Biochimie最新文献_第4页

Novel chimeric peptides based on endomorphins and ghrelin receptor antagonist produced supraspinal antinociceptive effects with reduced acute tolerance in mice 基于内啡肽和胃泌素受体拮抗剂的新型嵌合肽可产生脊髓上部抗痛觉效应，并降低小鼠的急性耐受性。

IF 3.3 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Biochimie

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.08.010

Bing Wu , Songxia Cheng , Fuyan Liu , Jia Wei , Yongling Liu , Teng Qian , Jiali Ding , Biao Xu , Jie Wei

It is widely recognized that developing bi- or multifunctional opioid compounds could offer a valuable approach to pain management with fewer side effects compared to single-target compounds. In this study, we designed and characterized two novel chimeric peptides, EM-1-DLS and EM-2-DLS, incorporating endomorphins (EMs) and the ghrelin receptor antagonist [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 (DLS). Functional assays demonstrated that EM-1-DLS and EM-2-DLS acted as κ-opioid receptor (κ-OR)-preferring agonists, weak μ-opioid receptors (μ-OR) and ghrelin receptor (GHSR) agonists. Upon intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration in mice, both EM-1-DLS and EM-2-DLS exhibited dose- and time-dependent antinociceptive effects in the tail withdrawal test. EM-1-DLS demonstrated the highest antinociceptive potency among the peptides, with an ED₅₀ approximately 8-fold greater than EM-1, while EM-2-DLS showed comparable effects to EM-2. The antinociceptive actions of EM-1-DLS involved activation of GHS-R1α, μ-OR, and κ-OR, whereas EM-2-DLS acted via GHS-R1α, δ-OR, and κ-OR pathways. Additionally, acute antinociceptive tolerance was investigated, revealing that EM-1-DLS induced a tolerance ratio of 2.33-fold, significantly lower than the 5.19-fold ratio induced by EM-1. Cross-tolerance ratios between the chimeric peptides and EMs ranged from 0.92 to 1.76, indicating reduced tolerance compared to EMs alone. These findings highlight the potential of these chimeric peptides to mitigate pain with diminished tolerance development, suggesting a promising strategy for the development of new analgesic therapies with improved safety profiles.

人们普遍认为，与单靶点化合物相比，开发双靶点或多功能阿片类化合物可为疼痛治疗提供一种副作用较少的宝贵方法。在这项研究中，我们设计并鉴定了两种新型嵌合肽--EM-1-DLS 和 EM-2-DLS，它们结合了内啡肽（EMs）和胃泌素受体拮抗剂 [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 (DLS)。功能测试表明，EM-1-DLS 和 EM-2-DLS 可作为κ-阿片受体（κ-OR）优先激动剂、弱μ-阿片受体（μ-OR）和胃泌素受体（GHSR）激动剂。小鼠脑室内注射（i.c.v.）EM-1-DLS和EM-2-DLS后，在尾巴抽出试验中均表现出剂量和时间依赖性的抗痛觉作用。其中，EM-1-DLS的抗痛觉效力最高，ED50约为EM-1的8倍，而EM-2-DLS的抗痛觉效力与EM-2相当。EM-1-DLS的抗痛觉作用涉及激活GHS-R1α、μ-OR和κ-OR，而EM-2-DLS则通过GHS-R1α、δ-OR和κ-OR途径发挥作用。此外，还研究了急性抗痛觉耐受性，结果显示 EM-1-DLS 诱导的耐受性比率为 2.33 倍，明显低于 EM-1 诱导的 5.19 倍。嵌合肽与EMs之间的交叉耐受比介于0.92至1.76之间，表明耐受性低于单独的EMs。这些发现凸显了这些嵌合肽在减轻疼痛的同时降低耐受性的潜力，为开发安全性更高的新型镇痛疗法提供了一种前景广阔的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Orchestra of ligand-activated transcription factors in the molecular symphony of SERPINE 1 / PAI-1 gene regulation 配体激活的转录因子在 SERPINE 1 / PAI-1 基因调控的分子交响乐中的乐队。

