Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796943
Delaney Moore, John Edwards, Hamid Karimi, Rajiv Khadka, P. Bodily
In computer science (CS) academia it can be a challenge to help beginning students develop the thought process to be a successful software engineer. Although code is implemented in a linear manner, the mental construction and problem solving process is commonly nonlinear, requiring a high-level vision of class structures, control flow, etc., before any code is physically written. This concept can be difficult for beginning CS students to comprehend and use in their own coding projects. We provide a visualization that aims to help students more easily understand the coding thought process. This is accomplished by collecting keystroke data and incorporating it into an abstract syntax tree (AST), which creates a temporal AST. We provide the necessary information to prove that this visualization exists for any student’s project where keystroke data is collected. We also refer to another type of keystroke visualization known as a Code Process Chart (CPC) that provided inspiration for the temporal AST. The goal is to eventually use these temporal ASTs alongside their corresponding CPCs to help students understand and improve their own coding thought process.
{"title":"Temporal Abstract Syntax Trees for Understanding Student Coding Thought Process","authors":"Delaney Moore, John Edwards, Hamid Karimi, Rajiv Khadka, P. Bodily","doi":"10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796943","url":null,"abstract":"In computer science (CS) academia it can be a challenge to help beginning students develop the thought process to be a successful software engineer. Although code is implemented in a linear manner, the mental construction and problem solving process is commonly nonlinear, requiring a high-level vision of class structures, control flow, etc., before any code is physically written. This concept can be difficult for beginning CS students to comprehend and use in their own coding projects. We provide a visualization that aims to help students more easily understand the coding thought process. This is accomplished by collecting keystroke data and incorporating it into an abstract syntax tree (AST), which creates a temporal AST. We provide the necessary information to prove that this visualization exists for any student’s project where keystroke data is collected. We also refer to another type of keystroke visualization known as a Code Process Chart (CPC) that provided inspiration for the temporal AST. The goal is to eventually use these temporal ASTs alongside their corresponding CPCs to help students understand and improve their own coding thought process.","PeriodicalId":251518,"journal":{"name":"2022 Intermountain Engineering, Technology and Computing (IETC)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124416105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796660
Marina Johnson, H. Swanson, John Edwards
Job opportunities and the need for programmers are increasing. Companies are looking for new hires who have the ability to learn how to learn, who have computational thinking skills. Student dropout rate in computer science is the highest among college majors. Educators are striving to find a way to teach efficiently and effectively the technical and the problem solving skills students need. In this paper we will be studying the effects of syntax exercises on a subject's ability to think computationally and precisely. We tested our process on professionals and students. Half of the professionals were in the computer science field and half of our students did syntax exercises. The other half of professionals and students had no exposure to syntax to compare. Our purpose is to find if teaching students syntax exercises are still relevant and can teach both technical and computational thinking skills.
{"title":"Syntax Exercises and Their Effect on Computational Thinking","authors":"Marina Johnson, H. Swanson, John Edwards","doi":"10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796660","url":null,"abstract":"Job opportunities and the need for programmers are increasing. Companies are looking for new hires who have the ability to learn how to learn, who have computational thinking skills. Student dropout rate in computer science is the highest among college majors. Educators are striving to find a way to teach efficiently and effectively the technical and the problem solving skills students need. In this paper we will be studying the effects of syntax exercises on a subject's ability to think computationally and precisely. We tested our process on professionals and students. Half of the professionals were in the computer science field and half of our students did syntax exercises. The other half of professionals and students had no exposure to syntax to compare. Our purpose is to find if teaching students syntax exercises are still relevant and can teach both technical and computational thinking skills.","PeriodicalId":251518,"journal":{"name":"2022 Intermountain Engineering, Technology and Computing (IETC)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121356425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796979
Nusrat Farheen, G. G. Jaman, M. Schoen
The primary aim of this study is to develop machine learning or deep-learning aided procedures that enhances the capability of a commercial non-autonomous wheelchair towards autonomy. The paper addresses the computer vision work for obstacle detection applied to an autonomous wheelchair operation. The computer vision tasks including the depth image classification are accommodated in a small form factored and resource constraint computers such as Raspberry Pie and Google Coral. The tasks and strategies also include classifying the images using a pretrained model (TensorFlow lite), detecting and measure the degree of obstacle avoidance by pairing RGB image classification with depth images. The objective has been further extended to develop a simulation platform for autonomous wheelchair driving where navigation and path mapping construction algorithm evaluations are visually offered using MATLAB®.
