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A review on nephrotic syndrome with their causes, complications and epidemiology 肾病综合征的病因、并发症及流行病学研究进展
Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.46811/apjnh/3.1.2
Monika Semwal
Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of symptoms due to kidney damage. This includes protein in the urine, low blood albumin levels, high blood lipids, and significant swelling. Other symptoms may include weight gain, feeling tired, and foamy urine. Complications may include blood clots, infections, and high blood pressure. Causes include a number of kidney diseases such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, and minimal change disease. It may also occur as a complication of diabetes or lupus. The underlying mechanism typically involves damage to the glomeruli of the kidney. Diagnosis is typically based on urine testing and sometimes a kidney biopsy. It differs from nephritic syndrome in that there are no red blood cells in the urine. Treatment is directed at the underlying cause. Other efforts include managing high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and infection risk. A low salt diet and limiting fluids is often recommended. About 5 per 100,000 people are affected per year. The usual underlying cause varies between children and adults.
肾病综合征是由肾脏损害引起的一系列症状。这包括尿中的蛋白质,低血白蛋白水平,高血脂和明显的肿胀。其他症状可能包括体重增加、感觉疲劳和尿泡沫。并发症可能包括血栓、感染和高血压。病因包括一些肾脏疾病,如局灶节段性肾小球硬化、膜性肾病和微小病变。它也可能是糖尿病或狼疮的并发症。其潜在机制通常涉及肾小球的损害。诊断通常是基于尿液检查,有时是肾脏活检。它与肾病综合征的不同之处在于尿中没有红细胞。治疗是针对根本原因的。其他措施包括控制高血压、高胆固醇和感染风险。通常建议低盐饮食和限制流质。每年每10万人中约有5人受到影响。通常的潜在病因在儿童和成人之间有所不同。
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引用次数: 5
What is the optimal opioid analgesic in the management of sickle cell pain crisis? 在镰状细胞疼痛危象的治疗中,最佳的阿片类镇痛药是什么?
Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.46811/apjnh/1.1.4
E. O. Okubuiro, C. Nnaji, C. Okoli
Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive disorder that is common in people of African, Middle-Eastern andMediterranean ancestry and its incidence varies from 10 to 40% of the population across equatorial Africa. Thehomozygous sickle cell disease affects about 2% of neonates in Nigeria and accounts for 25% of deaths in childrenunder 5 years in Africa annually. The most common clinical manifestations are pain and anaemia. Pain associatedwith sickle cell pain crisis is usually severe, requiring treatment with strong opioids in addition to other interventionssuch as oxygen therapy and hydration with isotonic solutions. In order to accommodate the complex biopsychosocial components of this condition, pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, functional restoration and other nonopioid pharmacotherapies need to be integrated in a multidisciplinary protocol for optimal outcome. There is adearth of studies on the ideal analgesic regimen in the management of sickle cell crisis. Adoption of morphine PCAas the Gold standard in this condition is derived from studies on acute pain management protocols that are nonspecific for sickle cell pain crisis. More research is needed to identify the most appropriate opioid analgesic protocolin the management of sickle cell pain crisis. Such study requires exploration of alternative methods of opioidadministration as PCA equipment may not be universally accessible in places (especially, resource-limited settings)where sickle cell disease is most endemic.