IF 3.3 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Biochimie

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.09.010

Aneta Vrzalova, Radim Vrzal

Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is a crucial serine protease inhibitor that prevents plasminogen activation by inhibiting tissue- and urokinase-type plasminogen activators (tPA, uPA). PAI-1 is well-known for its role in modulating hemocoagulation or extracellular matrix formation by inhibiting plasmin or matrix metalloproteinases, respectively. PAI-1 is induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines across various tissues, yet its regulation by ligand-activated transcription factors is partly disregarded. Therefore, we have attempted to summarize the current knowledge on the transcriptional regulation of PAI-1 expression by the most relevant xenobiotic and endocrine receptors implicated in modulating PAI-1 levels. This review aims to contribute to the understanding of the specific, often tissue-dependent regulation of PAI-1 and provide insights into the modulation of PAI-1 levels beyond its direct inhibition.

纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 1（PAI-1）是一种重要的丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂，可通过抑制组织和尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物（tPA、uPA）来防止纤溶酶原激活。PAI-1 因其分别通过抑制纤溶酶原或基质金属蛋白酶来调节血凝或细胞外基质的形成而闻名。PAI-1 由各种组织中的促炎细胞因子诱导，但配体激活转录因子对其的调控作用却部分被忽视。因此，我们试图总结目前关于与调节 PAI-1 水平有关的最相关的异生物和内分泌受体对 PAI-1 表达的转录调控的知识。这篇综述旨在帮助人们了解 PAI-1 的特异性调控，这种调控往往是组织依赖性的，并提供有关 PAI-1 水平调控的见解，而不仅仅是其直接抑制作用。

引用次数: 0

Macromolecules from mushrooms, venoms, microorganisms, and plants for diabetes treatment - Progress or setback? 从蘑菇、毒液、微生物和植物中提取用于治疗糖尿病的大分子--进步还是倒退？

IF 3.3 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Biochimie

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.07.004

Asmaa Chbel , Ayoub Lafnoune , Imane Nait Irahal , Noureddine Bourhim

Diabetes is a substantial public health issue, while its prevalence continues to rise worldwide, affecting millions of persons between the ages of 20 and 80, the development of new therapeutic classes improving glycemic control and consequently micro and macrovascular complications are needed. Today, diabetes treatment is daily for life, and should not be interrupted. However, insulin secretagogues medications, and exogenous self-administration of insulin provide efficient antidiabetic effects, but their misuse leads to hypoglycemic complications besides other risks, hence the need to look for other natural products not to use solely but in concert with others types of medications. In this review, we will highlight briefly the pathophysiology of diabetes and its complications, then we will report the main bioactive macromolecules derived from various sources of natural products providing anti-diabetic properties. However, further researches need to be carried out to face the limitations hampering the development of effective natural drugs for diabetes treatment.

糖尿病是一个重大的公共卫生问题，其发病率在全球范围内持续上升，影响着数百万 20 岁至 80 岁的人群，因此需要开发新的治疗手段来改善血糖控制，进而改善微血管和大血管并发症。如今，糖尿病治疗是终身性的，不应中断。然而，胰岛素促泌剂药物和外源性自给胰岛素具有高效的抗糖尿病作用，但滥用会导致低血糖并发症以及其他风险，因此需要寻找其他天然产品，而不是单独使用，而是与其他类型的药物协同使用。在这篇综述中，我们将简要介绍糖尿病及其并发症的病理生理学，然后报告从各种来源的天然产品中提取的具有抗糖尿病特性的主要生物活性大分子。然而，面对阻碍开发有效治疗糖尿病的天然药物的局限性，我们还需要开展进一步的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Inhibitors and activators for myotoxic phospholipase A2-like toxins from snake venoms – A structural overview 蛇毒中肌毒性磷脂酶 A2 类毒素的抑制剂和激活剂--结构概述。

