange and inner-sphere complexation. The obtained results suggest that GS-Z2M is a promising adsorbent and vital for the development of phosphate adsorbents and recycling of gasification slag.
{"title":"Phosphate removal performance and mechanism of zirconium-doped magnetic gasification slag","authors":"Baoguo Yang , Fengcheng Jiang , Yinxin Zhao , Hongbin Li , Shengguang Zhang , Kanghui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zirconium-modified materials exhibit good adsorption performance, but their large-scale application is limited by the cost of carrier materials and the difficulty of solid–liquid separation of powder adsorbents. Therefore, in this study, we used low-cost gasification slag for zirconium oxide loading to avoid the aforementioned problems and successfully prepared a novel gasification slag–based zirconium-doped magnetic adsorbent material (GS-Z2M). GS-Z2M is a mesoporous adsorbent material with a large specific surface area (188 m<sup>2</sup>/g); it completely adsorbed phosphate with an initial concentration of 10 mg/L within 3 h. The rate-controlling step of phosphate removal using GS-Z2M was chemisorption. The Langmuir model proved more suitable for describing the adsorption of phosphate on GS-Z2M than the Freundlich and Temkin models, and the maximum phosphate adsorption capacity calculated using the Langmuir model was 26.02 mg/g. GS-Z2M showed good phosphate adsorption selectivity and reusability (can be recycled at least 5 times). GS-Z2M also showed good capacity for treating actual phosphate wastewater under dynamic flow conditions. The mechanism of phosphate adsorption on GS-Z2M mainly involved ligand exchange and inner-sphere complexation. The obtained results suggest that GS-Z2M is a promising adsorbent and vital for the development of phosphate adsorbents and recycling of gasification slag.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":249,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"18 1","pages":"Article 106079"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106084
Xiaochun Zeng , Junran Shao , Dabo Pan , Siying Zeng , Zhenzhong Wang , Xinsheng Yao , Haibo Li , Wei Xiao , Yang Yu
Epimedium total flavonoid capsules (ETFCs), a traditional Chinese patent medicine derived from Epimedium brevicornu Maxim., have been used for centuries to treat primary osteoporosis and are associated with kidney yang deficiency symptoms. Based on the “kidney-brain axis” hypothesis, previous study demonstrated that ETFCs can improve the cognitive function of MCAO rats, and the mechanism may involve the inflammatory response. However, little is known about their therapeutic components and scientific connotations. This study systematically investigates the anti-neuroinflammatory material basis and the mechanisms of ETFCs, integrating UPLC-Q/TOF-MS and UPLC-TQ-MS for chemical profiling, quantitative analysis of key components in rats′ plasma and brain, along with network pharmacology and activity verification. As a result, 65 components were identified. Metabolite profiling showed a total of 130 xenobiotics, highlighting the extensive metabolic transformations. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that primary flavonoid glycosides were quickly absorbed, while secondary glycosides exhibited slower absorption and elimination. In brain tissue, both prototype glycosides and secondary glycosides reached their peak concentrations rapidly, with Tmax between 0.25–1 h, while the prototype glycosides were eliminated after 8 h and secondary glycosides exhibited a secondary peak at 6–8 h. A network pharmacology study revealed that prototypes in blood may play a therapeutic role through targets including AKR1B1, PDE5A, and PTGS2 (COX-2). The LPS-induced BV-2 cell model confirmed ETFCs′ constituents showed inhibitory activities on pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, mRNA expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS and could down-regulate the protein expressions of COX-2 and iNOS. This research lays the foundation for the further development and utilization of ETFCs.