镰状细胞病是一种常染色体隐性遗传病,常见于非洲、中东和地中海血统的人群,其发病率在赤道非洲的人口中占10%至40%不等。纯合子镰状细胞病影响尼日利亚约2%的新生儿,占非洲每年5岁以下儿童死亡人数的25%。最常见的临床表现是疼痛和贫血。镰状细胞痛危象相关的疼痛通常是严重的,需要强效阿片类药物治疗,以及其他干预措施,如氧疗和等渗溶液水合。为了适应这种情况的复杂生物心理社会成分,药物治疗、心理治疗、功能恢复和其他非阿片类药物治疗需要整合到一个多学科方案中,以获得最佳结果。关于镰状细胞危象的理想镇痛方案的研究还很缺乏。在这种情况下,采用吗啡PCAas作为金标准是源于对急性疼痛管理方案的研究,该方案对镰状细胞疼痛危象是非特异性的。需要更多的研究来确定最合适的阿片类镇痛方案在镰状细胞疼痛危机的管理。这种研究需要探索阿片类药物给药的替代方法,因为在镰状细胞病最流行的地方(特别是资源有限的地方),PCA设备可能无法普遍获得。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis of CNPs from beetroots and carrot Pomaces and Application in reduction of Color from waste water 甜菜根和胡萝卜渣合成CNPs及其在废水还原中的应用
Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.46811/apjnh/3.1.4
A. Singh, H. Kaur, N. Joshi, W. Ahmad
Food sector produces million tons of waste. Out of which some is discarded as animal feed, as fertilizer or mostly treated as waste which further creates environmental hazards. The present study was done to utilize the waste pomace from vegetables – carrot and beetroot after juice extraction in the formation of Cellulose Nano Particles (CNPs). Pomaces of carrot and beetroot were treated with alkali treatment and bleaching treatment separately.So formed CNPs have shown good adsorption behavior and have shown good reduction in polluting parameters , specially colour was reduced upto 80 % in waste water.
粮食部门产生数百万吨废物。其中一些被丢弃作为动物饲料,作为肥料或大部分作为废物处理,进一步造成环境危害。本研究利用蔬菜——胡萝卜和甜菜根榨汁后的废渣制备纤维素纳米颗粒(CNPs)。对胡萝卜渣和甜菜根渣分别进行碱处理和漂白处理。形成的CNPs具有良好的吸附性能,对污染参数有较好的降低效果,特别是对废水的色度降低达80%。
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引用次数: 1
Effectiveness of information booklet on the knowledge of psychiatric nurses regarding legal responsibilities about patient care at selected mental hospital 关于精神科护士在选定精神病院对病人护理的法律责任的知识的资料小册子的有效性
Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.46811/apjnh/3.1.6
Binu Joe, A. Joykutty
Nursing is an integral part of the health care system and Nurse’s direct their energies towards the promotion, maintenance and restoration of health. A quasi experimental, with single group pretest post test design was used to assess the existing knowledge and improvement after providing information booklet was carried out among 60 staff Nurse’s. The total mean score was 19.28. this shows that the knowledge deficit is around 50%.
护理是医疗保健系统的一个组成部分,护士将他们的精力用于促进、维护和恢复健康。采用准实验方法,采用单组前测后测设计,对60名护士长进行发放信息手册后的现有知识和改进情况进行评估。总平均得分为19.28分。这表明知识缺口在50%左右。
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引用次数: 1
A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding care of low birth weight babies among mothers in selected rural areas of Rajkot, Gujarat 一项评估在古吉拉特邦拉杰科特选定农村地区母亲中关于低出生体重婴儿护理知识的结构化教学方案有效性的研究
Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.46811/apjnh/3.1.3
Binu Joe, A. Joykutty
A quasi experimental study with pre test, post test without control group design was undertaken on 60 mothers selected by purposive sampling technique to assess the effectiveness of teaching programme on home management of low birth weight baby among mothers using closed ended questionnaire. Result reveals that more or less similar percentage 47% was in the age group of 21-25 and 46% in the age group of 26-30 years. The overall mean knowledge on practice score in pre test was 13.34±3.25 whereas it was 24.18±3.09 in post test revealing 31.89% enhancement of knowledge scores.
采用目的抽样法对60名母亲进行前测、后测,不设对照组设计的准实验研究,采用封闭式问卷法对低出生体重儿家庭管理教学方案进行评估。结果显示,21-25岁年龄组和26-30岁年龄组的比例大致相似,分别为47%和46%。前测学生实践知识总分平均为13.34±3.25分,后测学生实践知识总分平均为24.18±3.09分,提高了31.89%。
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引用次数: 1
Effectiveness of Competency Training Program on Modified Early Warning System(MEWS) upon the Knowledge of Nurses in Selected Hospitals, Chennai 改进预警系统(MEWS)胜任力培训计划对钦奈选定医院护士知识的影响
Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.46811/apjnh/1.1.5
Anju Chandran, J. Gnanarani, L. Venkatesan.