IF 3.3 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Biochimie

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.07.016

Guilherme H.M. Salvador , Fábio F. Cardoso , Bruno Lomonte , Marcos R.M. Fontes

Snakebite envenomations result in acute and chronic physical and psychological health effects on their victims, leading to a substantial socio-economic burden in tropical and subtropical countries. Local necrosis is one of the serious effects caused by envenomation, primarily induced by snake venoms from the Viperidae family through the direct action of components collectively denominated as myotoxins, including the phopholipase A₂-like (PLA₂-like) toxins. Considering the limitations of antivenoms in preventing the rapid development of local tissue damage caused by envenomation, the use of small molecule therapeutics has been suggested as potential first-aid treatments or as adjuvants to antivenom therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the structural interactions of molecules exhibiting inhibitory activity toward PLA₂-like toxins. Additionally, we discuss the implications for the myotoxic mechanism of PLA₂-like toxins and the molecules involved in their activation, highlighting key differences between activators and inhibitors. Finally, we integrate all these results to propose a classification of inhibitors into three different classes and five sub-classes. Taking into account the structural and affinity information, we compare the different inhibitors/ligands to gain a deeper understanding of the structural basis for the effective inhibition of PLA₂-like toxins. By offering these insights, we aim to contribute to the search for new and efficient inhibitor molecules to complement and improve current therapy by conventional antivenoms.

毒蛇咬伤会对受害者的身心健康造成急性和慢性影响，给热带和亚热带国家造成巨大的社会经济负担。局部坏死是蛇毒液造成的严重后果之一，主要是由蝰科蛇毒通过统称为肌毒素的成分（包括噬脂酶 A2 样（PLA2-like）毒素）的直接作用诱发的。考虑到抗蛇毒血清在防止蛇毒引起的局部组织损伤快速发展方面的局限性，有人建议使用小分子疗法作为潜在的急救治疗或抗蛇毒血清疗法的辅助剂。在本综述中，我们概述了对 PLA2 类毒素具有抑制活性的分子的结构相互作用。此外，我们还讨论了 PLA2 类毒素的肌毒性机制和参与其激活的分子的影响，并强调了激活剂和抑制剂之间的关键差异。最后，我们综合所有这些结果，提出了将抑制剂分为三个不同类别和五个亚类的建议。考虑到结构和亲和力信息，我们对不同的抑制剂/配体进行了比较，以更深入地了解有效抑制 PLA2 类毒素的结构基础。通过提供这些见解，我们希望为寻找新型高效抑制剂分子做出贡献，以补充和改善目前传统抗蛇毒血清的疗法。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of membrane labelling mechanisms with exogenous fatty acids and detergents in bacteria 用外源脂肪酸和洗涤剂评估细菌的膜标记机制。

IF 3.3 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Biochimie

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.05.024

Laila Zaatouf , Kiran Kumar , Isabelle Marcotte , Dror E. Warschawski

Labelling of bacterial membranes using exogenous fatty acids has proven to be a valuable tool to investigate molecular interactions by in-cell solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy, notably with antimicrobial peptides. However, the mechanism by which this labelling takes place in non-mutated bacteria has not yet been investigated. In this work, we propose a rapid method to assess the fate of the fatty acids during the labelling of bacteria, involving two different methylation schemes and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. We applied this approach to Gram(+) and Gram(−) bacteria grown with deuterated palmitic acid under different conditions. We assessed the extent of labelling, then the resulting membrane rigidity by ²H ssNMR. Our results reveal that the labelling mechanism depends on the detergent used to micellize the fatty acids. This labelling can be either active or passive, whether the fatty acids are metabolized and used in the phospholipids biosynthesis, or remain unmodified in the membrane. We discuss the best labelling protocol for studying peptide-membrane interactions.

