Pub Date : 2021-06-28DOI: 10.30880/jsunr.2021.02.01.006
Nursyamfarhani Akashah, K. Kamarudin, Siti Najihah Solehin, Nor Shahida AB RAHMAN, Ummi Nurain Akma, Farhanah Shahdan, Hanis Azman, S. M. Mohd Fadzil, Nurin Husnina Mohd Faid, Noor Syazwani Shahrul Zaman, N. S. Badrulhisham, Muhammad Abdul-Latiff Abu Bakar, Muhammad Idham Legiman, Aisyah MOHAMED REHAN, F. Mohd Salleh, Y. Esa
Sea cucumbers are an abundant echinoderm group in Malaysia which provides commercial and medicinal values to local people. Due to the lack of data on sea cucumbers status in Johor coastal seawaters, this study was conducted. This study aimed to identify the species and relationship of sea cucumber from two selected Johor coastal seawater; Pulau Tinggi and Sedili Kechil based on ossicle shape. The current study recorded 53 individuals of sea cucumbers, of which 23 individuals were from Pulau Tinggi, Mersing District and 30 individuals were from Sedili Kechil, Kota Tinggi District. A number of 10 species of sea cucumber were found in the coastal waters of Pulau Tinggi, Mersing and three species in Sedili Kechil, Kota Tinggi, Johor. A total of 10 ossicle shapes were observed and extracted from the sea cucumber samples namely button, perforated plate, table, C-shaped rod, rosette, anchor, spider, I-shaped rod, boomerang, and J-shaped rod. The species relationship based on ossicle shapes was analysed using clustering option of PAST (PAleontological STatistics) software version 4.03. The analysis concluded that two groups of sea cucumber families i.e. Holothuriidae and Stichopodidae were present, although S. chloronotus clustered closer with the members of family Holothuriidae. Although more specimens are required to generate better conclusive results, the outcomes provided updated data on sea cucumber species in Johor seawater.
{"title":"Species Identification and Relationship of Sea Cucumber species from Pulau Tinggi and Sedili Kechil, Johor Based on Ossicle Shape","authors":"Nursyamfarhani Akashah, K. Kamarudin, Siti Najihah Solehin, Nor Shahida AB RAHMAN, Ummi Nurain Akma, Farhanah Shahdan, Hanis Azman, S. M. Mohd Fadzil, Nurin Husnina Mohd Faid, Noor Syazwani Shahrul Zaman, N. S. Badrulhisham, Muhammad Abdul-Latiff Abu Bakar, Muhammad Idham Legiman, Aisyah MOHAMED REHAN, F. Mohd Salleh, Y. Esa","doi":"10.30880/jsunr.2021.02.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsunr.2021.02.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"Sea cucumbers are an abundant echinoderm group in Malaysia which provides commercial and medicinal values to local people. Due to the lack of data on sea cucumbers status in Johor coastal seawaters, this study was conducted. This study aimed to identify the species and relationship of sea cucumber from two selected Johor coastal seawater; Pulau Tinggi and Sedili Kechil based on ossicle shape. The current study recorded 53 individuals of sea cucumbers, of which 23 individuals were from Pulau Tinggi, Mersing District and 30 individuals were from Sedili Kechil, Kota Tinggi District. A number of 10 species of sea cucumber were found in the coastal waters of Pulau Tinggi, Mersing and three species in Sedili Kechil, Kota Tinggi, Johor. A total of 10 ossicle shapes were observed and extracted from the sea cucumber samples namely button, perforated plate, table, C-shaped rod, rosette, anchor, spider, I-shaped rod, boomerang, and J-shaped rod. The species relationship based on ossicle shapes was analysed using clustering option of PAST (PAleontological STatistics) software version 4.03. The analysis concluded that two groups of sea cucumber families i.e. Holothuriidae and Stichopodidae were present, although S. chloronotus clustered closer with the members of family Holothuriidae. Although more specimens are required to generate better conclusive results, the outcomes provided updated data on sea cucumber species in Johor seawater.","PeriodicalId":250961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Natural Resources","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133028270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-28DOI: 10.30880/jsunr.2021.02.01.004
M. Najmuddin, Siti Hasmaliza Hassem, Nurhizatul Safikah Mohd Hauri, Fatin Zahari, N. Othman, H. Haris, M. A. Abdul-Latiff
Crocodylus porosus is the largest species of crocodile and can be found in estuarine and riverine area in Malaysia. Crocodile in captivity can be found in Malaysia for various purposes such as tourism, conservation and leather industry. However, the management practice in established crocodile farm varies across park for example in terms of feeding regime. Thus, this study focusses on the feeding regime of C. porosus in captivity and evaluation of management of crocodile of Teluk Sengat Crocodile Farm. This study was carried out for 35 days in two different ponds of Teluk Sengat Crocodile Farm, Kota Tinggi, Johor. The results show majority of the food given to crocodile were chicken (64%), followed by fish (28%) and prawn (8%). Prawn was only given to juvenile crocodile every day, while fish and whole chicken were given to adult crocodile once a week. The feeding frequency are adequate for the juvenile crocodile however, the feeding quantity for adult pond are worrying. Future research should be conducted on other captive population of C. porosus in other areas in Malaysia as well to better understand the overall management practices in Malaysia.
