After years of experimenting, the “One must do, five reductions” (1M5R) (in Vietnam referred to as 1P5G) is being promoted by Vietnam’s Department of Crop Production as an advanced technique in rice production. Nevertheless, a certain proportion of rice farmers in the Mekong Delta are reluctant to implement 1M5R. This study collected data from 116 rice farming households in Soc Trang province to assess factors influencing the decision to adopt the new technique. The result showed that the 1M5R model offers better economic efficiency than the traditional producing model in terms of profit, revenue/cost ratio, and profit/cost ratio. The estimated Binary Logistic model revealed that labor, production experience, and production area significantly contribute to farmers’ adoption of 1M5R. These results are empirical evidence of the potential of 1M5R, which supporting its promotion in Vietnam’s Mekong River Delta
{"title":"Factors influencing the adoption of “One Must Do, Five Reductions” in rice production in the Mekong River Delta: A case study in Soc Trang province, Vietnam","authors":"T. N. Nguyen","doi":"10.52997/jad.2.03.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52997/jad.2.03.2022","url":null,"abstract":"After years of experimenting, the “One must do, five reductions” (1M5R) (in Vietnam referred to as 1P5G) is being promoted by Vietnam’s Department of Crop Production as an advanced technique in rice production. Nevertheless, a certain proportion of rice farmers in the Mekong Delta are reluctant to implement 1M5R. This study collected data from 116 rice farming households in Soc Trang province to assess factors influencing the decision to adopt the new technique. The result showed that the 1M5R model offers better economic efficiency than the traditional producing model in terms of profit, revenue/cost ratio, and profit/cost ratio. The estimated Binary Logistic model revealed that labor, production experience, and production area significantly contribute to farmers’ adoption of 1M5R. These results are empirical evidence of the potential of 1M5R, which supporting its promotion in Vietnam’s Mekong River Delta","PeriodicalId":250563,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117204144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spent coffee ground has attracted increasing attentions since it contains many useful components such as polysaccharides, protein, lipid and bioactive compounds. The aim of this research is to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis to release important sugars in spent coffee ground using different pretreatment methods. Spent coffee grounds were pretreated by alkali pretreatment, organosolv pretreatment and the combined process. The pretreated material was hydrolyzed by different commercial enzymes including Cellulast, Pectinex, Ultraflomax and Viscozyme. Monosaccharides, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in the hydrolysate were measured and evaluated. The use of Viscozyme achieved the highest reducing sugar yield and showed the significant difference from other enzymes. Alkali and organosolv pretreatment demonstrated to improve the production of sugars. The alkali pretreatment followed by organosolv treatment effectively removed lignin, resulting in only 14% lignin in the pretreated sample. The maximum reducing sugar concentration reached 6120 mg/L through two-step pretreatment and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis, corresponding to a yield of 161 mg sugar/g substrate. The spent coffee ground hydrolysate contained 2917 mg/L mannose, 1633 mg/L glucose and 957 mg/L galactose. Phenolic compounds were observed to be released during the enzymatic hydrolysis, giving a total phenolic content of 174.4 mg GAE/L and the SCG hydrolysate also showed an antioxidant capacity equivalent to 263.2 mg/L ascorbic acid after 120 h hydrolysis. This study demonstrated a scalable two-step pretreatment process to obtain important sugars including mannose, glucose, and galactose along with phenolic compounds for further industrial uses.