使用外源脂肪酸对细菌膜进行标记已被证明是通过细胞内固态核磁共振（ssNMR）光谱研究分子相互作用的重要工具，特别是与抗菌肽的相互作用。然而，这种标记在非变异细菌中发生的机制尚未得到研究。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种快速评估细菌标记过程中脂肪酸去向的方法，涉及两种不同的甲基化方案和气相色谱-质谱联用技术。我们将这种方法应用于在不同条件下用氚化棕榈酸培养的革兰氏（+）和革兰氏（-）细菌。我们通过 2H ssNMR 评估了标记的程度以及由此产生的膜刚性。我们的结果表明，标记机制取决于使脂肪酸胶束化的洗涤剂。这种标记既可以是主动的，也可以是被动的，不管脂肪酸是被代谢并用于磷脂的生物合成，还是未被修饰地留在膜中。我们将讨论研究多肽与膜相互作用的最佳标记方案。

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引用次数: 0

Tailor-made vincristine-liposomes for tumor targeting "用于肿瘤靶向的定制长春新碱脂质体"。

IF 3.3 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Biochimie

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.07.017

Ariana Abawi , Ana-Maria Trunfio-Sfarghiu , Céline Thomann , Emma Petiot , Giovanna Lollo , Thierry Granjon , Agnès Girard-Egrot , Ofelia Maniti

To ensure selective targeting based on membrane fluidity and physico-chemical compatibility between the biological membrane of the target cell and the lipid membrane of the liposomes carriers. Lipid-based carriers as liposomes with varying membrane fluidities were designed for delivering vincristine, an anti-tumor compound derived from Madagascar's periwinkle. Liposomes, loaded with vincristine, were tested on prostate, colon, and breast cancer cell lines alongside non-tumor controls. Results showed that vincristine-loaded liposomes with fluid membranes significantly decreased the viability of cancer cell lines compared to controls. Confocal microscopy revealed the intracellular release of vincristine, evidenced by disrupted mitosis-specific labeling of actin filaments in metastatic prostate cell lines. This highlights the crucial role of membrane fluidity in the development of lipid-based drug carriers, offering a promising and cost-effective option for targeting cancer cells as an alternative to conventional strategies.

根据膜流动性以及靶细胞生物膜与脂质体载体脂膜之间的物理化学相容性，确保选择性靶向。我们设计了具有不同膜流动性的脂质体载体，用于输送长春新碱（一种从马达加斯加长春花中提取的抗肿瘤化合物）。负载长春新碱的脂质体在前列腺癌、结肠癌和乳腺癌细胞系以及非肿瘤对照组中进行了测试。结果表明，与对照组相比，负载长春新碱的液膜脂质体能显著降低癌细胞株的存活率。共聚焦显微镜显示了长春新碱在细胞内的释放，转移性前列腺癌细胞系中肌动蛋白丝的有丝分裂特异性标记被破坏就是证明。这凸显了膜流动性在开发脂质药物载体中的关键作用，为靶向癌细胞提供了一种替代传统策略的前景广阔、成本效益高的选择。

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引用次数: 0

Systemic and joint adipose tissue lipids and their role in osteoarthritis 全身和关节脂肪组织脂质及其在骨关节炎中的作用。

IF 3.3 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Biochimie

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.09.015

Natalia Zapata-Linares , Léa Loisay , Diego de Haro , Francis Berenbaum , Thomas Hügle , Jeroen Geurts , Xavier Houard

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major disease whose prevalence increases with aging, sedentary lifestyles, and obesity. The association between obesity and OA has been well documented, but the precise mechanisms underlying this heightened risk remain unclear. While obesity imposes greater forces on joints, systemic fat-derived factors such as lipids or adipokine may potentially act on the pathophysiology of OA, but the exact role of these factors in weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing joints remains elusive. Intra-articular adipose tissues (IAAT) have gained significant attention for actively participating in OA pathogenesis by interacting with various joint tissues. Lipid content has been proposed as a diagnostic target for early OA detection and a potential source of biomarkers. Moreover, targeting a specific IAAT called infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) and its lipids hold promise for attenuating OA-associated inflammation. Conversely, bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), which was long thought to be an inert filling tissue, is now increasingly considered a dynamic tissue whose volume and lipid content regulate bone remodeling in pathological conditions. Given OA's ability to alter adipose tissues, particularly those within the joint (IFP and BMAT), and the influence of adipose tissues on OA pathogenesis, this review examines the lipids produced by OA-associated adipose tissues, shedding light on their potential role in OA pathophysiology and highlighting them as potential therapeutic targets.