{"title":"Quantitative profiling and mechanisms exploration of Epimedium total flavonoid capsules in neuroinflammation: An integrated study of pharmacokinetics, network pharmacology, and molecular pathways","authors":"Xiaochun Zeng , Junran Shao , Dabo Pan , Siying Zeng , Zhenzhong Wang , Xinsheng Yao , Haibo Li , Wei Xiao , Yang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epimedium total flavonoid capsules (ETFCs), a traditional Chinese patent medicine derived from <em>Epimedium brevicornu</em> Maxim., have been used for centuries to treat primary osteoporosis and are associated with kidney yang deficiency symptoms. Based on the “kidney-brain axis” hypothesis, previous study demonstrated that ETFCs can improve the cognitive function of MCAO rats, and the mechanism may involve the inflammatory response. However, little is known about their therapeutic components and scientific connotations. This study systematically investigates the anti-neuroinflammatory material basis and the mechanisms of ETFCs, integrating UPLC-Q/TOF-MS and UPLC-TQ-MS for chemical profiling, quantitative analysis of key components in rats′ plasma and brain, along with network pharmacology and activity verification. As a result, 65 components were identified. Metabolite profiling showed a total of 130 xenobiotics, highlighting the extensive metabolic transformations. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that primary flavonoid glycosides were quickly absorbed, while secondary glycosides exhibited slower absorption and elimination. In brain tissue, both prototype glycosides and secondary glycosides reached their peak concentrations rapidly, with T<sub>max</sub> between 0.25–1 h, while the prototype glycosides were eliminated after 8 h and secondary glycosides exhibited a secondary peak at 6–8 h. A network pharmacology study revealed that prototypes in blood may play a therapeutic role through targets including AKR1B1, PDE5A, and PTGS2 (COX-2). The LPS-induced BV-2 cell model confirmed ETFCs′ constituents showed inhibitory activities on pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, mRNA expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS and could down-regulate the protein expressions of COX-2 and iNOS. This research lays the foundation for the further development and utilization of ETFCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":249,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"18 1","pages":"Article 106084"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106077
Mustafa Khan , Suxia Yan , Guochun Li , Junfeng Liu , Mohamed R. Ali , Yong Wang
This review explores recent advancements in using biomass-derived materials for alkali metal-sulfur and selenium batteries, which are rapidly evolving in the field of high-energy–density storage systems. At the core of our discussion is the utilization of biomass-derived carbon (BDCs), emphasizing its vital role in enhancing the performance of these batteries. We examine the applications of carbon derived from biomass as hosts, extending our exploration beyond lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries to include a broader range of alkali metal combinations with sulfur and selenium. We emphasize the rational design and strategic use of biomass-derived materials in addressing challenges such as polysulfide and polyselenide dissolution and slow redox kinetics. The review highlights how these carbon materials contribute to high energy density and long cycling lifespans in sulfur and selenium-based batteries, enhancing stability and efficiency. Concluding with a forward-looking perspective, it identifies the ongoing need for innovation in biomass-derived carbon applications to advance alkali metal-sulfur and selenium batteries’ capabilities.
{"title":"Recent progress in biomass-derived carbon for alkali metal-sulfur and selenium batteries","authors":"Mustafa Khan , Suxia Yan , Guochun Li , Junfeng Liu , Mohamed R. Ali , Yong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review explores recent advancements in using biomass-derived materials for alkali metal-sulfur and selenium batteries, which are rapidly evolving in the field of high-energy–density storage systems. At the core of our discussion is the utilization of biomass-derived carbon (BDCs), emphasizing its vital role in enhancing the performance of these batteries. We examine the applications of carbon derived from biomass as hosts, extending our exploration beyond lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries to include a broader range of alkali metal combinations with sulfur and selenium. We emphasize the rational design and strategic use of biomass-derived materials in addressing challenges such as polysulfide and polyselenide dissolution and slow redox kinetics. The review highlights how these carbon materials contribute to high energy density and long cycling lifespans in sulfur and selenium-based batteries, enhancing stability and efficiency. Concluding with a forward-looking perspective, it identifies the ongoing need for innovation in biomass-derived carbon applications to advance alkali metal-sulfur and selenium batteries’ capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":249,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"18 1","pages":"Article 106077"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NQO1 is a FAD containing NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reduction of quinones and related substrates, which plays an important role in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Based on the indolequinone structure from 5-methoxy-2-methylindole, the indolequinone of NQO1 agonists was first coupled with amino-evodiamine derivatives by esterification reaction, and sixteen new compounds targeting NQO1 were developed. Among them, compounds 11b and 12d (IC50 = 2.72 or 3.66 µM, respectively) were showed better activity by cytotoxicity assay than the reference drug EVO (IC50 = 19.65 µM). Furthermore, the results of flow cytometry analysis showed that compounds 11b and 12d promoted apoptosis in A549 cells, blocked the cell cycle to the G2/M stage and caused a burst of reactive oxygen species. Western blotting experiments revealed that compounds 11b and 12d, after 24 h of treatment in A549 cells, downregulate the expression of Keap1 while upregulating the expression of Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1. This suggests that compounds 11b and 12d increase cellular antioxidant capacity by regulating the Keap1/Nrf2/NQO1 antioxidant pathway. In vivo anti-tumor experiments showed that the reference drugs EVO (TGI = 15.94 %) and 5-Fu (TGI = 27.54 %) inhibited the proliferation of tumor tissue, while compound 11b could better inhibit the proliferation of tumor tissue (TGI = 39.13 %). In conclusion, our research results suggest that compounds 11b and 12d are potent agonism of the NQO1 signaling pathway and provide a potential opportunity to improve the treatment of NSCLC.