{"title":"Feeding Regime and Management of Captive Saltwater Crocodile, Crocodylus Porosus in Kota Tinggi, Johor","authors":"M. Najmuddin, Siti Hasmaliza Hassem, Nurhizatul Safikah Mohd Hauri, Fatin Zahari, N. Othman, H. Haris, M. A. Abdul-Latiff","doi":"10.30880/jsunr.2021.02.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsunr.2021.02.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"Crocodylus porosus is the largest species of crocodile and can be found in estuarine and riverine area in Malaysia. Crocodile in captivity can be found in Malaysia for various purposes such as tourism, conservation and leather industry. However, the management practice in established crocodile farm varies across park for example in terms of feeding regime. Thus, this study focusses on the feeding regime of C. porosus in captivity and evaluation of management of crocodile of Teluk Sengat Crocodile Farm. This study was carried out for 35 days in two different ponds of Teluk Sengat Crocodile Farm, Kota Tinggi, Johor. The results show majority of the food given to crocodile were chicken (64%), followed by fish (28%) and prawn (8%). Prawn was only given to juvenile crocodile every day, while fish and whole chicken were given to adult crocodile once a week. The feeding frequency are adequate for the juvenile crocodile however, the feeding quantity for adult pond are worrying. Future research should be conducted on other captive population of C. porosus in other areas in Malaysia as well to better understand the overall management practices in Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":250961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Natural Resources","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124096620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-28DOI: 10.30880/jsunr.2021.02.01.005
M. Najmuddin, Nurhizatul Safikah Mohd Hauri, H. Haris, Fatin Zahari, N. Othman, Siti Hasmaliza Hassem, M. A. Abdul-Latiff
Agonistic behavior in Crocodylus porosus is well known in the wild, but the available data regarding this behavior among the captive individuals especially in a farm setting is rather limited. Studying the aggressive behavior of C. porosus in captivity is important because the data obtained may contribute for conservation and the safety for handlers and visitors. Thus, this study focuses on C. porosus in captivity to describe systematically the agonistic behaviour of C. porosus in relation to feeding time, daytime or night and density per pool. This study was carried out for 35 days in two different ponds. The data was analysed using Pearson’s chi-square analysis to see the relationship between categorical factors. The study shows that C. porosus was more aggressive during daylight, feeding time and non-feeding time in breeding enclosure (Pond C, stock density =0.0369 crocodiles/m2) as compared to non-breeding pond (Pond B, stock density =0.3317 crocodiles/m2) where it is only aggressive during the nighttime. Pond C shows the higher domination in the value of aggression in feeding and non-feeding time where it is related to its function as breeding ground. Chi-square analysis shows that there is no significant difference between ponds (p=0.47, χ2= 2.541, df= 3), thus, there is no relationship between categorical factors. The aggressive behaviour of C. porosus is important for the farm management to evaluate the risk in future for the translocation process and conservation of C. porosus generally.