骨关节炎（OA）是一种主要疾病，其发病率随着年龄增长、久坐不动的生活方式和肥胖而增加。肥胖与骨关节炎之间的关系已有大量文献记载，但这种风险增加的确切机制仍不清楚。肥胖会对关节造成更大的压力，而脂质或脂肪因子等全身性脂肪衍生因素可能会对 OA 的病理生理学产生潜在影响，但这些因素在负重和非负重关节中的确切作用仍不明确。关节内脂肪组织（IAAT）通过与各种关节组织相互作用，积极参与了 OA 的发病机制，因而备受关注。脂质含量被认为是早期检测 OA 的诊断目标和生物标记物的潜在来源。此外，针对特定的髌下脂肪垫（IFP）及其脂质有望减轻与 OA 相关的炎症。相反，骨髓脂肪组织（BMAT）长期以来被认为是一种惰性填充组织，但现在越来越多的人认为它是一种动态组织，其体积和脂质含量可在病理情况下调节骨重塑。鉴于 OA 能够改变脂肪组织，尤其是关节内的脂肪组织（IFP 和 BMAT），以及脂肪组织对 OA 发病机制的影响，本综述将研究 OA 相关脂肪组织产生的脂质，揭示它们在 OA 病理生理学中的潜在作用，并强调它们是潜在的治疗靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Unlocking the potential of histone modification in regulating bone metabolism 挖掘组蛋白修饰在调节骨代谢中的潜力。

IF 3.3 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Biochimie

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.08.004

Jiayuan Zhang, Hanghang Liu, Yao Liu, En Luo, Shibo Liu

Bone metabolism plays a crucial role in maintaining normal bone tissue homeostasis and function. Imbalances between bone formation and resorption can lead to osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and other bone diseases. The dynamic and complex process of bone remodeling is driven by various factors, including epigenetics. Histone modification, one of the most important and well-studied components of epigenetic regulation, has emerged as a promising area of research in bone metabolism. Different histone proteins and modification sites exert diverse effects on osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. In this review, we summarize recent progress in understanding histone modifications in bone metabolism, including specific modification sites and potential regulatory enzymes. Comprehensive knowledge of histone modifications in bone metabolism could reveal new therapeutic targets and treatment strategies for bone diseases.

骨代谢在维持正常的骨组织平衡和功能方面起着至关重要的作用。骨形成和骨吸收之间的失衡会导致骨质疏松症、骨关节炎和其他骨病。骨重塑这一动态而复杂的过程由包括表观遗传学在内的各种因素驱动。组蛋白修饰是表观遗传学调控中最重要、研究最深入的组成部分之一，已成为骨代谢领域一个前景广阔的研究领域。不同的组蛋白和修饰位点对骨生成和破骨细胞生成产生不同的影响。在这篇综述中，我们总结了了解骨代谢中组蛋白修饰的最新进展，包括特定的修饰位点和潜在的调控酶。全面了解骨代谢中的组蛋白修饰可为骨病揭示新的治疗靶点和治疗策略。

引用次数: 0

Alpha hemolysin of Escherichia coli induces a necrotic-like procoagulant state in platelets 大肠杆菌的α溶血素诱导血小板出现类似坏死的促凝血状态。

IF 3.3 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Biochimie

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.06.001

Kenia Pérez Vázquez , Julia Tau , M. Florencia Leal Denis , Claudio M. Fader , Mariano A. Ostuni , Pablo J. Schwarzbaum , Vanesa Herlax

Uropathogenic strains of E. coli (UPEC) is a leading cause of sepsis, deploying multiple virulence factors to evade host immune responses. Notably, alpha-hemolysin (HlyA) produced by UPEC is implicated in septic symptoms associated with bacteremia, correlating with thrombocytopenia, a critical indicator of organ dysfunction and a predictor of poorer patient prognosis.

