Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.13052/2023.aces.j.380203
Yakang Pei, Wei Yan, Hao Ma, Mengxia Zhou, Jian Yang
This paper proposes a method for building a high-frequency model of common-mode chokes in the frequency range of 9kHz to 200MHz. The method only needs to measure the common mode and differential mode impedance data of the common mode choke, and then use the differential evolution algorithm to process the impedance data to complete its high-frequency modeling. Comparison with the high-frequency model obtained by using a genetic algorithm shows that the method has high accuracy. After the high frequency modeling of the common mode chokes, the high frequency modeling of the X and Y capacitors is performed using the differential evolution algorithm, and the high frequency model of the EMI filter is obtained by combining it with the established high frequency model of common mode chokes. By comparing the measured and simulated conducted interference noise suppression effect of the EMI filter, the high frequency model of the common mode chokes is verified to suppress the conducted interference, and the effectiveness of the common mode choke high frequency modeling method is determined.
{"title":"Study of High Frequency Characteristics Modeling and EMI Suppression of Common Mode Chokes","authors":"Yakang Pei, Wei Yan, Hao Ma, Mengxia Zhou, Jian Yang","doi":"10.13052/2023.aces.j.380203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/2023.aces.j.380203","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a method for building a high-frequency model of common-mode chokes in the frequency range of 9kHz to 200MHz. The method only needs to measure the common mode and differential mode impedance data of the common mode choke, and then use the differential evolution algorithm to process the impedance data to complete its high-frequency modeling. Comparison with the high-frequency model obtained by using a genetic algorithm shows that the method has high accuracy. After the high frequency modeling of the common mode chokes, the high frequency modeling of the X and Y capacitors is performed using the differential evolution algorithm, and the high frequency model of the EMI filter is obtained by combining it with the established high frequency model of common mode chokes. By comparing the measured and simulated conducted interference noise suppression effect of the EMI filter, the high frequency model of the common mode chokes is verified to suppress the conducted interference, and the effectiveness of the common mode choke high frequency modeling method is determined.","PeriodicalId":250668,"journal":{"name":"The Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES)","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121687972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a multi-core twisted wire model with random non-uniform twists is established. The random combination of complete and non-complete pitch sections is used to accurately simulate the randomness of actual multi-core twisted wires. On the basis of the model, the cross section of the cascaded MTL is obtained, and a neural network algorithm is used to describe the complex relationship between the arbitrary position of the multi-core twisted wires and the unit length parameters. The unit length parameters at any position are obtained by cross section rotational transformation and random transposition transformation between conductors. Finally, the crosstalk in electromagnetic compatibility performance is calculated, and different termination impedances are analyzed. The results show that the crosstalk of multi-core twisted wires is susceptible to the effects of twisting and termination impedance at high frequencies, and the reliability of the proposed method is verified by comparison with full-wave simulation.
{"title":"Analyze the Crosstalk of Multi-core Twisted Wires and the Effect of Non-matched Impedance Based on BSAS-BPNN Algorithm","authors":"Fubin Pang, Jianfei Ji, Jiafei Ding, Wu Zhang, Dong Xu, Mengxia Zhou","doi":"10.13052/2023.aces.j.380202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/2023.aces.j.380202","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a multi-core twisted wire model with random non-uniform twists is established. The random combination of complete and non-complete pitch sections is used to accurately simulate the randomness of actual multi-core twisted wires. On the basis of the model, the cross section of the cascaded MTL is obtained, and a neural network algorithm is used to describe the complex relationship between the arbitrary position of the multi-core twisted wires and the unit length parameters. The unit length parameters at any position are obtained by cross section rotational transformation and random transposition transformation between conductors. Finally, the crosstalk in electromagnetic compatibility performance is calculated, and different termination impedances are analyzed. The results show that the crosstalk of multi-core twisted wires is susceptible to the effects of twisting and termination impedance at high frequencies, and the reliability of the proposed method is verified by comparison with full-wave simulation.","PeriodicalId":250668,"journal":{"name":"The Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133497882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.13052/2023.aces.j.380204
Z. Jiang, Y. Zheng, X. Xuan, N. Nie
A single-element antenna is usually unable to meet the communication requirements of the wireless system, and the main solution is to use array antenna. The desire to reduce weight and cost of array antenna gave rise to sparse array. A linearly polarized sparse array antenna with ultra-wideband wide-angle scanning characteristics based on genetic algorithm (GA) is developed in this paper. The antenna array consists of 40 units, which is arranged by rectangular array with side length of 300 mm. Compared to the conventional periodic array, the proposed sparse array has reduced about 190 antenna elements. The sparse array can achieve S11 < -10 dB in the ultra-wideband of 3–12 GHz (120%). Experimental results for proposed antenna exhibit azimuth scanning angle of ±45°, pitching scanning angle of ±30°.