{"title":"Two-step pretreatment for improving enzymatic hydrolysis of spent coffee grounds","authors":"L. Trinh","doi":"10.52997/jad.6.03.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52997/jad.6.03.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Spent coffee ground has attracted increasing attentions since it contains many useful components such as polysaccharides, protein, lipid and bioactive compounds. The aim of this research is to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis to release important sugars in spent coffee ground using different pretreatment methods. Spent coffee grounds were pretreated by alkali pretreatment, organosolv pretreatment and the combined process. The pretreated material was hydrolyzed by different commercial enzymes including Cellulast, Pectinex, Ultraflomax and Viscozyme. Monosaccharides, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in the hydrolysate were measured and evaluated. The use of Viscozyme achieved the highest reducing sugar yield and showed the significant difference from other enzymes. Alkali and organosolv pretreatment demonstrated to improve the production of sugars. The alkali pretreatment followed by organosolv treatment effectively removed lignin, resulting in only 14% lignin in the pretreated sample. The maximum reducing sugar concentration reached 6120 mg/L through two-step pretreatment and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis, corresponding to a yield of 161 mg sugar/g substrate. The spent coffee ground hydrolysate contained 2917 mg/L mannose, 1633 mg/L glucose and 957 mg/L galactose. Phenolic compounds were observed to be released during the enzymatic hydrolysis, giving a total phenolic content of 174.4 mg GAE/L and the SCG hydrolysate also showed an antioxidant capacity equivalent to 263.2 mg/L ascorbic acid after 120 h hydrolysis. This study demonstrated a scalable two-step pretreatment process to obtain important sugars including mannose, glucose, and galactose along with phenolic compounds for further industrial uses.","PeriodicalId":250563,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130163085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-pressure processing is an emerging technology in the food industry. The application of high-pressure processing has shown a huge potential for improving the physicochemical, microbial, and sensory quality of aquatic products. The inactivation of microorganisms and autolytic enzymes by high-pressure processing results in an extension of fish muscles’ shelf life. High pressure inhibits the formation of putrefactive compounds and maintains the hardness of fish muscles, resulting in higher sensory quality compared to untreated muscle over storage time. However, the drawbacks such as discoloration, protein denaturation, and lipid oxidation could limit the application of high pressure on fish muscles. Besides, the gel formed by pressure-induction or high-pressure freezing/thawing of aquatic is being investigated intensively to obtain the benefits of high-pressure processing on aquatic products.
{"title":"High pressure processing technology of aquatic products","authors":"Binh Q. Truong","doi":"10.52997/jad.5.02.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52997/jad.5.02.2022","url":null,"abstract":"High-pressure processing is an emerging technology in the food industry. The application of high-pressure processing has shown a huge potential for improving the physicochemical, microbial, and sensory quality of aquatic products. The inactivation of microorganisms and autolytic enzymes by high-pressure processing results in an extension of fish muscles’ shelf life. High pressure inhibits the formation of putrefactive compounds and maintains the hardness of fish muscles, resulting in higher sensory quality compared to untreated muscle over storage time. However, the drawbacks such as discoloration, protein denaturation, and lipid oxidation could limit the application of high pressure on fish muscles. Besides, the gel formed by pressure-induction or high-pressure freezing/thawing of aquatic is being investigated intensively to obtain the benefits of high-pressure processing on aquatic products.","PeriodicalId":250563,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124048136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Q. Le, Thy Duong, Thinh V. D. Nguyen, H. T. T. Tran
Dinh Quan is a mountainous agricultural district in Dong Nai province, focusing on agricultural development. Estimating reference and current crop evapotranspiration, as well as irrigation water requirements, is an essential foundation for effective irrigation planning for some perennial fruit crops (mandarin, banana, and mango) to manage water resources in a reasonable and sustainable way. Applying the FAO Penman-Monteith equation combined with the CROPWAT model, reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo), current crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and irrigation water requirement (IWR) of some perennial fruit crops being cultivated mainly in Dinh Quan district (banana, mandarin, and mango) were estimated. The total amount of water required for irrigation in the year of mandarin, mango, and banana trees in the study area was determined to be 592.6 mm, 473.0 mm, and 976.4 mm, respectively, corresponding to 5,926 m3/ha, 4,730 m3/ha and 9,764 m3/ha. Based on this result, the annual irrigation water requirement of the study area was calculated to be around 46 million m3 for the cultivation of mango, banana, and mandarin, mainly in the dry season (accounting for more than 95%). With current farming practices and using water resources, if there are no effective management measures and solutions, it may lead to a shortage of water for future production, especially in the dry season.