{"title":"Agonistic Behavior of Captive Saltwater Crocodile, Crocodylus Porosus in Kota Tinggi, Johor","authors":"M. Najmuddin, Nurhizatul Safikah Mohd Hauri, H. Haris, Fatin Zahari, N. Othman, Siti Hasmaliza Hassem, M. A. Abdul-Latiff","doi":"10.30880/jsunr.2021.02.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsunr.2021.02.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"Agonistic behavior in Crocodylus porosus is well known in the wild, but the available data regarding this behavior among the captive individuals especially in a farm setting is rather limited. Studying the aggressive behavior of C. porosus in captivity is important because the data obtained may contribute for conservation and the safety for handlers and visitors. Thus, this study focuses on C. porosus in captivity to describe systematically the agonistic behaviour of C. porosus in relation to feeding time, daytime or night and density per pool. This study was carried out for 35 days in two different ponds. The data was analysed using Pearson’s chi-square analysis to see the relationship between categorical factors. The study shows that C. porosus was more aggressive during daylight, feeding time and non-feeding time in breeding enclosure (Pond C, stock density =0.0369 crocodiles/m2) as compared to non-breeding pond (Pond B, stock density =0.3317 crocodiles/m2) where it is only aggressive during the nighttime. Pond C shows the higher domination in the value of aggression in feeding and non-feeding time where it is related to its function as breeding ground. Chi-square analysis shows that there is no significant difference between ponds (p=0.47, χ2= 2.541, df= 3), thus, there is no relationship between categorical factors. The aggressive behaviour of C. porosus is important for the farm management to evaluate the risk in future for the translocation process and conservation of C. porosus generally.","PeriodicalId":250961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Natural Resources","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127368104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-28DOI: 10.30880/jsunr.2021.02.01.007
Nik Noor Alaina Hisanie Muhamad, M. F. Abu Bakar, Lim Sin Yee
Erosion of traditional knowledge (TK) is a worrisome issue that is faced globally due to the rapid urbanization and forest loss. Thus, it is vital to protect and preserve the traditional knowledge as it benefits many sectors, especially in pharmaceutical research. This study aimed to promote the traditional knowledge and plant conservation among UTHM students by developing an ethnobotanical garden online website. The ethnobotanical garden located at UTHM Parit Raja Campus was selected as the study site. An online survey was done to understand the students’ level of knowledge about the utilization of plants and evaluate the effectiveness of the website towards conservation and promotion of traditional knowledge. The Ethnogarden UTHM website was developed and a total of 23 plants were recorded on the website. A majority of the respondents understood the basic roles of plants in daily lives and the importance of conserving it, but 20% of them were disagreed with the statement of a high reliance on traditional herbal medicine and 37% of them were uncertain about it. After accessing the website, about 83% of the respondents agreed that the development of ethnobotanical garden website could deliver the traditional knowledge effectively and they would promote this website to their families and friends. In short, the development of Ethnogarden UTHM website is a good strategy to promote the traditional knowledge and emphasize the significance of plant conservation among UTHM students.