{"title":"Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of evodiamine-indolequinone hybrids as novel NQO1 agonists against non-small cell lung cancer","authors":"BinBin Wei , Zheng Yang , Hui Guo, YuWei Wang, WenZhuo Chen, Jing Zhou, RuYi Jin, Zheng Wang, YuPing Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>NQO1 is a FAD containing NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reduction of quinones and related substrates, which plays an important role in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Based on the indolequinone structure from 5-methoxy-2-methylindole, the indolequinone of NQO1 agonists was first coupled with amino-evodiamine derivatives by esterification reaction, and sixteen new compounds targeting NQO1 were developed. Among them, compounds <strong>11b</strong> and <strong>12d</strong> (IC<sub>50</sub> = 2.72 or 3.66 µM, respectively) were showed better activity by cytotoxicity assay than the reference drug EVO (IC<sub>50</sub> = 19.65 µM). Furthermore, the results of flow cytometry analysis showed that compounds <strong>11b</strong> and <strong>12d</strong> promoted apoptosis in A549 cells, blocked the cell cycle to the G2/M stage and caused a burst of reactive oxygen species. Western blotting experiments revealed that compounds <strong>11b</strong> and <strong>12d</strong>, after 24 h of treatment in A549 cells, downregulate the expression of Keap1 while upregulating the expression of Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1. This suggests that compounds <strong>11b</strong> and <strong>12d</strong> increase cellular antioxidant capacity by regulating the Keap1/Nrf2/NQO1 antioxidant pathway. In vivo anti-tumor experiments showed that the reference drugs EVO (TGI = 15.94 %) and 5-Fu (TGI = 27.54 %) inhibited the proliferation of tumor tissue, while compound <strong>11b</strong> could better inhibit the proliferation of tumor tissue (TGI = 39.13 %). In conclusion, our research results suggest that compounds <strong>11b</strong> and <strong>12d</strong> are potent agonism of the NQO1 signaling pathway and provide a potential opportunity to improve the treatment of NSCLC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":249,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"18 1","pages":"Article 106075"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-12-14DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106085
Jie Zhang , Yuan Li , Ling Li , Jie-Lin Zhang , Li-Wen Zhong , Jia-Yi Zhang , Shi-Hong Zhong , Rui Gu
Gentiana lawrencei var. farreri (GLF) is one of the varieties of the Tibetan medicinal herb “Bang Jian”, known as “Longdanhua” have been employed in Tibetan medicine for the treatment of inflammatory-related diseases. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of its play on the pharmacodynamic material and anti-inflammatory mechanism are still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we proposed UPLC-Q-TOF/MS combined with network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vitro experimental validation to explore the material basis and potential mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of GLF. Firstly, 43 compounds of GLF were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Next, the potential 6 core active components, 15 core targets and 5 key pathways of GLF for the treatment of inflammation were used to predicted by network pharmacology. Then, molecular docking was used to validate the binding ability of core chemical constituents and core targets of GLF, and the results showed that the 6 core chemical constituents could bind well to 15 core targets, among which isoorientin had the lowest binding energy to AKT1 (−10.5 kcal mol−1). Finally, the promising anti-inflammatory activity of the key component isoorientin was verified by the LPS-induced macrophage inflammation model in RAW264.7 mice. This study revealed the anti-inflammatory pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of GLF, which provide a theoretical basis for the development, utilization, and clinical application of GLF.