{"title":"Assessment of irrigation situation and water requirement in perennial fruit crops in Dinh Quan district, Dong Nai province","authors":"T. Q. Le, Thy Duong, Thinh V. D. Nguyen, H. T. T. Tran","doi":"10.52997/jad.8.02.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52997/jad.8.02.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Dinh Quan is a mountainous agricultural district in Dong Nai province, focusing on agricultural development. Estimating reference and current crop evapotranspiration, as well as irrigation water requirements, is an essential foundation for effective irrigation planning for some perennial fruit crops (mandarin, banana, and mango) to manage water resources in a reasonable and sustainable way. Applying the FAO Penman-Monteith equation combined with the CROPWAT model, reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo), current crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and irrigation water requirement (IWR) of some perennial fruit crops being cultivated mainly in Dinh Quan district (banana, mandarin, and mango) were estimated. The total amount of water required for irrigation in the year of mandarin, mango, and banana trees in the study area was determined to be 592.6 mm, 473.0 mm, and 976.4 mm, respectively, corresponding to 5,926 m3/ha, 4,730 m3/ha and 9,764 m3/ha. Based on this result, the annual irrigation water requirement of the study area was calculated to be around 46 million m3 for the cultivation of mango, banana, and mandarin, mainly in the dry season (accounting for more than 95%). With current farming practices and using water resources, if there are no effective management measures and solutions, it may lead to a shortage of water for future production, especially in the dry season.","PeriodicalId":250563,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125119619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Production is often affected by natural, economic and social factors, as well as the correlation between these factors that will lead to sustainability in agricultural production. This study aimed at identifying and analyzing the correlation among factors impacting on farming patterns in Ben Tre province. The Expert methods (KIP), Cronbach’s Alpha and Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), χ2- Chi-square and Binary Logistic analysis were applied to determine and to analyse the correlation among factors. The results identified 4 main factors (people, policies, economy and natural conditions) and 16 sub-factors. The factors such as salty influence, land use policy, financial support policy and experience were correlated with almost other factors. The factors such as influence of soil quality, policies on product consumption, market, selling price, technical level and labor resources were not much correlated with other factors. The factors such as drought influence, flooding effect, technical support policies, financial capacity, capital capacity and education level were correlated with a few other factors. The land use policy factor was closely correlated to other factors.
{"title":"Analysis of the correlation of factors impacting on farming patterns in Ben Tre province","authors":"Lois Le, X. Mai","doi":"10.52997/jad.7.02.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52997/jad.7.02.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Production is often affected by natural, economic and social factors, as well as the correlation between these factors that will lead to sustainability in agricultural production. This study aimed at identifying and analyzing the correlation among factors impacting on farming patterns in Ben Tre province. The Expert methods (KIP), Cronbach’s Alpha and Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), χ2- Chi-square and Binary Logistic analysis were applied to determine and to analyse the correlation among factors. The results identified 4 main factors (people, policies, economy and natural conditions) and 16 sub-factors. The factors such as salty influence, land use policy, financial support policy and experience were correlated with almost other factors. The factors such as influence of soil quality, policies on product consumption, market, selling price, technical level and labor resources were not much correlated with other factors. The factors such as drought influence, flooding effect, technical support policies, financial capacity, capital capacity and education level were correlated with a few other factors. The land use policy factor was closely correlated to other factors.","PeriodicalId":250563,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115674496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was conducted to determine the levels of antibiotic resistance and multiple antibiotic resistance of 150 Vibrio spp. isolates from white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) collected from Binh Dien Wholesale Market in Ho Chi Minh City. Ten antibiotics were used to test the resistance of Vibrio ssp. isolates including ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Antibiotic susceptibility test results showed that the percentage of Vibrio spp. resistance to the above antibiotics was 92; 12; 0; 0; 3.3; 80; 3.3; 46.7; 3.3 and 18.0%, respectively. The percentage of multiple resistant isolates from two to five tested antibiotics was 88.7%. Especially, none of the isolates were sensitive to all tested antibiotics. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index value was 0.259 indicating that these isolates were exposed to high-risk sources of contamination where antibiotics were commonly used.