{"title":"Object Detection and Navigation Strategy for Obstacle Avoidance Applied to Autonomous Wheel Chair Driving","authors":"Nusrat Farheen, G. G. Jaman, M. Schoen","doi":"10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796979","url":null,"abstract":"The primary aim of this study is to develop machine learning or deep-learning aided procedures that enhances the capability of a commercial non-autonomous wheelchair towards autonomy. The paper addresses the computer vision work for obstacle detection applied to an autonomous wheelchair operation. The computer vision tasks including the depth image classification are accommodated in a small form factored and resource constraint computers such as Raspberry Pie and Google Coral. The tasks and strategies also include classifying the images using a pretrained model (TensorFlow lite), detecting and measure the degree of obstacle avoidance by pairing RGB image classification with depth images. The objective has been further extended to develop a simulation platform for autonomous wheelchair driving where navigation and path mapping construction algorithm evaluations are visually offered using MATLAB®.","PeriodicalId":251518,"journal":{"name":"2022 Intermountain Engineering, Technology and Computing (IETC)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126089106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796756
D. V. João, Hamilton G. B. Souza, M. A. Martins, K. Martins
Broken Conductor is caused when a fault breaks up the line cable and remains hanging at the pole or touches in a high impedance surface. This situation brings problems for traditional protection systems that acts in response only to an overcurrent measures. In certain situation, the temporary and permanent fault distinguishing can take long time until the final protection trip. This paper presents an Accelerated Protection based on dead-time recloser adaptation to improve the power system protection. The goal of this methodology is to adapt the dead-time reclosing, according to the protection zone, after a determined number of trials. As results, the paper brings real cases of implementation, considering ten feeders of a electrical substation, where the proposed methodology is analyzed on-field. The outcome of the work is the result of a R&D project hosted by ENEL Distribuição São Paulo called Urban Futurability.
当故障击穿了线路电缆并保持在极点或接触到高阻抗表面时，就会造成导线断裂。这种情况给传统的保护系统带来了问题，传统的保护系统只对过流措施作出反应。在某些情况下，临时故障和永久故障的识别可能需要很长时间，直到最终保护跳闸。提出了一种基于死区重合闸自适应的加速保护方法，以提高电力系统的保护性能。该方法的目标是在经过确定次数的试验后，根据保护区调整死区重合闸。结果，本文带来了实际的实施案例，考虑到一个变电站的十个馈线，其中提出的方法进行了现场分析。这项工作的成果是由ENEL distribui o s o Paulo主持的一个名为“城市未来”的研发项目的结果。
{"title":"Accelerated Protection Methodology for Broken Conductor Protection - An Implementation Case","authors":"D. V. João, Hamilton G. B. Souza, M. A. Martins, K. Martins","doi":"10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796756","url":null,"abstract":"Broken Conductor is caused when a fault breaks up the line cable and remains hanging at the pole or touches in a high impedance surface. This situation brings problems for traditional protection systems that acts in response only to an overcurrent measures. In certain situation, the temporary and permanent fault distinguishing can take long time until the final protection trip. This paper presents an Accelerated Protection based on dead-time recloser adaptation to improve the power system protection. The goal of this methodology is to adapt the dead-time reclosing, according to the protection zone, after a determined number of trials. As results, the paper brings real cases of implementation, considering ten feeders of a electrical substation, where the proposed methodology is analyzed on-field. The outcome of the work is the result of a R&D project hosted by ENEL Distribuição São Paulo called Urban Futurability.","PeriodicalId":251518,"journal":{"name":"2022 Intermountain Engineering, Technology and Computing (IETC)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115247600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796842
Mason B. Peterson, R. Beard, Jacob B. Willis
Winged eVTOL aircraft’s ability to generate aerodynamic lift with wings and to create upward thrust with upward-facing rotors makes these vehicles capable of the kind of versatile flight needed in urban environments. Because of these vehicles’ aerodynamic complexities and their unique methods of producing thrusts and torques, control allocation is needed to determine how to distribute force and torque efforts across the aircraft’s actuators. However, current control allocation methods fail to properly represent the actuators’ complex dynamics and are unable to harness the full potential of these over-actuated vehicles. Current shortcomings include modeling rotors as linear effectors while the wide range of airspeeds experienced by eVTOL aircraft leads to significant nonlinearities in the thrust and torque achieved by each rotor. This means linear control allocation methods may consistently fail to produce desired thrusts and torques, which can inhibit the vehicle from tracking a trajectory at best, and at worst can cause the vehicle to stall and lose control. Additionally, current control allocation methods are often unable to prioritize low-energy actuators resulting in shorter battery life. We present a nonlinear control allocation method that considers a nonlinear rotor model, allows for prioritization of low-energy control surfaces over rotors, and reliably accounts for actuator saturation. Simulation results show a 90% reduction in high-airspeed trajectory tracking position error from a typical, linear least-squares pseudoinverse control allocation method while maintaining comparable energy use.
