Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796864
Rachel Ann Valek, Emily Sara Walmer, Cristian Alun Dorrett, K. Tanner, Anna Catherine Cardall, G. Williams, W. Miller
Limnocorrals are a tool that can be used to create simplified water columns, or mesocosms, in which to conduct experiments and to help further understand aspects of the water column such as nutrient cycling. Six limnocorrals were installed in Utah Lake in 2021 and monitored closely from May through November. While the limnocorrals performed well as mesocosms, there were structural issues, and the corrals were significantly damaged. Methods were developed to strengthen the limnocorrals, mitigate damage, and reinstall the corrals. All experiences with the limnocorrals, what types of damage they experienced, how this was addressed, and information on the performance of the limnocorrals was reported. Performance was evaluated by comparing the geochemical environment of the corrals with the lake, and by performing studies to quantify water residence time in the corrals.
{"title":"Utah Lake Nutrient Cycling Studies: Limnocorral Usage and Experiments","authors":"Rachel Ann Valek, Emily Sara Walmer, Cristian Alun Dorrett, K. Tanner, Anna Catherine Cardall, G. Williams, W. Miller","doi":"10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796864","url":null,"abstract":"Limnocorrals are a tool that can be used to create simplified water columns, or mesocosms, in which to conduct experiments and to help further understand aspects of the water column such as nutrient cycling. Six limnocorrals were installed in Utah Lake in 2021 and monitored closely from May through November. While the limnocorrals performed well as mesocosms, there were structural issues, and the corrals were significantly damaged. Methods were developed to strengthen the limnocorrals, mitigate damage, and reinstall the corrals. All experiences with the limnocorrals, what types of damage they experienced, how this was addressed, and information on the performance of the limnocorrals was reported. Performance was evaluated by comparing the geochemical environment of the corrals with the lake, and by performing studies to quantify water residence time in the corrals.","PeriodicalId":251518,"journal":{"name":"2022 Intermountain Engineering, Technology and Computing (IETC)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132259536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796871
Brian Durney, E. Durney
Because of climate change and other problems there is an urgent need for increased innovation in the carmaking industry. The computer industry has a very high innovation rate. Switching from integrated cars to modular cars could make the carmaking industry more like the computer industry and could provide a number of advantages for cars and the carmaking industry, including increased innovation, more pervasive use of clean, renewable, and carbon-neutral energy sources, and promoting sustainability in carmaking and reparability of cars. Until modular cars are built, those advantages are theoretical advantages. Building modular model cars is a way to start to move from theoretical research on modular cars to practical research and development. Modular model cars are a great teaching tool, and students can contribute to the process of increasing innovation in carmaking.
{"title":"Using Modular Model Cars to Drive Innovation and Learning","authors":"Brian Durney, E. Durney","doi":"10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796871","url":null,"abstract":"Because of climate change and other problems there is an urgent need for increased innovation in the carmaking industry. The computer industry has a very high innovation rate. Switching from integrated cars to modular cars could make the carmaking industry more like the computer industry and could provide a number of advantages for cars and the carmaking industry, including increased innovation, more pervasive use of clean, renewable, and carbon-neutral energy sources, and promoting sustainability in carmaking and reparability of cars. Until modular cars are built, those advantages are theoretical advantages. Building modular model cars is a way to start to move from theoretical research on modular cars to practical research and development. Modular model cars are a great teaching tool, and students can contribute to the process of increasing innovation in carmaking.","PeriodicalId":251518,"journal":{"name":"2022 Intermountain Engineering, Technology and Computing (IETC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129688075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796765
Elizabeth Hedrick, Michael Harper, E. Oliver, Daniel Hatch
Virtual reality (VR) offers a potentially engaging environment for teaching college students. The faculty of an interaction design program is currently creating a college course where students are taught entirely in a VR classroom. The curriculum and study methodology are simultaneously in the development process and intend to measure the impact of such a course on students and instructors. The research questions in consideration involve understanding the needs for facilitating a classroom in a virtual world while ensuring learning occurs. The faculty plans to use the metaverse as a dual workspace and classroom for student participants. The metaverse is an online social experience where students interact through an internet connection in a seemingly lifelike digital space. Additional questions involve the adoption of a beta of the Meta Horizon Workrooms and whether the technology offers a viable platform for virtual classroom instruction. The proposed technology integrations include video conferencing, spatial audio, and additional app integrations for increasing student engagement and academic performance.