龙胆（Gentiana lawrencei var. farreri， GLF）是藏药“邦健”的品种之一，被称为“龙胆花”，在藏医学中用于治疗炎症相关疾病。然而，其发挥抗炎作用的药效学物质和抗炎机制尚不清楚。因此，在本研究中，我们提出UPLC-Q-TOF/MS结合网络药理学、分子对接和体外实验验证，探索GLF抗炎作用的物质基础和潜在机制。首先，通过UPLC-Q-TOF/MS鉴定了43个GLF化合物；接下来，利用网络药理学对GLF治疗炎症的6个核心活性成分、15个核心靶点和5个关键通路进行预测。然后，通过分子对接验证GLF核心化学成分与核心靶点的结合能力，结果表明，6种核心化学成分与15种核心靶点结合良好，其中异荭草苷与AKT1的结合能最低（−10.5 kcal mol−1）。最后，通过lps诱导的RAW264.7小鼠巨噬细胞炎症模型验证了关键成分异荭草苷具有良好的抗炎活性。本研究揭示了GLF的抗炎药效学物质基础和作用机制，为GLF的开发利用和临床应用提供理论依据。
{"title":"Study on pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of Tibetan medicine Gentiana lawrencei var. farreri based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS combined with network pharmacology and molecular docking","authors":"Jie Zhang , Yuan Li , Ling Li , Jie-Lin Zhang , Li-Wen Zhong , Jia-Yi Zhang , Shi-Hong Zhong , Rui Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Gentiana lawrencei</em> var. <em>farreri</em> (GLF) is one of the varieties of the Tibetan medicinal herb “Bang Jian”, known as “Longdanhua” have been employed in Tibetan medicine for the treatment of inflammatory-related diseases. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of its play on the pharmacodynamic material and anti-inflammatory mechanism are still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we proposed UPLC-Q-TOF/MS combined with network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vitro experimental validation to explore the material basis and potential mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of GLF. Firstly, 43 compounds of GLF were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Next, the potential 6 core active components, 15 core targets and 5 key pathways of GLF for the treatment of inflammation were used to predicted by network pharmacology. Then, molecular docking was used to validate the binding ability of core chemical constituents and core targets of GLF, and the results showed that the 6 core chemical constituents could bind well to 15 core targets, among which isoorientin had the lowest binding energy to AKT1 (−10.5 kcal mol<sup>−1</sup>). Finally, the promising anti-inflammatory activity of the key component isoorientin was verified by the LPS-induced macrophage inflammation model in RAW264.7 mice. This study revealed the anti-inflammatory pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of GLF, which provide a theoretical basis for the development, utilization, and clinical application of GLF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":249,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"18 1","pages":"Article 106085"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106076
Fengmin Wu , Qinlin Yuan , Jinlong Wang , Xiaowei Wang , Jie Luo , Yafei Guo , Hang Xu , Xuefeng Wei
In this study, the magnetic CoFe2O4 was fabricated and utilized as catalysts to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT) in model oil with the extraction-coupled catalytic combined with oxidation desulfurization system (ECODS). The prepared magnetic CoFe2O4 was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer VSM etc. The results showed that the prepared magnetic CoFe2O4 with a large specific surface area and exhibited excellent magnetism, phase composition, crystallinity and uniform distribution of the elements. The sulfur removal of DBT in n-octane was 95 % in 60 min at 40 °C under the conditions: 6 mL of model oil (600 ppm), O/S = 3:1 and 125 mg of CoFe2O4 powder. The possible mechanism of desulfurization was proposed by GC–MS. In conclusion, CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles function well in both desulfurization and catalysis for PMS.