{"title":"A Novel Ultra-Wideband Wide-angle Scanning Sparse Array Antenna using Genetic Algorithm","authors":"Z. Jiang, Y. Zheng, X. Xuan, N. Nie","doi":"10.13052/2023.aces.j.380204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/2023.aces.j.380204","url":null,"abstract":"A single-element antenna is usually unable to meet the communication requirements of the wireless system, and the main solution is to use array antenna. The desire to reduce weight and cost of array antenna gave rise to sparse array. A linearly polarized sparse array antenna with ultra-wideband wide-angle scanning characteristics based on genetic algorithm (GA) is developed in this paper. The antenna array consists of 40 units, which is arranged by rectangular array with side length of 300 mm. Compared to the conventional periodic array, the proposed sparse array has reduced about 190 antenna elements. The sparse array can achieve S11 < -10 dB in the ultra-wideband of 3–12 GHz (120%). Experimental results for proposed antenna exhibit azimuth scanning angle of ±45°, pitching scanning angle of ±30°.","PeriodicalId":250668,"journal":{"name":"The Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES)","volume":"11 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123682565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.13052/2023.aces.j.380201
G. Sener
Antenna synthesis refers to determining the antenna current distribution by evaluating the inverse Fourier integral of its radiation pattern. Since this integral is highly oscillatory, Levin’s method can be used for the solution, providing high accuracy. In Levin’s method, the integration domain is divided into equally spaced sub-intervals, and the integrals are solved by transferring them into differential equations. This article uses a new optimization algorithm to determine the location of these interval points (knots) to improve the method’s accuracy. Two different antenna design examples are presented to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method for antenna synthesis applications.
{"title":"Antenna Synthesis by Levin’s Method using a Novel Optimization Algorithm for Knot Placement","authors":"G. Sener","doi":"10.13052/2023.aces.j.380201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/2023.aces.j.380201","url":null,"abstract":"Antenna synthesis refers to determining the antenna current distribution by evaluating the inverse Fourier integral of its radiation pattern. Since this integral is highly oscillatory, Levin’s method can be used for the solution, providing high accuracy. In Levin’s method, the integration domain is divided into equally spaced sub-intervals, and the integrals are solved by transferring them into differential equations. This article uses a new optimization algorithm to determine the location of these interval points (knots) to improve the method’s accuracy. Two different antenna design examples are presented to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method for antenna synthesis applications.","PeriodicalId":250668,"journal":{"name":"The Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132384133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.13052/2023.aces.j.380207
Muhammad Sajjad, X. Kong, Shaobin Liu, S. Rahman, Zakir Khan, Owais
We present a tunable ultra-wideband (UWB) absorber based on a multilayer of “E” shaped graphene patterns. The numerically calculated results indicate that the absorption of the proposed design is above 95% in the range of 1.12 to 14.04 THz. By using the multiple layers of graphene, the relative bandwidth is 95% and reaches up to 170% of the central frequency. Furthermore, for transverse electric polarization mode at a resonating frequency of 1.68, 3.99, 7.51, 13.56, and 17.74 THz the absolute value exceeds 99.57, 99.37, 99.94, 99.86, and 99.09%, respectively. Also, owing to the structure’s rotational symmetry, the absorber is insensitive to both transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) polarization. The absorption peaks and frequency band can be controlled effectively by altering the Fermi level of graphene without modifying the structure manually. Moreover, the absorber exhibits steady absorption over an incident angle of 0o to 60o, with just a minor decrease in bandwidth around 60o.
