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Proceedings of 2012 9th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences & Technology (IBCAST)最新文献

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Doppler shift compensation techniques for LEO satellite on-board receivers 低轨道卫星星载接收机的多普勒频移补偿技术
U. Naeem, Z. Jawaid, S. Sadruddin
In this paper two techniques employed for compensating the Doppler shift encountered in LEO satellite receivers are presented. These include the analog compensation technique involving the carrier tracking loop and the compressive receiver technique. The compressive receiver technique which involves precise detection of the rapidly time varying carrier frequency received by the satellite receiver is discussed in further detail. A compressive receiver with a center frequency of 100 kHz and a Doppler shift up to ±100 kHz is simulated on MATLAB to test the technique.
本文介绍了补偿低轨道卫星接收机多普勒频移的两种技术。其中包括载波跟踪环路模拟补偿技术和压缩接收机技术。进一步详细讨论了压缩接收机技术,该技术涉及对卫星接收机接收到的快速时变载波频率进行精确检测。在MATLAB上对中心频率为100khz、多普勒频移为±100khz的压缩接收机进行了仿真。
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引用次数: 5
Design, control and implementation of a ball on plate balancing system 板上球平衡系统的设计、控制与实现
A. Zeeshan, N. Nauman, M. Khan
The ball balancing system in a 2-degree of freedom platform is of unique importance in understanding the control system applications. It is a platform to test and identify different aspects of controls, as the non-linearities increases with the degree of freedoms. So far many techniques have been applied to sense the position of the ball on a plate in real time, most common of them is touchpad and audio video camera system. This paper describes the design, development and control strategy of balancing a ball on a plate using low cost phototransistor sensors. These Phototransistors are triggered by monochromatic sharp beams of laser light. The plate area is 1sq. foot and an array of 11 sensors each 1 inch apart is used on each axis making total of 121 points on the plate. To balance the ball, two motors are used one for each axis. The ground motor is fixed, while to control the other axis second motor is fixed on top of the ground motor. Hence the system utilizes two sets of independent control mechanisms, each operating in isolation for each axis. ATMEGA16 microcontroller is used which is an Atmel AVR family controller with a flash memory of 16 kb. Since it has two independently switched PWM channels, therefore, it makes this controller ideal for the purpose. Dynamic modeling of the system yields the digital controller capable of balancing the ball in any of the desired positions out of 121 points, on the plate. Although the system becomes quite discrete but still it provides sufficient basis for implementing different control strategies and investigating different system parameters such as actuation mechanism, sensors, controller design and experimental testing, under the predefined condition of the ball diameter.
二自由度平台中的球平衡系统对于理解控制系统的应用具有独特的重要性。这是一个测试和识别控制的不同方面的平台,因为非线性随着自由度的增加而增加。到目前为止,已经应用了许多技术来实时感知球在板上的位置,其中最常见的是触摸板和音频视频摄像机系统。本文介绍了利用低成本光电晶体管传感器在平板上平衡球的设计、开发和控制策略。这些光电晶体管是由单色激光束触发的。平板面积是1sq。脚和11个传感器阵列,每个轴相距1英寸,在板上总共有121个点。为了平衡球,使用了两个马达,每个轴一个。所述接地电机是固定的,而控制另一轴的第二电机固定在所述接地电机的顶部。因此,该系统采用了两套独立的控制机制,每个控制机制对每个轴都是隔离的。使用ATMEGA16微控制器,它是Atmel AVR系列控制器,具有16 kb的闪存。由于它具有两个独立开关的PWM通道,因此,它使该控制器非常适合此目的。系统的动态建模产生的数字控制器能够平衡球在任何所需的位置的121点,在板上。虽然系统变得非常离散,但仍然为在预定的球径条件下实施不同的控制策略和研究不同的系统参数(如作动机构、传感器、控制器设计和实验测试)提供了充分的依据。
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引用次数: 28
Sliding mode control of lateral dynamics of an AUV 水下航行器横向动力学的滑模控制
I. Khan, A. I. Bhatti, Q. Khan, Q. Ahmad
This paper presents various sliding mode techniques starting from a conventional first order SMC and then integral SMC, Super twisting algorithm and real twisting algorithm) for the tracking control of the lateral dynamics of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). Moreover the controllability and observability analysis of the lateral dynamics is given and a Slotine observer [J, -J. E Slotine, J. K Hedrick, E. A. Misawa 1987] has also been proposed for it. Based on the simulation results a comparison of various controllers is made. The higher order SMC provides a chattering free tracking and a model free control which is robust to parametric variations.