{"title":"Oxidative desulfurization catalyzed by magnetically recoverable CoFe2O4 nano-particles","authors":"Fengmin Wu , Qinlin Yuan , Jinlong Wang , Xiaowei Wang , Jie Luo , Yafei Guo , Hang Xu , Xuefeng Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the magnetic CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> was fabricated and utilized as catalysts to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT) in model oil with the extraction-coupled catalytic combined with oxidation desulfurization system (ECODS). The prepared magnetic CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer VSM etc. The results showed that the prepared magnetic CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with a large specific surface area and exhibited excellent magnetism, phase composition, crystallinity and uniform distribution of the elements. The sulfur removal of DBT in n-octane was 95 % in 60 min at 40 °C under the conditions: 6 mL of model oil (600 ppm), O/S = 3:1 and 125 mg of CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> powder. The possible mechanism of desulfurization was proposed by GC–MS. In conclusion, CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> magnetic nanoparticles function well in both desulfurization and catalysis for PMS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":249,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"18 1","pages":"Article 106076"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106039
Su Hui Seong , Bo-Ram Kim , Seahee Han , Jin-Ho Kim , Sua Im , Tae-Su Kim , Chan Seo , Ha-Nul Lee , Jung Eun Kim , Ji Min Jung , Myoung Lae Cho , Kyung-Min Choi , Jin-Woo Jeong
The Quercus genus (oaks) comprises valuable plant resources that are used in many fields, including cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceuticals. Nonetheless, overall chemical profiling and anti-glycation component identification have not been thoroughly performed. In the present study, 70 % ethanolic and water extracts from three oak species (Quercus dentata, Q. serrata, and Q. aliena) showed antioxidant and anti-glycation potential. Thus, the components of the three oak species were profiled using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The analysis showed that phenolic acids, ellagitannins, ellagic acid, procyanidin, and flavonoid (quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and taxifolin) glycosides are the main phenolic compounds. Based on the fluorescence assay, they act as strong inhibitors of non-enzymatic advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formation in the bovine serum albumin (BSA) and skin proteins (collagen and elastin). Furthermore, mass fragmentation analysis demonstrated that ellagitannin, procyanidin B1 and flavonoid glycosides effectively trapped methylglyoxal (MGO), a reactive carbonyl intermediate and an important precursor of AGEs, to generate mono-, di-, or tri-MGO. Collectively, ellagic acid, ellagitannins, procyanidin B1, and flavonoid glycosides, the main active ingredients of three oak species (Q. dentata, Q. serrata, and Q. aliena), may be employed as lead structures in the development of functional foods or drugs to prevent diseases caused by aging and excessive sugar consumption.
{"title":"Phytochemical profiles and protein glycation inhibitory activities of three oak species","authors":"Su Hui Seong , Bo-Ram Kim , Seahee Han , Jin-Ho Kim , Sua Im , Tae-Su Kim , Chan Seo , Ha-Nul Lee , Jung Eun Kim , Ji Min Jung , Myoung Lae Cho , Kyung-Min Choi , Jin-Woo Jeong","doi":"10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Quercus genus (oaks) comprises valuable plant resources that are used in many fields, including cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceuticals. Nonetheless, overall chemical profiling and anti-glycation component identification have not been thoroughly performed. In the present study, 70 % ethanolic and water extracts from three oak species (<em>Quercus dentata, Q. serrata, and Q. aliena)</em> showed antioxidant and anti-glycation potential. Thus, the components of the three oak species were profiled using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The analysis showed that phenolic acids, ellagitannins, ellagic acid, procyanidin, and flavonoid (quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and taxifolin) glycosides are the main phenolic compounds. Based on the fluorescence assay, they act as strong inhibitors of non-enzymatic advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formation in the bovine serum albumin (BSA) and skin proteins (collagen and elastin). Furthermore, mass fragmentation analysis demonstrated that ellagitannin, procyanidin B1 and flavonoid glycosides effectively trapped methylglyoxal (MGO), a reactive carbonyl intermediate and an important precursor of AGEs, to generate mono-, di-, or tri-MGO. Collectively, ellagic acid, ellagitannins, procyanidin B1, and flavonoid glycosides, the main active ingredients of three oak species (<em>Q. dentata, Q. serrata,</em> and <em>Q. aliena)</em>, may be employed as lead structures in the development of functional foods or drugs to prevent diseases caused by aging and excessive sugar consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":249,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"18 1","pages":"Article 106039"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106056
Tianyang Wang , Fang Wang , Ruinan Ren , Yikun He , Qi Yu , Guoan Zhao , Jinling Zhang , Qi Liu , Ying Lyu , Weiwei Jia , Wenbao Wang , Fanchen Meng , Song Lin , Yan Lin
Background
Although still the significance of the lung-gut axis for COPD is increasingly highlighted, it’s urgent to ulteriorly comprehend the sophisticated disturbance of the core material system along the lung-gut axis, which is of great importance for the accurate precaution and prognosis of COPD efficiently.
Aim of the study
The purpose of this study was to analyze the information connections of the lung-gut axis, thus supporting the effective treatment of COPD.