{"title":"Teaching & Learning in Virtual Reality: Metaverse Classroom Exploration","authors":"Elizabeth Hedrick, Michael Harper, E. Oliver, Daniel Hatch","doi":"10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796765","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual reality (VR) offers a potentially engaging environment for teaching college students. The faculty of an interaction design program is currently creating a college course where students are taught entirely in a VR classroom. The curriculum and study methodology are simultaneously in the development process and intend to measure the impact of such a course on students and instructors. The research questions in consideration involve understanding the needs for facilitating a classroom in a virtual world while ensuring learning occurs. The faculty plans to use the metaverse as a dual workspace and classroom for student participants. The metaverse is an online social experience where students interact through an internet connection in a seemingly lifelike digital space. Additional questions involve the adoption of a beta of the Meta Horizon Workrooms and whether the technology offers a viable platform for virtual classroom instruction. The proposed technology integrations include video conferencing, spatial audio, and additional app integrations for increasing student engagement and academic performance.","PeriodicalId":251518,"journal":{"name":"2022 Intermountain Engineering, Technology and Computing (IETC)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125109712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796759
Mohammad Shekaramiz, T. Moon
We address here the non-sparse signal reconstruction behavior of the Gaussian-inverse-Gamma model, in the context of compressive sensing using sparse Bayesian learning with variational Bayes (VB) inference. We estimate the numerical sparsity level of the signal of interest using sparse Bayesian learning and VB inference. Then, we feed the estimated sparsity level along with the estimated variance on the components of the sparse signal to the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm to refine the reconstruction results. The results show the performance improvement of sparse signal recovery, with a reasonable computation cost.
{"title":"Sparse Bayesian Learning Via Variational Bayes Fused With Orthogonal Matching Pursuit","authors":"Mohammad Shekaramiz, T. Moon","doi":"10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796759","url":null,"abstract":"We address here the non-sparse signal reconstruction behavior of the Gaussian-inverse-Gamma model, in the context of compressive sensing using sparse Bayesian learning with variational Bayes (VB) inference. We estimate the numerical sparsity level of the signal of interest using sparse Bayesian learning and VB inference. Then, we feed the estimated sparsity level along with the estimated variance on the components of the sparse signal to the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm to refine the reconstruction results. The results show the performance improvement of sparse signal recovery, with a reasonable computation cost.","PeriodicalId":251518,"journal":{"name":"2022 Intermountain Engineering, Technology and Computing (IETC)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115436642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796689
Aarushi Sarbhai, R. Gouripeddi, Philip Lundrigan, Pavithra Chidambaram, Aakanksha Saha, Randy Madsen, J. Facelli, K. Sward, S. Kasera
Commercial Internet of Things (IoT) sensors enable continuous data collection that benefits exposomic studies. The Exposure Health Informatics Ecosystem (EHIE) is one such sensor-based informatics platform for performing multiple simultaneous exposomic studies. It captures data from networks of sensors designed to record air quality in homes of the study’s participants and neighboring areas. In such cases where sensors are continually streaming data, it is crucial to monitor, in real time, the operational status of the network and record possible anomalies. Data collected by these sensors is only useful if it is free of errors. Therefore, maintaining the proper integrity of devices requires the capture of all deployment events that can cause anomalies. Tracking faults by recording system metadata is a difficult task, and we need a mechanism to capture the trajectories of devices within and across studies, systematically capture metadata of deployed version, and assign appropriate provenance to data recorded from each sensor. In this paper, we propose the use of a permissioned blockchain to manage the metadata and connect seemingly unrelated changes to create a trajectory of events that could result in the errors we observe. We implement a preliminary version of our blockchain solution in Hyperledger Fabric to help track errors in such a volatile setup. We also highlight how the properties of blockchain fulfill the essential needs for a metadata management solution needed in our case study.