{"title":"Promoting Malaysian Traditional Knowledge Using Digital Ethnobotanical Garden Website","authors":"Nik Noor Alaina Hisanie Muhamad, M. F. Abu Bakar, Lim Sin Yee","doi":"10.30880/jsunr.2021.02.01.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsunr.2021.02.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"Erosion of traditional knowledge (TK) is a worrisome issue that is faced globally due to the rapid urbanization and forest loss. Thus, it is vital to protect and preserve the traditional knowledge as it benefits many sectors, especially in pharmaceutical research. This study aimed to promote the traditional knowledge and plant conservation among UTHM students by developing an ethnobotanical garden online website. The ethnobotanical garden located at UTHM Parit Raja Campus was selected as the study site. An online survey was done to understand the students’ level of knowledge about the utilization of plants and evaluate the effectiveness of the website towards conservation and promotion of traditional knowledge. The Ethnogarden UTHM website was developed and a total of 23 plants were recorded on the website. A majority of the respondents understood the basic roles of plants in daily lives and the importance of conserving it, but 20% of them were disagreed with the statement of a high reliance on traditional herbal medicine and 37% of them were uncertain about it. After accessing the website, about 83% of the respondents agreed that the development of ethnobotanical garden website could deliver the traditional knowledge effectively and they would promote this website to their families and friends. In short, the development of Ethnogarden UTHM website is a good strategy to promote the traditional knowledge and emphasize the significance of plant conservation among UTHM students.","PeriodicalId":250961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Natural Resources","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116934264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-28DOI: 10.30880/jsunr.2021.02.01.003
Nor Atiqah Binti Norazlimi, Amirah Binti Mohd Sarif
Ethno-ornithology is the study of the relationship between people and birds. It is a natural scientific approach that explains the relationship between people’s knowledge and the use of birds in their culture. Temuan community is one of the aborigine ethnics in Malaysia. They practice lifestyles that closely associated with nature. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the ethno-ornithology knowledge and practice by Temuan Community lived around the Gunung Ledang National Park, Johor, Malaysia. A set of questionnaires was distributed to 40 respondents from the Temuan community to gather the information of birds used in their daily activities. In addition, the information was also obtained from the interview session with the head of the village (Tok Batin). The identification of the birds obtained from the questionnaire and interview was further confirmed by using reliable resources. A total of 29 bird species was successfully identified. Temuan community used birds in their daily life in many ways such as, food, pet, folklore, entertainment, and many more. Understanding ethno-ornithology between local community and avifauna is good as it helps conservationists to keep track of bird species they use and identify the sustainable ways of this practice that align with the conservation of avifauna species.
{"title":"Ethno-ornithology of Temuan Community in Ledang, Johor","authors":"Nor Atiqah Binti Norazlimi, Amirah Binti Mohd Sarif","doi":"10.30880/jsunr.2021.02.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsunr.2021.02.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"Ethno-ornithology is the study of the relationship between people and birds. It is a natural scientific approach that explains the relationship between people’s knowledge and the use of birds in their culture. Temuan community is one of the aborigine ethnics in Malaysia. They practice lifestyles that closely associated with nature. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the ethno-ornithology knowledge and practice by Temuan Community lived around the Gunung Ledang National Park, Johor, Malaysia. A set of questionnaires was distributed to 40 respondents from the Temuan community to gather the information of birds used in their daily activities. In addition, the information was also obtained from the interview session with the head of the village (Tok Batin). The identification of the birds obtained from the questionnaire and interview was further confirmed by using reliable resources. A total of 29 bird species was successfully identified. Temuan community used birds in their daily life in many ways such as, food, pet, folklore, entertainment, and many more. Understanding ethno-ornithology between local community and avifauna is good as it helps conservationists to keep track of bird species they use and identify the sustainable ways of this practice that align with the conservation of avifauna species.","PeriodicalId":250961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Natural Resources","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134257691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-28DOI: 10.30880/jsunr.2021.02.01.008
Norsyafiqah Amalina Ahmad Jafri, Roshanida A. Rahman, N. Ali
Laccase is a bio catalytic agent and multi-copper enzyme containing oxidases that are potentially great for oxidizing large number of phenolic and non-phenolic compounds. However, drawbacks do arise when laccase use in large scale; low in stability, high production cost, non-reusability, sensitive towards denaturing and poor storage ability of free enzymes. These problems lead to the progress in laccase immobilization in order to facilitate the efficient recovery and re-use of the enzyme, thus enabling cost-effective in continuous processes. Apart from discussing on different methods in laccase immobilization such as entrapment, encapsulation and cross-linking in general, we have reviewed a recent development in laccase immobilization on different supports or carriers binding (natural and synthetic). Future works are recommended to focus on innovative strategies on the modified supports to improve the enzyme immobilization as well as sensible entrapment techniques for industrial applications.