{"title":"Antibiotic resistance of Vibrio spp. isolated from white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) collected from Binh Dien Wholesale Market","authors":"Hue N. D. Truyen, Thinh H. Nguyen","doi":"10.52997/jad.6.02.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52997/jad.6.02.2022","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to determine the levels of antibiotic resistance and multiple antibiotic resistance of 150 Vibrio spp. isolates from white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) collected from Binh Dien Wholesale Market in Ho Chi Minh City. Ten antibiotics were used to test the resistance of Vibrio ssp. isolates including ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Antibiotic susceptibility test results showed that the percentage of Vibrio spp. resistance to the above antibiotics was 92; 12; 0; 0; 3.3; 80; 3.3; 46.7; 3.3 and 18.0%, respectively. The percentage of multiple resistant isolates from two to five tested antibiotics was 88.7%. Especially, none of the isolates were sensitive to all tested antibiotics. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index value was 0.259 indicating that these isolates were exposed to high-risk sources of contamination where antibiotics were commonly used.","PeriodicalId":250563,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"284 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115291099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a new attenuated Gumboro vaccine, MB-1 in Luong Phuong chickens. A total of 27,700 one-day-old Luong Phuong chicks were vaccinated with the MB-1 vaccine at a dose of 0.1 mL/bird at the hatchery. The results showed that the level of IBD maternal antibodies on the day of vaccination reaching an average titer of 4,857. The MB-1 vaccine virus was in the Bursa of Fabricius from 24 to 36 days old. The Bursa Lesion Score (BLS) was moderate; gradually increased from 0.67 to 3 points and decreased with signs of recovery to 2.33 points at 36 days of age. The Bursa Index at 21 days of age was 0.39% and decreased to 0.1% at 36 days of age. The humoral immune response to ND vaccination was high, reaching an average titer of 4,448 at 42 days of age. Especially, MB-1 induced a strong immune reaction leading to high IBD antibody titers and more uniformity, reaching an average titer of 3,632 with a low CV of 22%. In summary, the application of MB-1 vaccine at the hatchery would provide one-day-old chicks with early localization of the vaccine virus in the Bursa and rapid and uniform development of active IBD antibodies. The MB-1 vaccine did not affect the immune response of chicks to the ND vaccination and was safe for the Bursa when applied to commercial day-old broiler chicks at the hatchery.
{"title":"A field study on the evaluation of safety and effectiveness of the attenuated Infectious Bursal disease vaccine when applied to day-old chicks at the hatchery","authors":"A. T. Quach, O. Nguyen, Ho M. Nguyen, D. Nguyen","doi":"10.52997/jad.4.02.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52997/jad.4.02.2022","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a new attenuated Gumboro vaccine, MB-1 in Luong Phuong chickens. A total of 27,700 one-day-old Luong Phuong chicks were vaccinated with the MB-1 vaccine at a dose of 0.1 mL/bird at the hatchery. The results showed that the level of IBD maternal antibodies on the day of vaccination reaching an average titer of 4,857. The MB-1 vaccine virus was in the Bursa of Fabricius from 24 to 36 days old. The Bursa Lesion Score (BLS) was moderate; gradually increased from 0.67 to 3 points and decreased with signs of recovery to 2.33 points at 36 days of age. The Bursa Index at 21 days of age was 0.39% and decreased to 0.1% at 36 days of age. The humoral immune response to ND vaccination was high, reaching an average titer of 4,448 at 42 days of age. Especially, MB-1 induced a strong immune reaction leading to high IBD antibody titers and more uniformity, reaching an average titer of 3,632 with a low CV of 22%. In summary, the application of MB-1 vaccine at the hatchery would provide one-day-old chicks with early localization of the vaccine virus in the Bursa and rapid and uniform development of active IBD antibodies. The MB-1 vaccine did not affect the immune response of chicks to the ND vaccination and was safe for the Bursa when applied to commercial day-old broiler chicks at the hatchery.","PeriodicalId":250563,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129280016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) is one of the most serious diseases that has caused heavy losses in starch yield. In vitro propagation from CMD disease-free cassava is the optimal method to produce healthy seedlings. Identification of a suitable growth medium for the development of ex vitro plantlets during the acclimation stage is an important step in order to obtain healthy plant. In this study, common substrates such as coir, rice husk ash, and vermicompost were mixed in different proportions to create formulations for the autotrophic stage of disease-free KM140 cassava plants. The parameters measured including plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, number of branches, root length, dry matter ratio of leaves, roots, survival rate, and percentage of nurse stage cassava plantlets were evaluated. The results showed that cassava plants were transferred from in vitro to ex vitro environments gained a survival rate of 84.5% in coir substrate after 1 week. The growth medium contained a mix of 85% coir + 10% rice husk ash + 5% vermicompost was suitable for the growth and development of KM140 cassava plantlets. In this condition, the plantlets reached height of 38.8 cm with 22.0 leaves and the percentage of commercialisable plantlets reached 85.3%.