{"title":"Utilizing a Blockchain for Managing Sensor Metadata in Exposure Health Studies","authors":"Aarushi Sarbhai, R. Gouripeddi, Philip Lundrigan, Pavithra Chidambaram, Aakanksha Saha, Randy Madsen, J. Facelli, K. Sward, S. Kasera","doi":"10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796689","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial Internet of Things (IoT) sensors enable continuous data collection that benefits exposomic studies. The Exposure Health Informatics Ecosystem (EHIE) is one such sensor-based informatics platform for performing multiple simultaneous exposomic studies. It captures data from networks of sensors designed to record air quality in homes of the study’s participants and neighboring areas. In such cases where sensors are continually streaming data, it is crucial to monitor, in real time, the operational status of the network and record possible anomalies. Data collected by these sensors is only useful if it is free of errors. Therefore, maintaining the proper integrity of devices requires the capture of all deployment events that can cause anomalies. Tracking faults by recording system metadata is a difficult task, and we need a mechanism to capture the trajectories of devices within and across studies, systematically capture metadata of deployed version, and assign appropriate provenance to data recorded from each sensor. In this paper, we propose the use of a permissioned blockchain to manage the metadata and connect seemingly unrelated changes to create a trajectory of events that could result in the errors we observe. We implement a preliminary version of our blockchain solution in Hyperledger Fabric to help track errors in such a volatile setup. We also highlight how the properties of blockchain fulfill the essential needs for a metadata management solution needed in our case study.","PeriodicalId":251518,"journal":{"name":"2022 Intermountain Engineering, Technology and Computing (IETC)","volume":"770 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113982263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796946
Jeffrey Johnson, R. Houghton, A. Jensen
Port knocking emerged as method of authentication in the Early 2000s. Repurposing the technology has created a new communication medium. Instead of forming a client-server connection, we utilize port knocking to send Morse code between two computers. The idea is still in testing, but it shows promise with discreet communication. (Abstract)
{"title":"Communication without Connection","authors":"Jeffrey Johnson, R. Houghton, A. Jensen","doi":"10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796946","url":null,"abstract":"Port knocking emerged as method of authentication in the Early 2000s. Repurposing the technology has created a new communication medium. Instead of forming a client-server connection, we utilize port knocking to send Morse code between two computers. The idea is still in testing, but it shows promise with discreet communication. (Abstract)","PeriodicalId":251518,"journal":{"name":"2022 Intermountain Engineering, Technology and Computing (IETC)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121511603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796805
C. Winstead
In response to emergency conditions brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, universities were obliged to rapidly transition their mode of education to a remote format. This paper describes a rapidly deployed platform for remote laboratory education in a junior-level undergraduate microelectronics course. The paper describes physical circuit design, server organization, remote access procedures and educational outcomes.
{"title":"Remote Microelectronics Laboratory Education in the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"C. Winstead","doi":"10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796805","url":null,"abstract":"In response to emergency conditions brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, universities were obliged to rapidly transition their mode of education to a remote format. This paper describes a rapidly deployed platform for remote laboratory education in a junior-level undergraduate microelectronics course. The paper describes physical circuit design, server organization, remote access procedures and educational outcomes.","PeriodicalId":251518,"journal":{"name":"2022 Intermountain Engineering, Technology and Computing (IETC)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117005570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796796
G. Zeng
This paper provides some intuitions of how deep learning works. Two examples are presented. They are region identification and object recognition. These intuitions are helpful in understanding deep learning in general and are helpful in classroom teaching.
{"title":"Examples of Machine Learning Models from Classic to Modern","authors":"G. Zeng","doi":"10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796796","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides some intuitions of how deep learning works. Two examples are presented. They are region identification and object recognition. These intuitions are helpful in understanding deep learning in general and are helpful in classroom teaching.","PeriodicalId":251518,"journal":{"name":"2022 Intermountain Engineering, Technology and Computing (IETC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131113884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796675
M. Ghanim, Khaled Shaaban, Suhaib Allawi
Delay at signalized intersections can be estimated by performing onsite measurements, applying analytical models, or using microsimulations. The Highway Capacity Manual 2010 (HCM 2010) methodology is considered to be one of the most convenient and practical analytical methods. HCM 2010 includes a set of different performance measures that thoroughly describe the operations for various travel modes, which makes it the favored methodology by local traffic engineers and planners. This study uses observed traffic data at major signalized intersections to estimate and compare different methods of estimating traffic delays at those intersections. A total of 16 intersections located within the City of Doha in Qatar are selected. For each intersection, traffic demand and signal timings data are collected during three peak periods. First, the turning movements, queue lengths, and geometric layout data are used to build these intersections within a microsimulation environment. To replicate real-life conditions, the microsimulation models were calibrated using several measurements that are observed in the field, such as average delay, average travel time, and intersection throughputs. The HCM2010 procedures are then used to estimate the delays at those junctions. A comparison is made between the simulated delays and those estimated using HCM 2010 procedures. The results revealed that the HCM 2010 method overestimates the calculated control delay at signalized intersections. Moreover, the results show that the default base saturation flow rate of 1,900 pc/hr/ln does not reflect the local conditions in the State of Qatar. Further investigations reveal that a base saturation flow rate of 2,300pc/hr/ln is better reflecting the real-life traffic conditions in Qatar.