{"title":"A Short Review on Recent Development of Laccase Immobilization on Different Support Materials","authors":"Norsyafiqah Amalina Ahmad Jafri, Roshanida A. Rahman, N. Ali","doi":"10.30880/jsunr.2021.02.01.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsunr.2021.02.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"Laccase is a bio catalytic agent and multi-copper enzyme containing oxidases that are potentially great for oxidizing large number of phenolic and non-phenolic compounds. However, drawbacks do arise when laccase use in large scale; low in stability, high production cost, non-reusability, sensitive towards denaturing and poor storage ability of free enzymes. These problems lead to the progress in laccase immobilization in order to facilitate the efficient recovery and re-use of the enzyme, thus enabling cost-effective in continuous processes. Apart from discussing on different methods in laccase immobilization such as entrapment, encapsulation and cross-linking in general, we have reviewed a recent development in laccase immobilization on different supports or carriers binding (natural and synthetic). Future works are recommended to focus on innovative strategies on the modified supports to improve the enzyme immobilization as well as sensible entrapment techniques for industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":250961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Natural Resources","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128582456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-28DOI: 10.30880/jsunr.2021.02.01.001
Ain Zulaikha Mohd Zaki, F. Yakub, A. N. Fakharulrazi, N. Mamat, A. Azizan, A. Harun, Zulhasni Abdul Rahim
Gardening activities usually required a lot of time and gardeners may face varieties of problems such as sticking to the designated watering schedule. Thus, this paper intends to solve these problems by introducing the Smart Gardening System. By using this system, users will be able to control and monitor the watering schedule and the sufficiency of lights while ensuring that the plants are taken care of accordingly. The smart gardening system is different from the normal gardening products that are already available in the market because of the implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) in the system to facilitate the work for its users. By using this home-based system, users can set the watering and lighting schedule automatically by using the designated application via smartphone. Besides, users will also be notified on the moisture level of soil, light-exposure, and the water level in water tank through the application. This will allow the users to monitor the watering system and only come to refill it when the water tank is empty. This system is an advantage as it can run automatically. From this research, the benefit of smart gardening system is proven via the execution of IoT which requires less human intervention for the system to operate. Moreover, the sensors are used to gather and update all the data that is convenience to the user to keep updated on the parameter and information about the plant in a real time without physical present.
{"title":"Building a Smart Gardening System and Plant Monitoring Using IoT","authors":"Ain Zulaikha Mohd Zaki, F. Yakub, A. N. Fakharulrazi, N. Mamat, A. Azizan, A. Harun, Zulhasni Abdul Rahim","doi":"10.30880/jsunr.2021.02.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsunr.2021.02.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Gardening activities usually required a lot of time and gardeners may face varieties of problems such as sticking to the designated watering schedule. Thus, this paper intends to solve these problems by introducing the Smart Gardening System. By using this system, users will be able to control and monitor the watering schedule and the sufficiency of lights while ensuring that the plants are taken care of accordingly. The smart gardening system is different from the normal gardening products that are already available in the market because of the implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) in the system to facilitate the work for its users. By using this home-based system, users can set the watering and lighting schedule automatically by using the designated application via smartphone. Besides, users will also be notified on the moisture level of soil, light-exposure, and the water level in water tank through the application. This will allow the users to monitor the watering system and only come to refill it when the water tank is empty. This system is an advantage as it can run automatically. From this research, the benefit of smart gardening system is proven via the execution of IoT which requires less human intervention for the system to operate. Moreover, the sensors are used to gather and update all the data that is convenience to the user to keep updated on the parameter and information about the plant in a real time without physical present.","PeriodicalId":250961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Natural Resources","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130366801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-24DOI: 10.30880/jsunr.2020.01.02.002
N. A. Fakharulrazi, F. Yakub, M. Baba, L. Zhao, A. Rafiq, H. H. Yudu, Z. A. Rasid, A. Azizan
Composting food waste is a delicate procedure that requires specific infrastructure and machinery that can gradually transform the wastes to nutrient-rich manure. Nevertheless, it also desires a constant attention by experts to achieve a quality outcome. Therefore, automatic composting machinery is a promising new idea as modern technology is taking over the world with it high efficiency. The objective of this paper is to build a fully automated composting machine that can help to reduce food waste using a more efficient and environmentally friendly method. This machine has its special features of heating, cooling and grinding which is simple and easy to use for every consumer at just one touch of a button. In addition, it uses a special filter to eliminate unpleasant odor to ensure consumer’s space of mind. The composting process uses node microcontroller (MCU) to run its operation and Internet of Things (IoT) with a developed mobile application to measure the amount of food waste, current process and its moisture content before turning the waste into high nutrient flakes at around 10% of its original volume. It will also notify the consumer when the whole process is done and the final product is ready to use. The produced flakes are good for nurturing soils, use as fertilizer, and renewable source of energy or animal feed. The benefit is to help reduce handling cost of waste at landfill. Excessive logistical energy is required to send food waste to landfill if conventional equipment is applied. This product has a high potential to penetrate the end users who usually cooks at home and also the industrial food manufacturers whether from medium to large which produces a lot of raw waste. Essentially, this machine allows food waste, through implementation of IoT to be converted to usable fertilizer.