从传统的一阶滑模控制到积分滑模控制、超扭转算法和实扭转算法,提出了用于自主水下航行器(AUV)横向动力学跟踪控制的各种滑模技术。此外,给出了横向动力学的可控性和可观测性分析,并给出了一个slotime观测器[J]。E Slotine, J. K . Hedrick, E. A. Misawa 1987]也被提出。在仿真结果的基础上,对各种控制器进行了比较。高阶SMC提供无抖振跟踪和无模型控制,对参数变化具有鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 8
Hardware implementation of analog beamformer for phased array radar (PAR) 相控阵雷达(PAR)模拟波束形成器的硬件实现
H. A. Mirza, I. Shah, F. Abbasi, M. Shafiq
Beamformer is an indispensible part of any phased array system. Analog beamformer is the simpler method where the individual signals received from array of antennas are co-phased and summed to maximize the signal reception. The co-phasing is achieved through data independent weights which are predefined as per direction of arrival. These weights are applied to the analog phase shifter IC, which produces a set of phases in order to compensate the directional phase shifts. Signals are then combined with a power combiner. For realistic demonstration, signals from different locations are transmitted through a transmitter with a horn antenna. The beamformer successfully enhances the signal from the direction of interest.
波束形成器是任何相控阵系统不可缺少的组成部分。模拟波束形成是一种较简单的方法,其中从天线阵列接收的单个信号共相并求和以最大限度地提高信号接收。共相是通过根据到达方向预定义的数据独立权重来实现的。这些权重被应用于模拟移相器IC,它产生一组相位以补偿定向相移。然后用功率合成器将信号合并。为了实际演示,来自不同位置的信号通过带有喇叭天线的发射机传输。波束形成器成功地增强了来自感兴趣方向的信号。
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引用次数: 1
CFD analysis of supersonic jet impingement on axisymmetric deflector plate 轴对称偏转板上超音速射流冲击的CFD分析
A. Ahmed, A. Baig, S. Bilal, S. Zahir
The study of jet impingement on axisymmetric deflector plate is done using commercial CFD code. The problem of jet impingement was analyzed by developing a supersonic nozzle flow as free expansion and then capturing the effects of its jet impinging upon flat plate first and then deflector plate. The deflector plate was optimized for its design by varying distance between nozzle exit plane and deflector plate apex. The CFD solutions were time-variant but phenomenon of jet plume formation stabilizes after a time interval after which the effects were captured in form of pressure distribution on deflector plate.
利用商业CFD程序对轴对称偏转板上的射流冲击进行了研究。分析了射流冲击问题,将超声速喷管流动发展为自由膨胀流,并首先捕捉其射流对平板和偏转板的冲击效应。通过改变喷嘴出口平面与导流板顶点之间的距离,对导流板进行了优化设计。CFD解是时变的,但射流羽流形成现象在一段时间间隔后稳定下来,之后的影响以偏转板上的压力分布的形式被捕获。
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引用次数: 2
Numerical simulation of supersonic flow over compression expansion corner using 3-D NS code 利用三维NS代码对压缩膨胀拐角处超音速流动进行数值模拟
Imran Mahmood, Mansoor-ul-Haq, H. Rafiuddin, M. Rafique
Supersonic flow over a compression expansion corner is simulatednumerically. Three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations have been solvedovercompression expansion corner for validation of in- house three dimensional Navier stokes code. Steger and warming flux vector splitting scheme has been used. Simulation captures all the features of complex flow problem including formation of oblique shock, expansion wave and their reflection and interaction. The results compare very well with the analytical data.