{"title":"Ultra-wideband Terahertz Absorber Based on E Shape Graphene Pattern","authors":"Muhammad Sajjad, X. Kong, Shaobin Liu, S. Rahman, Zakir Khan, Owais","doi":"10.13052/2023.aces.j.380207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/2023.aces.j.380207","url":null,"abstract":"We present a tunable ultra-wideband (UWB) absorber based on a multilayer of “E” shaped graphene patterns. The numerically calculated results indicate that the absorption of the proposed design is above 95% in the range of 1.12 to 14.04 THz. By using the multiple layers of graphene, the relative bandwidth is 95% and reaches up to 170% of the central frequency. Furthermore, for transverse electric polarization mode at a resonating frequency of 1.68, 3.99, 7.51, 13.56, and 17.74 THz the absolute value exceeds 99.57, 99.37, 99.94, 99.86, and 99.09%, respectively. Also, owing to the structure’s rotational symmetry, the absorber is insensitive to both transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) polarization. The absorption peaks and frequency band can be controlled effectively by altering the Fermi level of graphene without modifying the structure manually. Moreover, the absorber exhibits steady absorption over an incident angle of 0o to 60o, with just a minor decrease in bandwidth around 60o.","PeriodicalId":250668,"journal":{"name":"The Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES)","volume":"388 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125316235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the operation of high-speed trains, the pantograph will inevitably have occasional and instantaneous separations from the power supply line, resulting in the pantograph catenary arc (PCA). The diverse states of PCA generated in different sections of the power supply line will lead to various electromagnetic interference (EMI). To study the transient characteristics of PCA, firstly, the voltage and the dissipative power of PCA at the common and neutral sections of the power supply line are analyzed and calculated respectively. Secondly, two PCA models that describe the different PCA states are established based on the improved Habedank arc model. Finally, the high-frequency transient voltage and current of the PCA when high-speed trains pass through the common and neutral sections at different speeds are obtained by simulation. In this paper, we comprehensively study the model and the transient characteristics of PCA, which provides a theoretical basis and relevant data for further study of its EMI.
{"title":"Research on the Model and Transient Characteristics of the Pantograph-Catenary Arc in Different Sections of Power Supply Lines","authors":"Yutao Tang, Fei Li, Chao Zhou, Yulin Wang, Feng Zhu","doi":"10.13052/2023.aces.j.380205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/2023.aces.j.380205","url":null,"abstract":"During the operation of high-speed trains, the pantograph will inevitably have occasional and instantaneous separations from the power supply line, resulting in the pantograph catenary arc (PCA). The diverse states of PCA generated in different sections of the power supply line will lead to various electromagnetic interference (EMI). To study the transient characteristics of PCA, firstly, the voltage and the dissipative power of PCA at the common and neutral sections of the power supply line are analyzed and calculated respectively. Secondly, two PCA models that describe the different PCA states are established based on the improved Habedank arc model. Finally, the high-frequency transient voltage and current of the PCA when high-speed trains pass through the common and neutral sections at different speeds are obtained by simulation. In this paper, we comprehensively study the model and the transient characteristics of PCA, which provides a theoretical basis and relevant data for further study of its EMI.","PeriodicalId":250668,"journal":{"name":"The Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128496196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.13052/2023.aces.j.380206
C. Mahendran, M. Vijayaraj
A printed dual-band antenna is designed to resonate at 3.5 GHz with the measured gain of 6.38 dBi and at 5.5 GHz with that of 5.84 dBi for the WiMAX application. The bandwidth of this antenna at 3.5 GHz and 5.5 GHz is 8% and 5%, respectively. The radiation efficiency of 91.45% is obtained at 3.5 GHz and that of 89.56% at 5.5 GHz. A novel approach based on the perturbation technique is used to relate the resonant frequency to the electromagnetic energy stored and the volume of the proposed antenna’s structure. The dual resonant length of this antenna is determined by a parameter named as the length reduction factor, which is computed by the curve fitting method. A polynomial equation connects the length reduction factor and resonance frequency. The resonant cavity model has been used to derive the resonant frequency equations for dual bands. The simulation and measured results are used to validate the analytically predicted resonant frequency caused by the structure perturbation and cavity technique and show good agreement. This antenna is fed by a balanced parallel plane, which conveniently facilitates the PCB’s integration.