{"title":"Effects of growth media on growth and commercialisable percentage of disease-free cassava cultivar KM140 (Manihot esculenta Crantz “KM140”)","authors":"Duyen T. T. Nguyen, N. Nguyen, M. Nguyen","doi":"10.52997/jad.3.02.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52997/jad.3.02.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) is one of the most serious diseases that has caused heavy losses in starch yield. In vitro propagation from CMD disease-free cassava is the optimal method to produce healthy seedlings. Identification of a suitable growth medium for the development of ex vitro plantlets during the acclimation stage is an important step in order to obtain healthy plant. In this study, common substrates such as coir, rice husk ash, and vermicompost were mixed in different proportions to create formulations for the autotrophic stage of disease-free KM140 cassava plants. The parameters measured including plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, number of branches, root length, dry matter ratio of leaves, roots, survival rate, and percentage of nurse stage cassava plantlets were evaluated. The results showed that cassava plants were transferred from in vitro to ex vitro environments gained a survival rate of 84.5% in coir substrate after 1 week. The growth medium contained a mix of 85% coir + 10% rice husk ash + 5% vermicompost was suitable for the growth and development of KM140 cassava plantlets. In this condition, the plantlets reached height of 38.8 cm with 22.0 leaves and the percentage of commercialisable plantlets reached 85.3%.","PeriodicalId":250563,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134430777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Duong T. T. Pham, H. Thai, T. M. Bui, T. H. Nguyen, K. Nguyen
The objectives of the study were to evaluate the current status of paclobutrazol (PBZ) used for flowering treatment for durian cultivation in Tien Giang and Ben Tre provinces and to analyze residual PBZ in the soil as a basis for recommending the use of PBZ. In each province, 60 households were directly interviewed by prepared questionnaires. Then, 15 selected households with continuous use of the PBZ for at least 5 years in durian cultivation to conduct soil sampling at depths of 0 to 20, 20 to 40, and 40 to 60 cm at the canopy edge and one-half of the canopy diameter for analysis of PBZ residue. The results of the study revealed that there were 65.0% of households in Tien Giang province and 18.3% of households in Ben Tre province using PBZ higher than the recommended level, viz., the average concentrations of PBZ used in Tien Giang and Ben Tre were 1,816 ppm and 1,240 ppm, respectively. The highest average PBZ concentration in the soil was taken at the canopy edge at a depth of 0 to 20 cm, reaching 1.036 mg per kg (Tien Giang province) and 0.480 mg per kg (Ben Tre province). There was no residual PBZ in the soil samples collected at one-half of the canopy diameter at a depth of 40 to 60 cm.