Materials and methods
An integrated multi-omics approach was applied to explore the lung-gut axis in COPD rats. Firstly, based on transcriptomics, the ssGSEA algorithm was used to evaluate changes in pulmonary inflammatory cells. Then, the disturbances of metabolic pathways in lung and feces were revealed by the Lilikoi algorithm using LC-MS and 1H NMR metabolomics. Next, the composition and function of microbial communities in lung and feces were analyzed by 16 s rRNA sequencing. Finally, the association analysis was employed to explore the possible crosstalk between the lung and gut. Furthermore, the core material system in the lung-gut axis was described based on network topology analysis.
Result
Firstly, 1652 differential expression genes (involving in immune response-regulating signaling pathway, etc.) and 15 types of inflammatory cells (including neutrophil, etc.) were identified related to COPD. 135 pulmonary differential metabolites (involving in arachidonic acid metabolism, etc.) and 105 fecal differential metabolites (involving in alanine metabolism, etc.) were revealed by metabolomics. The f_Pasteurellaceae, etc. and g_Ruminococcus_2, etc. were identified associated with COPD in lung and gut. Finally, disturbances of the core material system, composed of macrophage, neutrophil, activated dendritic cell, myeloid derived suppressor cell, arachidonic acid metabolism, alpha linolenic acid & linoleic acid metabolism, g_Psychrobacter in lung and bile secretion, p_Proteobacteria in gut, were obtained to analyze the possible information flow of the lung-gut axis.
Conclusion
The core material system for the lung-gut axis have been revealed, which might contribute to the illustration of the pathogenesis of COPD. In the future, more researches are required on the impact of the core material system in the lung-gut axis on the onset and recovery process of COPD, suggesting more precise identifying effective treatments for the disease.
{"title":"Investigating disturbances of the core material system in the lung-gut axis of COPD based on the transcriptomics-metabolomics-microbiomics integration strategy","authors":"Tianyang Wang , Fang Wang , Ruinan Ren , Yikun He , Qi Yu , Guoan Zhao , Jinling Zhang , Qi Liu , Ying Lyu , Weiwei Jia , Wenbao Wang , Fanchen Meng , Song Lin , Yan Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.106056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although still the significance of the lung-gut axis for COPD is increasingly highlighted, it’s urgent to ulteriorly comprehend the sophisticated disturbance of the core material system along the lung-gut axis, which is of great importance for the accurate precaution and prognosis of COPD efficiently.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>The purpose of this study was to analyze the information connections of the lung-gut axis, thus supporting the effective treatment of COPD.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>An integrated multi-omics approach was applied to explore the lung-gut axis in COPD rats. Firstly, based on transcriptomics, the ssGSEA algorithm was used to evaluate changes in pulmonary inflammatory cells. Then, the disturbances of metabolic pathways in lung and feces were revealed by the Lilikoi algorithm using LC-MS and <sup>1</sup>H NMR metabolomics. Next, the composition and function of microbial communities in lung and feces were analyzed by 16 s rRNA sequencing. Finally, the association analysis was employed to explore the possible crosstalk between the lung and gut. Furthermore, the core material system in the lung-gut axis was described based on network topology analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Firstly, 1652 differential expression genes (involving in immune response-regulating signaling pathway, etc.) and 15 types of inflammatory cells (including neutrophil, etc.) were identified related to COPD. 135 pulmonary differential metabolites (involving in arachidonic acid metabolism, etc.) and 105 fecal differential metabolites (involving in alanine metabolism, etc.) were revealed by metabolomics. The f_<em>Pasteurellaceae</em>, etc. and g_<em>Ruminococcus_2</em>, etc. were identified associated with COPD in lung and gut. Finally, disturbances of the core material system, composed of macrophage, neutrophil, activated dendritic cell, myeloid derived suppressor cell, arachidonic acid metabolism, alpha linolenic acid & linoleic acid metabolism, g_<em>Psychrobacter</em> in lung and bile secretion, p_<em>Proteobacteria</em> in gut, were obtained to analyze the possible information flow of the lung-gut axis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The core material system for the lung-gut axis have been revealed, which might contribute to the illustration of the pathogenesis of COPD. In the future, more researches are required on the impact of the core material system in the lung-gut axis on the onset and recovery process of COPD, suggesting more precise identifying effective treatments for the disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":249,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"18 1","pages":"Article 106056"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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