{"title":"Resonant Frequency Analysis using Perturbation and Resonant Cavity Method in Printed Dual Band Antenna for WiMAX Application","authors":"C. Mahendran, M. Vijayaraj","doi":"10.13052/2023.aces.j.380206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/2023.aces.j.380206","url":null,"abstract":"A printed dual-band antenna is designed to resonate at 3.5 GHz with the measured gain of 6.38 dBi and at 5.5 GHz with that of 5.84 dBi for the WiMAX application. The bandwidth of this antenna at 3.5 GHz and 5.5 GHz is 8% and 5%, respectively. The radiation efficiency of 91.45% is obtained at 3.5 GHz and that of 89.56% at 5.5 GHz. A novel approach based on the perturbation technique is used to relate the resonant frequency to the electromagnetic energy stored and the volume of the proposed antenna’s structure. The dual resonant length of this antenna is determined by a parameter named as the length reduction factor, which is computed by the curve fitting method. A polynomial equation connects the length reduction factor and resonance frequency. The resonant cavity model has been used to derive the resonant frequency equations for dual bands. The simulation and measured results are used to validate the analytically predicted resonant frequency caused by the structure perturbation and cavity technique and show good agreement. This antenna is fed by a balanced parallel plane, which conveniently facilitates the PCB’s integration.","PeriodicalId":250668,"journal":{"name":"The Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES)","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130460084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.13052/2023.aces.j.380209
Xiao Yu Li, Z. Liu, M. Tong
In this paper, a novel low-profile wideband planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) with co-design of the ground plane for WLAN applications and IoV applications is proposed. This antenna consists of three parts: a slotted radiating patch, a vertical shorting plate and a ground plane with a cross-shaped slot. The influence and the parameter of the slot are discussed. The antenna is fed by a 50 Ω coaxial line and a shorting pin is also used in this design. The overall size of the antenna is 30×44×3.5 mm3. The whole structure is simulated in ANSYS Electronics Desktop 2018.0 and several prototypes are made to verify the simulation results. The bandwidth of the antenna can reach 3.96 GHz (−10 dB) and cover the frequency range of 5.64−9.6 GHz. The max gain of the antenna is 5.4 dBi.
{"title":"A Low-profile Wideband PIFA with Co-design of Ground Plane for WLAN Applications","authors":"Xiao Yu Li, Z. Liu, M. Tong","doi":"10.13052/2023.aces.j.380209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/2023.aces.j.380209","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel low-profile wideband planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) with co-design of the ground plane for WLAN applications and IoV applications is proposed. This antenna consists of three parts: a slotted radiating patch, a vertical shorting plate and a ground plane with a cross-shaped slot. The influence and the parameter of the slot are discussed. The antenna is fed by a 50 Ω coaxial line and a shorting pin is also used in this design. The overall size of the antenna is 30×44×3.5 mm3. The whole structure is simulated in ANSYS Electronics Desktop 2018.0 and several prototypes are made to verify the simulation results. The bandwidth of the antenna can reach 3.96 GHz (−10 dB) and cover the frequency range of 5.64−9.6 GHz. The max gain of the antenna is 5.4 dBi.","PeriodicalId":250668,"journal":{"name":"The Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122454234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.13052/2023.aces.j.380208
M. Abdi, T. Aguili
In this paper, a microstrip patch antenna fed by a waveguide using an end-wall iris through ground plane has been modelled. The iris feed technique was proposed to overcome the narrow bandwidth problem of microstrip patch antenna. The iris is sized so that it is resonant and subsequently the antenna operates under the fusion of two modes relating to the iris and the patch, resulting in a wideband radiation characteristic with dual resonance. Measurement demonstrates the single bandwidth dual resonance type and the radiation bandwidth of (8 GHz-10.6 GHz). In order to show the impact of the iris feed technique on microstrip patch antenna’s bandwidth, a comparison with some state-of-the-art works proposing various bandwidth enhancement techniques in the X-band is made. The proposed prototype, with a size of 1.76λ0 X 1.65λ0 X 1.29λ0 , is more compact than several designs. It has a fractional bandwidth of 27.9%, thus it presents the prototype with the widest bandwidth with the simplest design fabrication. With regard to the electromagnetic modelling, this work is oriented towards the use of the hybrid MOM-GEC method in order to be able to perform a rigorous electromagnetic. It has been found that the MOM-GEC model is more efficient in terms of memory requirements and approximately four times faster than HFSS simulator software.