{"title":"Designing an Automated Composter for Food Waste Management with the Implementation of Internet of Things","authors":"N. A. Fakharulrazi, F. Yakub, M. Baba, L. Zhao, A. Rafiq, H. H. Yudu, Z. A. Rasid, A. Azizan","doi":"10.30880/jsunr.2020.01.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsunr.2020.01.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"Composting food waste is a delicate procedure that requires specific infrastructure and machinery that can gradually transform the wastes to nutrient-rich manure. Nevertheless, it also desires a constant attention by experts to achieve a quality outcome. Therefore, automatic composting machinery is a promising new idea as modern technology is taking over the world with it high efficiency. The objective of this paper is to build a fully automated composting machine that can help to reduce food waste using a more efficient and environmentally friendly method. This machine has its special features of heating, cooling and grinding which is simple and easy to use for every consumer at just one touch of a button. In addition, it uses a special filter to eliminate unpleasant odor to ensure consumer’s space of mind. The composting process uses node microcontroller (MCU) to run its operation and Internet of Things (IoT) with a developed mobile application to measure the amount of food waste, current process and its moisture content before turning the waste into high nutrient flakes at around 10% of its original volume. It will also notify the consumer when the whole process is done and the final product is ready to use. The produced flakes are good for nurturing soils, use as fertilizer, and renewable source of energy or animal feed. The benefit is to help reduce handling cost of waste at landfill. Excessive logistical energy is required to send food waste to landfill if conventional equipment is applied. This product has a high potential to penetrate the end users who usually cooks at home and also the industrial food manufacturers whether from medium to large which produces a lot of raw waste. Essentially, this machine allows food waste, through implementation of IoT to be converted to usable fertilizer.","PeriodicalId":250961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Natural Resources","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127611140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-24DOI: 10.30880/jsunr.2020.01.02.003
Mathivanan Loganathan, Aina Fathiah Zuhaidi, Rusyidah Mat Zin Boestami, Anis Nabilah Ahmad Hawari
Plastic product has become a main thing that used in human daily life. Mostly after the plastic are used, it will be a waste. Only small percentage of plastics are recycled and the rest will end up at landfills, rivers and oceans. Normally, plastics can take up to 1000 years to decompose in landfills and some will be burnt. The affect from burning the plastic waste in landfills will cause air pollution. When it burns with food waste, they will produce dioxin and furan. These elements will cause death even in small quantities when human breathe. Another harmful effect of burning plastic waste, is it can damage the ozone layer. Moreover, plastic pollution can affects all living things. At least 100 million marine mammals have died each year because of these plastic pollutions. The main objective of this research is to conduct starch extraction from cassava peels and glycerol extraction from waste cooking oil. It has been achieve during the extraction of 100g cassava peel will yield 3% of starch, while 800ml waste cooking oil yield of 5% only. The best formulation of the bioplastic obtained by controlling the ratio of carrageenan and starch at 2% and 5%. From the physical properties studies which is degradation in water and steam test. Based on the observation of degradation test, when the temperature was at 100ºC the bioplastic degrade within 1.18 minutes and at 20ºC was within 7.33 minutes. For the steam test, only at 100ºC the bioplastic start to degrade within 25minutes but for other temperature the plastic remains same. As a conclusion cassava starch can be utilized as bioplastic film, because it can dissolve when contact with water and steam. Moreover, glycerine from waste cooking oil can be used as plasticizer.