用数值方法模拟了超声速在压缩膨胀角上的流动。通过求解三维纳维-斯托克斯方程,验证了内部三维纳维-斯托克斯代码的超压缩扩展角。采用Steger和升温通量矢量分割格式。模拟捕捉了复杂流动问题的所有特征,包括斜激波、膨胀波的形成及其反射和相互作用。计算结果与分析数据吻合良好。
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引用次数: 0
Static & dynamic sliding mode control of ball and beam system 球梁系统的静态和动态滑模控制
Abdul Manan Khan, Amir Iqbal Bhatti, Sami-ud-Din, Q. Khan
This paper presents an application of static and dynamic sliding mode control of ball and beam system. Conventional PID controllers use incomplete simplified models and are mostly designed for linear systems. Although, some PID controllers are designed for nonlinear system but they are using simplified incomplete model which do not cater for matched disturbances. Our proposed control laws using static & dynamic sliding mode control use complete nonlinear system without model approximation. Moreover, static sliding mode control (SSMC) caters for matched disturbance rejection as well. There is an inherent issue of chattering with static sliding mode control (SSMC). However, dynamics sliding mode control (DSMC) counter it well. DSMC is not only equally effective when it comes to matched disturbance rejection but also removes chattering as well. In the end detailed comparative analysis is presented and experimental results confirm the superiority of DSMC.
本文介绍了静、动态滑模控制在球梁系统中的应用。传统的PID控制器采用不完全简化模型,主要针对线性系统设计。虽然有些PID控制器是针对非线性系统设计的,但它们使用的是简化的不完全模型,不能适应匹配扰动。我们提出的静态和动态滑模控制律采用完全非线性系统,不需要模型逼近。此外,静态滑模控制(SSMC)还满足匹配干扰抑制的要求。静态滑模控制存在固有的抖振问题。然而,动态滑模控制(DSMC)很好地解决了这一问题。DSMC不仅在抑制匹配干扰方面同样有效,而且在消除抖振方面也同样有效。最后进行了详细的对比分析,实验结果证实了DSMC的优越性。
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引用次数: 4
Ultra Wide Band Radio DWDM rings with photonic UWB pulse generation and transmission in presence of non-linearities 具有光子超宽带脉冲产生和传输的超宽带无线电DWDM环存在非线性
A. Mumtaz, M. K. Islam, A. Hassan, O. Khalid
We have presented a method for optical generation of doublet and triplet and presented a complete DWDM ring on single fiber with UWB generation for uplink signal. This UWB system can support 3 rings. Optical Add Drop Multiplexers are used at each UWB node to drop and insert the required wavelengths. Simulation of Self-phase modulation is done to study the effects on UWB transmission and method has been proposed to minimize the effects.
我们提出了一种双态和三态的光产生方法,并在单光纤上提出了一个完整的DWDM环,上行信号用UWB产生。这个超宽带系统可以支持3个环。每个UWB节点使用光加丢复用器来丢入和插入所需的波长。通过仿真研究了自相位调制对超宽带传输的影响,并提出了减小自相位调制影响的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of modelled reynolds stresses for mild separation using RANS, DES and DDES schemes 采用RANS、DES和DDES方案模拟轻度分离的雷诺数应力比较
N. Durrani
The present study is focused to evaluate the accuracy of the Detached-Eddy Simulation (DES), Delayed Detached-Eddy Simulation (DDES) and Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations for a mild separation case. An in-house code dynamic grid detached eddy simulation `DG-DES' is used. The modeled turbulent Reynolds stresses are computed as a reference quantity. The flow around Aerospatiale A-airfoil at maximum lift with angle of attack α=13.3° and at a Reynolds number of 2× 106 is taken as the test case. The detailed experimental data for this case is available in the open literature. The computed turbulent Reynolds stresses from DES are lower than RANS within the boundary layer at the leading edge of the suction side. It is argued to be due to the premature switching to less dissipative LES mode within boundary layer. The DDES gives comparable values to RANS, as an expected outcome. It is observed that for the cases with the mild separation, although DDES works in correct fashion in line with the basic concept of treating the whole of the boundary layer in RANS mode. However, the original DES may perform better than the DDES due to lower dissipation characteristics. The DES results on the suction side in the wake-region are encouraging and comparatively better than DDES, despite its switching problem.