本文建立了一种微带贴片天线的模型，该天线采用端壁虹膜通过地平面的波导馈电。为了克服微带贴片天线的窄带带宽问题，提出了虹膜馈电技术。虹膜的大小使其共振，随后天线在与虹膜和贴片相关的两种模式的融合下工作，从而产生具有双共振的宽带辐射特性。测量表明为单带宽双共振型，辐射带宽为(8ghz -10.6 GHz)。为了说明虹膜馈电技术对微带贴片天线带宽的影响，与目前提出的各种x波段带宽增强技术进行了比较。提出的原型尺寸为1.76λ0 X 1.65λ0 X 1.29λ0，比几个设计更紧凑。它的分数带宽为27.9%，从而以最简单的设计制造提供了最宽带宽的原型。在电磁建模方面，为了能够进行严格的电磁模拟，本工作面向使用混合MOM-GEC方法。研究发现，MOM-GEC模型在内存需求方面效率更高，速度大约是HFSS模拟器软件的四倍。
{"title":"Wideband Iris-Fed Patch Antenna Under Operation of Dual-Resonance for X-band Applications: MOM-GEC Approach","authors":"M. Abdi, T. Aguili","doi":"10.13052/2023.aces.j.380208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/2023.aces.j.380208","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a microstrip patch antenna fed by a waveguide using an end-wall iris through ground plane has been modelled. The iris feed technique was proposed to overcome the narrow bandwidth problem of microstrip patch antenna. The iris is sized so that it is resonant and subsequently the antenna operates under the fusion of two modes relating to the iris and the patch, resulting in a wideband radiation characteristic with dual resonance. Measurement demonstrates the single bandwidth dual resonance type and the radiation bandwidth of (8 GHz-10.6 GHz). In order to show the impact of the iris feed technique on microstrip patch antenna’s bandwidth, a comparison with some state-of-the-art works proposing various bandwidth enhancement techniques in the X-band is made. The proposed prototype, with a size of 1.76λ0 X 1.65λ0 X 1.29λ0 , is more compact than several designs. It has a fractional bandwidth of 27.9%, thus it presents the prototype with the widest bandwidth with the simplest design fabrication. With regard to the electromagnetic modelling, this work is oriented towards the use of the hybrid MOM-GEC method in order to be able to perform a rigorous electromagnetic. It has been found that the MOM-GEC model is more efficient in terms of memory requirements and approximately four times faster than HFSS simulator software.","PeriodicalId":250668,"journal":{"name":"The Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132261914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.13052/2023.aces.j.380210
Yuliang Zhou, Kaiyuan Yao, Xiaona Li, Y. Huang, Haiyan Jin
This paper demonstrates how to implement a vortex electromagnetic wave generation system with beam steering using only delay lines as phase-shifting elements. The system is based on uniform circular array and phased array technology. A detailed theoretical derivation is presented, which yields an input frequency matrix corresponding to each target case. Furthermore, considering the random initial phase problem of the actual phase-locked source, the above scheme is further improved in this paper. By cleverly setting the circuit structure, the influence of the initial phase inconsistency on the phase control system is filtered out. The performance is verified by analytical calculations and full-wave electromagnetic simulations, which are in good agreement with the proposed theory. The scheme proposed in this paper can completely get rid of the phase shifter and realize the free adjustment of the topological charge number/beam steering angle. The adjustment accuracy depends on the tuning accuracy of the phase-locked source, which can achieved an accuracy over 1Hz at a cost of less than six dollars, which makes it an interesting and flexible low-cost vortex electromagnetic wave generation scheme.
{"title":"Phase-shifter-less Vortex Electromagnetic Wave Generation Technology with Tunable Topological Charge/Steering Angle under Random Initial Phase Condition of Phase-locked Source","authors":"Yuliang Zhou, Kaiyuan Yao, Xiaona Li, Y. Huang, Haiyan Jin","doi":"10.13052/2023.aces.j.380210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13052/2023.aces.j.380210","url":null,"abstract":"This paper demonstrates how to implement a vortex electromagnetic wave generation system with beam steering using only delay lines as phase-shifting elements. The system is based on uniform circular array and phased array technology. A detailed theoretical derivation is presented, which yields an input frequency matrix corresponding to each target case. Furthermore, considering the random initial phase problem of the actual phase-locked source, the above scheme is further improved in this paper. By cleverly setting the circuit structure, the influence of the initial phase inconsistency on the phase control system is filtered out. The performance is verified by analytical calculations and full-wave electromagnetic simulations, which are in good agreement with the proposed theory. The scheme proposed in this paper can completely get rid of the phase shifter and realize the free adjustment of the topological charge number/beam steering angle. The adjustment accuracy depends on the tuning accuracy of the phase-locked source, which can achieved an accuracy over 1Hz at a cost of less than six dollars, which makes it an interesting and flexible low-cost vortex electromagnetic wave generation scheme.","PeriodicalId":250668,"journal":{"name":"The Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127424353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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