Background: Adverse events results in unintended harm to the patients including permanent disability and death.MEWS was introduced to identify and document the deteriorating patients in hospital settings. Adequate trainingand education of nurses will enhance early recognition and response in preventing adverse events. Objective: Theobjective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of competency training program on MEWS among nurses.Methodology: A Quasi experimental study was conducted among nurses who were working in inpatient units ofselected hospitals, Chennai. 140 nurses were selected as participants out of which (n=70) is constituted toexperimental group and (n=70) was constituted to control group. Pre-test knowledge was assessed in both groups.Competency training program on MEWS was given to experimental group of nurses and post test was assessed afterone month. Results: The mean post-test knowledge scores was significantly higher in experimental group (M=18.2)to that of control group (M=10.6) which shows the effectiveness of competency training program on MEWS with(t=22.29, p less than 0.001). Conclusion: The present study reveals that Competency training program on MEWS had asignificant increase in the knowledge of nurses in the experimental group.
背景:不良事件会导致患者的意外伤害,包括永久性残疾和死亡。引入了MEWS,以确定和记录医院环境中病情恶化的患者。对护士进行充分的培训和教育将提高对不良事件的早期识别和反应。目的:本研究的目的是评估护士新医疗服务能力培训计划的有效性。方法:采用准实验研究方法,选取金奈某医院住院部护士140人作为研究对象,其中实验组70人,对照组70人。对两组的测试前知识进行评估。实验组护士进行MEWS胜任力培训,1个月后进行后测。结果:实验组(M=18.2)的平均后测知识得分显著高于对照组(M=10.6),表明胜任力培训项目对MEWS的效果显著(t=22.29, p < 0.001)。结论:本研究表明,实验组护士的MEWS胜任力培训项目显著提高了护士的知识水平。
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge About The Mental Health and Mental Illness Among Adolescents 青少年心理健康与心理疾病知识
Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.46811/apjnh/3.1.5
Manjubala Dash, S. Gayathri, Baby Rathinasabapathy, A. Felicia, S. Jayanthi
Background: People who fail to fulfill their roles and carryout responsibilities or whose behavior is inappropriate to the situation are viewed as Mental Illnesses.About 450 million people suffer from mental of behavioural disorders worldwide today, it was said that mental health problems are more common in developed world than developing world. Aim:This study was aimed to assess the knowledge about mental health and mental illness among Adolescents population. Methodology:A Quantitative Descriptive research design was used. 30 Adolescents were selected by using Purposive sampling technique who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and who were available during the period of data collection at selected Lawspetarea , Puducherry. Data was collected by using Self Structured Questionnaire. Results:It represents the Level of Knowledge among 14(46.7%) of them comes under Moderate Knowledge, 10 (33.3%) of them comes under Adequate Knowledge and 6(20%) of them comes under Inadequate Knowledge. Conclusion: The study conducted among 30 Adolescents. It reveals the significant with demographic variables such as staying in status at the level of knowledge. Majority of Adolescents have moderate knowledge. We provide opportunities for adolescents to gain knowledge regarding mental health and mental illness.
背景:那些不能履行自己的角色和责任的人,或者他们的行为与情况不相称的人被视为精神疾病。今天全世界约有4.5亿人患有精神或行为障碍,据说精神健康问题在发达国家比在发展中国家更为普遍。目的:了解青少年心理健康及心理疾病的相关知识。方法:采用定量描述性研究设计。采用有目的抽样技术选取符合纳入标准的30名青少年,这些青少年在数据收集期间在选定的Puducherry Lawspetarea可用。采用自构式问卷收集数据。结果:知识水平为中等(46.7%)的有14人,知识水平为充分(33.3%)的有10人,知识水平为不足(20%)的有6人。结论:本研究对象为30名青少年。它揭示了与人口统计学变量的显著性,如停留在知识水平上的地位。大多数青少年有中等程度的知识。我们为青少年提供获得有关心理健康和精神疾病知识的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Hydrogel: Preparation, Characterization and Applications 水凝胶:制备、表征及应用
Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.46811/apjnh/3.1.1
Ujjwal Nautiyal, N. Sahu, Diksha Gupta
This review article is intended to provide an overview of hydrogel as novel vesicular drug delivery system.For the treatment of many diseases large molecular weight proteins are required. These can be available with the availability of Hydrogels. Hydrogels are hydrophilic, three-dimensional networks, which are able to imbibe large amounts of water or biological fluids, and thus resemble, to a large extent, a biological tissue. They are insoluble due to the presence of chemical (tie-points, junctions) and/or physical crosslinks such as entanglements and crystallites. It has focused on to present a concise review on the applications of hydrogels in the pharmaceutical field, hydrogel properties, method of preparation of hydrogel, advantages and disadvantages of hydrogel, characterization of hydrogel.