{"title":"Utilization of Used Cooking Oil and Cassava Peel as Degradable Bioplastic Film","authors":"Mathivanan Loganathan, Aina Fathiah Zuhaidi, Rusyidah Mat Zin Boestami, Anis Nabilah Ahmad Hawari","doi":"10.30880/jsunr.2020.01.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsunr.2020.01.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic product has become a main thing that used in human daily life. Mostly after the plastic are used, it will be a waste. Only small percentage of plastics are recycled and the rest will end up at landfills, rivers and oceans. Normally, plastics can take up to 1000 years to decompose in landfills and some will be burnt. The affect from burning the plastic waste in landfills will cause air pollution. When it burns with food waste, they will produce dioxin and furan. These elements will cause death even in small quantities when human breathe. Another harmful effect of burning plastic waste, is it can damage the ozone layer. Moreover, plastic pollution can affects all living things. At least 100 million marine mammals have died each year because of these plastic pollutions. The main objective of this research is to conduct starch extraction from cassava peels and glycerol extraction from waste cooking oil. It has been achieve during the extraction of 100g cassava peel will yield 3% of starch, while 800ml waste cooking oil yield of 5% only. The best formulation of the bioplastic obtained by controlling the ratio of carrageenan and starch at 2% and 5%. From the physical properties studies which is degradation in water and steam test. Based on the observation of degradation test, when the temperature was at 100ºC the bioplastic degrade within 1.18 minutes and at 20ºC was within 7.33 minutes. For the steam test, only at 100ºC the bioplastic start to degrade within 25minutes but for other temperature the plastic remains same. As a conclusion cassava starch can be utilized as bioplastic film, because it can dissolve when contact with water and steam. Moreover, glycerine from waste cooking oil can be used as plasticizer.","PeriodicalId":250961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Natural Resources","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130146187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-24DOI: 10.30880/jsunr.2020.01.02.004
J. S. Eik, F. Yakub, M. Ilham, K. Aina, U. Nasrah, A. N. Fakharulrazi, A. Harun
The livestock farming sector usually require a lot of manpower and may face problems such as adhering the designated feeding schedule. Therefore, this paper intends to aid in this sector by bringing the smart feeder system. The main objective of this paper is to control and monitor livestock feeding time using application via smartphones. This is to ensure that the livestock are fed according to the right schedule. This paper also highlighted the advantage of the smart feeder system where it can be used to save up money and energy that can be obtained by having less labor workers. This is because of the hopper storage that can accommodate the food up to three days. The importance of this system is its ability to automate the feeding system for the livestock. The smart feed system designed is different from the existing livestock feeding machines that are available anywhere in the market due to the implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) in the system. The usage of IoT allows farmers to set the feeding schedule automatically by using an application via smartphone. Besides, users will also be informed on the weight of food in the storage and food container through the application. This will allow the users to monitor the food storage and only come to refill it when it is empty. Farmers can also observe whether the livestock have eaten or not by getting updated on the level of food of the food storage using an ultrasonic sensor.
{"title":"Control and Monitoring System for Livestock Feeding Time via Smartphone","authors":"J. S. Eik, F. Yakub, M. Ilham, K. Aina, U. Nasrah, A. N. Fakharulrazi, A. Harun","doi":"10.30880/jsunr.2020.01.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsunr.2020.01.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"The livestock farming sector usually require a lot of manpower and may face problems such as adhering the designated feeding schedule. Therefore, this paper intends to aid in this sector by bringing the smart feeder system. The main objective of this paper is to control and monitor livestock feeding time using application via smartphones. This is to ensure that the livestock are fed according to the right schedule. This paper also highlighted the advantage of the smart feeder system where it can be used to save up money and energy that can be obtained by having less labor workers. This is because of the hopper storage that can accommodate the food up to three days. The importance of this system is its ability to automate the feeding system for the livestock. The smart feed system designed is different from the existing livestock feeding machines that are available anywhere in the market due to the implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) in the system. The usage of IoT allows farmers to set the feeding schedule automatically by using an application via smartphone. Besides, users will also be informed on the weight of food in the storage and food container through the application. This will allow the users to monitor the food storage and only come to refill it when it is empty. Farmers can also observe whether the livestock have eaten or not by getting updated on the level of food of the food storage using an ultrasonic sensor.","PeriodicalId":250961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Natural Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130672025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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