{"title":"Operational Performance of Signalized Intersections: HCM and Microsimulation Comparison","authors":"M. Ghanim, Khaled Shaaban, Suhaib Allawi","doi":"10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796675","url":null,"abstract":"Delay at signalized intersections can be estimated by performing onsite measurements, applying analytical models, or using microsimulations. The Highway Capacity Manual 2010 (HCM 2010) methodology is considered to be one of the most convenient and practical analytical methods. HCM 2010 includes a set of different performance measures that thoroughly describe the operations for various travel modes, which makes it the favored methodology by local traffic engineers and planners. This study uses observed traffic data at major signalized intersections to estimate and compare different methods of estimating traffic delays at those intersections. A total of 16 intersections located within the City of Doha in Qatar are selected. For each intersection, traffic demand and signal timings data are collected during three peak periods. First, the turning movements, queue lengths, and geometric layout data are used to build these intersections within a microsimulation environment. To replicate real-life conditions, the microsimulation models were calibrated using several measurements that are observed in the field, such as average delay, average travel time, and intersection throughputs. The HCM2010 procedures are then used to estimate the delays at those junctions. A comparison is made between the simulated delays and those estimated using HCM 2010 procedures. The results revealed that the HCM 2010 method overestimates the calculated control delay at signalized intersections. Moreover, the results show that the default base saturation flow rate of 1,900 pc/hr/ln does not reflect the local conditions in the State of Qatar. Further investigations reveal that a base saturation flow rate of 2,300pc/hr/ln is better reflecting the real-life traffic conditions in Qatar.","PeriodicalId":251518,"journal":{"name":"2022 Intermountain Engineering, Technology and Computing (IETC)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127003681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796941
T. Moon, Jared O. Jensen, J. Gunther
We extend the idea of solving noisy overdetermined equations to $GF(2)$ equations. The equation $Ax = d$ is to be solved, where the right-hand side d is not known exactly, but has probabilistic errors that are characterized by a log-likelihood function. A solution is obtained by selecting full-rank submatrices and solving the resulting system of equations using tanh rule to produce multiple soft solutions, whose log likelihood functions are averaged together. Several different methods of selecting the submatrices are described. A pseudoinverse-like solution is also presented. Hard solutions are also computed. The methods are compared against each other. The soft solutions provide significant improvement compared with the hard solutions, although still not achieving maximum likelihood performance.
{"title":"Soft Solution of Noisy Linear GF(2) Equations","authors":"T. Moon, Jared O. Jensen, J. Gunther","doi":"10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ietc54973.2022.9796941","url":null,"abstract":"We extend the idea of solving noisy overdetermined equations to $GF(2)$ equations. The equation $Ax = d$ is to be solved, where the right-hand side d is not known exactly, but has probabilistic errors that are characterized by a log-likelihood function. A solution is obtained by selecting full-rank submatrices and solving the resulting system of equations using tanh rule to produce multiple soft solutions, whose log likelihood functions are averaged together. Several different methods of selecting the submatrices are described. A pseudoinverse-like solution is also presented. Hard solutions are also computed. The methods are compared against each other. The soft solutions provide significant improvement compared with the hard solutions, although still not achieving maximum likelihood performance.","PeriodicalId":251518,"journal":{"name":"2022 Intermountain Engineering, Technology and Computing (IETC)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132181901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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