{"title":"Nonlinear, Low-Energy-Actuator-Prioritizing Control Allocation for Winged eVTOL UAVs","authors":"Mason B. Peterson, R. Beard, Jacob B. Willis","doi":"10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796842","url":null,"abstract":"Winged eVTOL aircraft’s ability to generate aerodynamic lift with wings and to create upward thrust with upward-facing rotors makes these vehicles capable of the kind of versatile flight needed in urban environments. Because of these vehicles’ aerodynamic complexities and their unique methods of producing thrusts and torques, control allocation is needed to determine how to distribute force and torque efforts across the aircraft’s actuators. However, current control allocation methods fail to properly represent the actuators’ complex dynamics and are unable to harness the full potential of these over-actuated vehicles. Current shortcomings include modeling rotors as linear effectors while the wide range of airspeeds experienced by eVTOL aircraft leads to significant nonlinearities in the thrust and torque achieved by each rotor. This means linear control allocation methods may consistently fail to produce desired thrusts and torques, which can inhibit the vehicle from tracking a trajectory at best, and at worst can cause the vehicle to stall and lose control. Additionally, current control allocation methods are often unable to prioritize low-energy actuators resulting in shorter battery life. We present a nonlinear control allocation method that considers a nonlinear rotor model, allows for prioritization of low-energy control surfaces over rotors, and reliably accounts for actuator saturation. Simulation results show a 90% reduction in high-airspeed trajectory tracking position error from a typical, linear least-squares pseudoinverse control allocation method while maintaining comparable energy use.","PeriodicalId":251518,"journal":{"name":"2022 Intermountain Engineering, Technology and Computing (IETC)","volume":"52 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116579614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796774
M. Ghanim, Khaled Shaaban
Heavy left-turn volumes can increase the delay at any signalized intersection. This study aims to investigate the interaction between through movement and left-turning movement at signalized intersections. A microsimulation approach is employed to simulate real traffic conditions at a signalized intersection in the city of Doha, Qatar. Different scenarios with different traffic needs, left-turn bay designs, and traffic control parameters were used. For each scenario, the left-turn throughput, average delay, and average queue are recorded. The results indicated that the approach volume is influencing the level of utilization of left-turn lanes, regardless of the number of lanes or the storage length. The results also reveal that high delay at left-turn lanes is experienced as the through movements reach capacity. In regards to left-turn queues, while increasing the number of left-turn lanes has reduced the queue length, the associated high delays indicate that the storage bay is not fully utilized, and many of the left-turn vehicles are not allowed to enter the left-turn bay due to the through movement demand. The results indicate that through movement flow rate should be considered when deciding the number and length of left-turn lanes needed instead of focusing only on the left turn demand. The results also suggest that the use of microsimulation can provide more accurate results when determining the length and number of left-turn lanes.