This study meticulously explores the impact of sublytic concentrations of HlyA on platelets. Findings reveal that HlyA triggers an increase in intracellular calcium, activating calpain and exposing phosphatidylserine to the cell surface, as validated by flow cytometric experiments. Electron microscopy reveals a distinctive balloon-like shape in HlyA-treated platelets, indicative of a procoagulant state. The toxin induces the release of procoagulant extracellular vesicles and the secretion of alpha and dense granules. Overall, the results point to HlyA inducing a necrotic-like procoagulant state in platelets.

The effects of sublytic concentrations of HlyA on both erythrocytes and platelets could have a potential impact on capillary microcirculation. Targeting HlyA emerges as a viable therapeutic strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of UPEC infections, especially in South American countries where these infections are endemic, underscoring its significance as a potential therapeutic target.

尿路致病性大肠杆菌（UPEC）是败血症的主要病因，它利用多种毒力因子逃避宿主的免疫反应。值得注意的是，UPEC 产生的α-溶血素（HlyA）与菌血症相关的败血症症状有关，与血小板减少症相关，而血小板减少症是器官功能障碍的关键指标，也是患者预后较差的预测因子。这项研究细致地探讨了亚解质浓度的 HlyA 对血小板的影响。研究结果表明，HlyA 会引发细胞内钙的增加，激活钙蛋白酶并使磷脂酰丝氨酸暴露于细胞表面，流式细胞仪实验也验证了这一点。电子显微镜显示，经 HlyA 处理的血小板呈独特的气球状，表明其处于促凝状态。毒素会诱导细胞外促凝囊泡的释放以及α颗粒和致密颗粒的分泌。总之，研究结果表明 HlyA 会诱导血小板出现类似坏死的促凝状态。亚溶解浓度的 HlyA 对红细胞和血小板的影响可能会对毛细血管微循环产生潜在影响。以 HlyA 为靶点是一种可行的治疗策略，可减轻 UPEC 感染的不良影响，尤其是在这些感染流行的南美国家，这突出了其作为潜在治疗靶点的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Stealing survival: Iron acquisition strategies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 偷窃生存：结核分枝杆菌的铁获取策略。

IF 3.3 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Biochimie

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.06.006

Gauri Shankar, Yusuf Akhter

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), faces iron scarcity within the host due to immune defenses. This review explores the importance of iron for Mtb and its strategies to overcome iron restriction. We discuss how the host limits iron as an innate immune response and how Mtb utilizes various iron acquisition systems, particularly the siderophore-mediated pathway. The review illustrates the structure and biosynthesis of mycobactin, a key siderophore in Mtb, and the regulation of its production. We explore the potential of targeting siderophore biosynthesis and uptake as a novel therapeutic approach for TB. Finally, we summarize current knowledge on Mtb's iron acquisition and highlight promising directions for future research to exploit this pathway for developing new TB interventions.

结核分枝杆菌（Mtb）是结核病（TB）的致病菌，由于免疫防御作用，它在宿主体内面临缺铁的问题。本综述探讨了铁对结核分枝杆菌的重要性及其克服铁限制的策略。我们讨论了宿主如何将限制铁作为一种先天性免疫反应，以及 Mtb 如何利用各种铁获取系统，尤其是嗜苷酸介导的途径。本综述深入探讨了霉形体素的结构和生物合成（霉形体素是 Mtb 的一种关键嗜铁物质）及其生产调控。我们探讨了以嗜苷酸生物合成和吸收为靶点作为结核病新型治疗方法的潜力。最后，我们总结了目前关于Mtb铁获取的知识，并强调了未来利用这一途径开发新的结核病干预措施的研究方向。

引用次数: 0