{"title":"Current status of paclobutrazol application and its residue in durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) orchard soil in Tien Giang and Ben Tre provinces","authors":"Duong T. T. Pham, H. Thai, T. M. Bui, T. H. Nguyen, K. Nguyen","doi":"10.52997/jad.1.02.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52997/jad.1.02.2022","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of the study were to evaluate the current status of paclobutrazol (PBZ) used for flowering treatment for durian cultivation in Tien Giang and Ben Tre provinces and to analyze residual PBZ in the soil as a basis for recommending the use of PBZ. In each province, 60 households were directly interviewed by prepared questionnaires. Then, 15 selected households with continuous use of the PBZ for at least 5 years in durian cultivation to conduct soil sampling at depths of 0 to 20, 20 to 40, and 40 to 60 cm at the canopy edge and one-half of the canopy diameter for analysis of PBZ residue. The results of the study revealed that there were 65.0% of households in Tien Giang province and 18.3% of households in Ben Tre province using PBZ higher than the recommended level, viz., the average concentrations of PBZ used in Tien Giang and Ben Tre were 1,816 ppm and 1,240 ppm, respectively. The highest average PBZ concentration in the soil was taken at the canopy edge at a depth of 0 to 20 cm, reaching 1.036 mg per kg (Tien Giang province) and 0.480 mg per kg (Ben Tre province). There was no residual PBZ in the soil samples collected at one-half of the canopy diameter at a depth of 40 to 60 cm.","PeriodicalId":250563,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115543637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to construct standing stem and commercial timber volume functions at the individual tree level of Melaleuca cajuput plantations. The inside bark and outside bark stem volume functions were constructed from 56 sample trees at the diameter classes of 4 to 16 cm. The appropriate volume functions are tested from five candidate functions. The applicability of the volume functions were tested from 10 trees that were not included in the construction of the volume functions. The research results showed that the function V = a + b(D2 * H)c was a suitable function to build the inside bark stem volume function of Melaleuca cajuput. The function V = a + b(D2H) + c(DdHe) was a suitable function to build the outside bark stem and commercial timber volume functions of Melaleuca cajuput. The volume functions gave errors less than 5.0%. Compared with the inside bark stem volume, the average ratio for the outside bark stem volume, inside bark and outside bark commercial timber volume, and bark volume was 65.7%, 95.2%, 60.6% and 34.3%, respectively.
本研究的目的是在单树水平上构建千层树人工林的立木和商品木材体积函数。以直径为4 ~ 16 cm的56棵样本树为样本，构建了树皮内、树皮外的体积函数。从五个候选函数中测试合适的体积函数。从未包含在体积函数构造中的10棵树中测试了体积函数的适用性。研究结果表明，函数V = a + b(D2 * H)c是构建千层木树皮内茎体积函数的合适函数。函数V = a + b(D2H) + c(DdHe)是构建千层木外皮茎和商品木材体积函数的合适函数。体积函数的误差小于5.0%。与内树皮茎体积相比，外树皮茎体积、内树皮和外树皮商品木材体积和树皮体积的平均比值分别为65.7%、95.2%、60.6%和34.3%。
{"title":"Stem volume functions for Melaleuca cajuputi trees in Southwestern Region","authors":"Them V. Nguyen","doi":"10.52997/jad.2.02.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52997/jad.2.02.2022","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to construct standing stem and commercial timber volume functions at the individual tree level of Melaleuca cajuput plantations. The inside bark and outside bark stem volume functions were constructed from 56 sample trees at the diameter classes of 4 to 16 cm. The appropriate volume functions are tested from five candidate functions. The applicability of the volume functions were tested from 10 trees that were not included in the construction of the volume functions. The research results showed that the function V = a + b(D2 * H)c was a suitable function to build the inside bark stem volume function of Melaleuca cajuput. The function V = a + b(D2H) + c(DdHe) was a suitable function to build the outside bark stem and commercial timber volume functions of Melaleuca cajuput. The volume functions gave errors less than 5.0%. Compared with the inside bark stem volume, the average ratio for the outside bark stem volume, inside bark and outside bark commercial timber volume, and bark volume was 65.7%, 95.2%, 60.6% and 34.3%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":250563,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agriculture and Development","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127697434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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