{"title":"Effect of Through Movement Flow Rate on Left-Turn Lane Utilization at Signalized Intersections","authors":"M. Ghanim, Khaled Shaaban","doi":"10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796774","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy left-turn volumes can increase the delay at any signalized intersection. This study aims to investigate the interaction between through movement and left-turning movement at signalized intersections. A microsimulation approach is employed to simulate real traffic conditions at a signalized intersection in the city of Doha, Qatar. Different scenarios with different traffic needs, left-turn bay designs, and traffic control parameters were used. For each scenario, the left-turn throughput, average delay, and average queue are recorded. The results indicated that the approach volume is influencing the level of utilization of left-turn lanes, regardless of the number of lanes or the storage length. The results also reveal that high delay at left-turn lanes is experienced as the through movements reach capacity. In regards to left-turn queues, while increasing the number of left-turn lanes has reduced the queue length, the associated high delays indicate that the storage bay is not fully utilized, and many of the left-turn vehicles are not allowed to enter the left-turn bay due to the through movement demand. The results indicate that through movement flow rate should be considered when deciding the number and length of left-turn lanes needed instead of focusing only on the left turn demand. The results also suggest that the use of microsimulation can provide more accurate results when determining the length and number of left-turn lanes.","PeriodicalId":251518,"journal":{"name":"2022 Intermountain Engineering, Technology and Computing (IETC)","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129031273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796713
K. Shaaban, E. Radwan
Hyperloop technology testing and development can be the center of attention in the future as the concept is appealing to some scientific, industry, and business communities alike. Research and development are currently taking place in some research labs around the globe with small-scale prototypes being tested. While the technology appears to have advantages over some other modes of transportation with respect to energy savings, travel time savings, and carbon footprints, it remains to be seen how it will address challenges such as passenger safety, system security, escalating construction and maintenance costs, public acceptance, government regulations, and financing of the system. The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of these challenges.
{"title":"Design Challenges for Hyperloop Transport Systems","authors":"K. Shaaban, E. Radwan","doi":"10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796713","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperloop technology testing and development can be the center of attention in the future as the concept is appealing to some scientific, industry, and business communities alike. Research and development are currently taking place in some research labs around the globe with small-scale prototypes being tested. While the technology appears to have advantages over some other modes of transportation with respect to energy savings, travel time savings, and carbon footprints, it remains to be seen how it will address challenges such as passenger safety, system security, escalating construction and maintenance costs, public acceptance, government regulations, and financing of the system. The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of these challenges.","PeriodicalId":251518,"journal":{"name":"2022 Intermountain Engineering, Technology and Computing (IETC)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131963436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796750
Waseem Sheikh
The best practices of agile software development have had a significant positive impact on the quality of software and time-to-delivery. As a result, many leading software companies employ some form of agile software development practices. Some of the most important best practices of agile software development, which have received significant attention in recent years, are automated unit testing (AUT) and test-driven development (TDD). Both of these practices work in conjunction to provide numerous benefits. Unfortunately, students in introductory programming courses are generally not introduced to AUT and TDD. This leads to the development of bad programming habits and practices which become harder to change later on. By introducing the students earlier to these industry-standard best practices, not only the motivation and interest of students in this area can be increased but also their academic success and job marketability can be enhanced. This paper presents the detailed design of an introductory C++ programming course designed using the principles of AUT and TDD. The paper presents the pedagogical techniques employed to inculcate industry-proven agile software development best practices in the students.