本文综述了水凝胶作为一种新型囊状给药系统的研究进展。许多疾病的治疗都需要大分子量的蛋白质。这些都可以通过水凝胶来实现。水凝胶是一种亲水的三维网络,能够吸收大量的水或生物流体,因此在很大程度上类似于生物组织。由于存在化学(连接点、结)和/或物理交联(如缠结和晶体),它们是不溶的。重点介绍了水凝胶在医药领域的应用、水凝胶的性质、水凝胶的制备方法、水凝胶的优缺点、水凝胶的表征。
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引用次数: 3
Mother as first line of defense against intestinal disorders among babies of tropical countries 母亲是热带国家婴儿肠道疾病的第一道防线
Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.46811/apjnh/1.1.1
M. Hamad
Mother is the gift of god , it bears a lot of works andperform many duties mainly in rural and non civilizedareas in comparison to urban areas where life is verycomplicated , has a rapid rhythm and most of mothersspent their day time in work place whether its company, factory or even school , they let their young babies inless comfortable and poor hygiene nurseries or in theirrelatives house whether the grandfather or grandmotherof the baby is very busy with cooking, washing ofclothes and cleaning ,then they allow to the baby toplay on ground and contaminate him/herself with wastepresent on the ground , sucking their fingers , dirty andlong nails also contact with domestic animals ,cats,dogs , goats and other animals , which is usually stayfree in the yard
母亲是上帝的礼物,它有很多作品andperform许多职责主要分布在农村和城市地区相比,非civilizedareas生活是verycomplicated,快速的节奏,mothersspent他们一天的大多数时间都是在工作的地方是否公司,工厂,甚至学校,他们让婴儿inless舒适和卫生托儿所或theirrelatives房子祖父还是grandmotherof宝宝很忙着做饭,洗衣服和清洁,然后他们让婴儿在地上玩耍,污染他/她自己与地面上存在的废物,吮吸他们的手指,脏和长指甲也接触家畜,猫,狗,山羊和其他动物,这通常是留在院子里自由
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引用次数: 0
Anticancer Medication:A Review 抗癌药物:综述
Pub Date : 2019-12-30 DOI: 10.46811/apjnh/2.2.5
Anmol Sharma, Ramandeep Singh
Cancer is one of the most life threatening disease that is associated with the uncontrolled growth of the cell. Theseuncontrolled growth of cells can take place anywhere in the body. The patients with cancer has to face a lot ofproblems during the progression of the cancer and has been found to kill the patients if left untreated. However,many medications are used to treat the medicines but due to there higher toxicities they produce, is also a greatmatter of concern for cancer treatment. So it is one of the most essential matter to produce drugs either syntheticallyor from the plant source that may produce less toxicities and treat the people with cancer most effectively andefficiently. In this review we are going to discuss about the some medicinal plants that are found useful in cancertreatment. Also we are going to discuss about some allopathic medication that are used till now in cancer treatment.
癌症是最威胁生命的疾病之一,它与细胞不受控制的生长有关。这种受控制的细胞生长可以发生在身体的任何地方。在癌症的发展过程中,癌症患者必须面对许多问题,如果不及时治疗,癌症患者将会死亡。然而,许多药物被用来治疗这些药物,但由于它们产生更高的毒性,这也是癌症治疗的一个重要问题。因此,合成药物或从植物中提取药物,使其产生的毒性更小,更有效地治疗癌症是最重要的问题之一。在本文中,我们将讨论一些在癌症治疗中发现的有用的药用植物。我们还将讨论一些迄今为止用于癌症治疗的对抗疗法药物。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Asian Pacific Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences
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