本文主要研究了在轻度分离情况下,分离涡模拟(DES)、延迟分离涡模拟(DDES)和Reynolds平均Navier-Stokes (RANS)方程的准确性。使用内部代码动态网格分离涡流模拟' DG-DES'。模拟的湍流雷诺应力作为参考量计算。以航空航天a型在最大升力、迎角为α=13.3°、雷诺数为2× 106时的绕流为试验用例。该病例的详细实验数据可在公开文献中找到。在吸力侧前缘的边界层内,用DES计算得到的湍流雷诺应力低于RANS。认为这是由于在边界层内过早地切换到耗散较小的LES模式所致。作为预期的结果,DDES给出了与RANS相当的值。观察到,对于轻度分离的情况,虽然DDES的工作方式是正确的,但符合在RANS模式下处理整个边界层的基本概念。但是,由于耗散特性较低,原始DES可能比DDES性能更好。尽管存在切换问题,但在尾迹区吸力侧的DES结果令人鼓舞,并且相对优于DDES。
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引用次数: 0
Detached eddy simulations an economical tool for CFD 分离涡模拟是一种经济的CFD工具
M. Sohail, Yan Chao, M. Husain, R. Ullah
Flow field around high speed vehicles is very complex and difficult to simulate. The boundary layers are squeezed between shock layer and body surface. Resolution of boundary layer, shock wave and turbulent regions where the flow field has high values is difficult to capture. DNS and Large eddy simulation (LES) are very good CFD techniques but these are computationally expensive. The latter allows to generate useful solutions to transient flows, while still maintaining computationally realistic problems. Detached eddy simulation (DES) is a modification of a RANS model in which the model switches to a subgrid scale formulation in regions fine enough for LES calculations. Regions near solid body boundaries and where the turbulent length scale is less than the maximum grid dimension are assigned the RANS mode of solution. As the turbulent length scale exceeds the grid dimension, these regions are solved using the LES mode. Therefore the grid resolution is not as demanding as pure LES, thereby considerably cutting down the cost of the computation. In this research study supersonic flow is simulated at Mach 4 and different angle of attacks to calculate aerodynamics characteristics. The results are compared with experimental as well as turbulence model (K-ω SST Model). The results achieved with DES simulation have very good resolution as well as have reasonable agreement with experimental and available data at low cost.
高速车辆周围流场非常复杂,难以模拟。激波层与体表之间的边界层受到挤压。流场高值的边界层、激波和湍流区域的分辨率难以捕捉。DNS和大涡模拟(LES)是非常好的CFD技术,但它们的计算成本很高。后者允许生成有用的瞬态流的解决方案,同时仍然保持计算上的现实问题。分离涡模拟(DES)是对RANS模型的一种改进,在该模型中,模型在足够精细的区域切换到亚网格尺度公式,以进行LES计算。在靠近实体边界和湍流长度尺度小于最大网格尺寸的区域,分配求解的RANS模式。当湍流长度尺度超过网格尺度时,使用LES模式对这些区域进行求解。因此,网格分辨率不像纯LES那样苛刻,从而大大降低了计算成本。在本研究中,模拟了在4马赫和不同攻角下的超声速流动,计算了空气动力学特性。结果与实验模型以及湍流模型(K-ω海表温度模型)进行了比较。用DES模拟得到的结果具有很好的分辨率,并且与实验和现有数据具有较好的一致性,且成本较低。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings of 2012 9th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences & Technology (IBCAST)
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