{"title":"Automated Unit Testing and Test-Driven Development Approach to Teaching C++","authors":"Waseem Sheikh","doi":"10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796750","url":null,"abstract":"The best practices of agile software development have had a significant positive impact on the quality of software and time-to-delivery. As a result, many leading software companies employ some form of agile software development practices. Some of the most important best practices of agile software development, which have received significant attention in recent years, are automated unit testing (AUT) and test-driven development (TDD). Both of these practices work in conjunction to provide numerous benefits. Unfortunately, students in introductory programming courses are generally not introduced to AUT and TDD. This leads to the development of bad programming habits and practices which become harder to change later on. By introducing the students earlier to these industry-standard best practices, not only the motivation and interest of students in this area can be increased but also their academic success and job marketability can be enhanced. This paper presents the detailed design of an introductory C++ programming course designed using the principles of AUT and TDD. The paper presents the pedagogical techniques employed to inculcate industry-proven agile software development best practices in the students.","PeriodicalId":251518,"journal":{"name":"2022 Intermountain Engineering, Technology and Computing (IETC)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133895163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796892
Kaveen Liyanage, Bradley M. Whitaker
Feature ranking is an interesting problem in data science due to the time and effort wasted on collecting, storing, and processing redundant features. This may also lead to over-fitted and under-trained machine learning (ML) and deep learning models. Although there are several feature ranking algorithms available, they lack an intuitive interpretation of the effect on the final ML model behavior. In this paper, we propose simple and intuitive feature ranking metrics based on sparse representation methods to be used in classification tasks. Sparse representation is an emerging image processing tool that can be effectively used in satellite/airborne image scene classification tasks. This paper applies two sparse representation methods, LCKSVD and Frozen Dictionary Learning, on handcrafted features taken from the Sat-4 and Sat-6 datasets as a preliminary test. Even though these methods report lower classification accuracies than state-of-art deep learning methods, they provide an intuitive understanding of the system model. Furthermore, sparse representation allows for the use of simpler linear classifiers in the classification stage to achieve relatively high performance. Finally, we present an analysis of the relationship between the learned sparse coefficients and the original feature space to explain the intuitive behavior of this model.
{"title":"Feature Analysis in Satellite Image Classification Using LC-KSVD and Frozen Dictionary Learning","authors":"Kaveen Liyanage, Bradley M. Whitaker","doi":"10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796892","url":null,"abstract":"Feature ranking is an interesting problem in data science due to the time and effort wasted on collecting, storing, and processing redundant features. This may also lead to over-fitted and under-trained machine learning (ML) and deep learning models. Although there are several feature ranking algorithms available, they lack an intuitive interpretation of the effect on the final ML model behavior. In this paper, we propose simple and intuitive feature ranking metrics based on sparse representation methods to be used in classification tasks. Sparse representation is an emerging image processing tool that can be effectively used in satellite/airborne image scene classification tasks. This paper applies two sparse representation methods, LCKSVD and Frozen Dictionary Learning, on handcrafted features taken from the Sat-4 and Sat-6 datasets as a preliminary test. Even though these methods report lower classification accuracies than state-of-art deep learning methods, they provide an intuitive understanding of the system model. Furthermore, sparse representation allows for the use of simpler linear classifiers in the classification stage to achieve relatively high performance. Finally, we present an analysis of the relationship between the learned sparse coefficients and the original feature space to explain the intuitive behavior of this model.","PeriodicalId":251518,"journal":{"name":"2022 Intermountain Engineering, Technology and Computing (IETC)","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114995273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796855
Khaled Shaaban, Luke Maeser
This study aims to investigate public transportation usage in the state of Utah during the period from 2017 to 2020. The study also aims to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the system in the year 2020. Based on the ridership data for different transportation modes including commuter rail, light rail, paratransit, and regular bus, the regular bus was the most used public transportation mode followed by light rail. The results also showed that the population is growing in Utah while the ridership for different modes is declining except for commuter rail. The system ridership decreased by almost half during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The highest impacted mode was the commuter rail followed by the light rail. The lowest impacted mode was the regular bus.
{"title":"The COVID-19 Pandemic and Public Transportation Usage in Utah","authors":"Khaled Shaaban, Luke Maeser","doi":"10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796855","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate public transportation usage in the state of Utah during the period from 2017 to 2020. The study also aims to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the system in the year 2020. Based on the ridership data for different transportation modes including commuter rail, light rail, paratransit, and regular bus, the regular bus was the most used public transportation mode followed by light rail. The results also showed that the population is growing in Utah while the ridership for different modes is declining except for commuter rail. The system ridership decreased by almost half during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The highest impacted mode was the commuter rail followed by the light rail. The lowest impacted mode was the regular bus.","PeriodicalId":251518,"journal":{"name":"2022 Intermountain Engineering, Technology and Computing (IETC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117232017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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