Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-24
Baliuk S. A., Lisovyi M. V., Borodin A. L.
Purpose. Analyzation the changes taking place in the soils and to formation of proposition for possible adjustments in the technologies of soil cultivation for the maximum compensation of negative consequences for its’ fertility and health based on the generalization of information about the current changes in climatic conditions in the world as a whole and on the territory of Ukraine in particular. Methods. Universal general scientific methods, methods of theoretical analysis, system method, expert evaluation of published information, covering the generalization of regulatory and methodological documents. Results. The impact of climate warming on soil processes is comprehensively considered. It has been determined that climate changes occurring in Ukraine are associated with a significant increase in the development of a number of degradation processes: physical degradation (overcompaction, deterioration of the structure, etc.), accelerated development of erosion processes. The prospects for the application of various soil protection and soil conservation technologies are analyzed in detail, depending on the characteristics of soils, taking into account their vulnerability to various types of degradation. The need for widespread introduction of the latest soil cultivation technologies is substantiated (taking into account the exceptions in which the application of such technologies is impossible due to existing negative properties for agriculture or serious manifestations of degradation processes). This is primarily a reduction in the number of passes through the fields of energy-rich machine-tractor units, especially in the spring and autumn periods, when structural particles due to unfavorable soil moisture conditions are the most vulnerable and can undergo irreversible destruction. The introduction of no-till technology and mulching of the soil surface is very promising from the point of view of compensation of negative consequences for soils. For saline soils, it is suggested to use deep plowing – the method of “self-improvement”. A well-grounded and developed technology of local land amelioration is promising for acidic soils, for the practical implementation of which it is necessary to design a working body that would be able to create microzones comfortable for the growth and development of agricultural crops in the arable layer of acidic soils with minimal mechanical damage to the surface layer of the soil. The question of the perspective of creating optimal physical parameters of the sowing (or arable) layer of the soil as a very underestimated reserve for increasing the yield of agricultural crops and adapting agriculture to climate change is considered separately. Current directions of scientific research aimed at adapting soil cultivation to new climatic conditions have been formulated. Conclusions. The perspective of adapting the agriculture of Ukraine to the climate changes that are currently taking place has been established, due
{"title":"Foundation of the direction of soil cultivation in the conditions of climate change","authors":"Baliuk S. A., Lisovyi M. V., Borodin A. L.","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-24","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Analyzation the changes taking place in the soils and to formation of proposition for possible adjustments in the technologies of soil cultivation for the maximum compensation of negative consequences for its’ fertility and health based on the generalization of information about the current changes in climatic conditions in the world as a whole and on the territory of Ukraine in particular.\u0000Methods. Universal general scientific methods, methods of theoretical analysis, system method, expert evaluation of published information, covering the generalization of regulatory and methodological documents.\u0000Results. The impact of climate warming on soil processes is comprehensively considered. It has been determined that climate changes occurring in Ukraine are associated with a significant increase in the development of a number of degradation processes: physical degradation (overcompaction, deterioration of the structure, etc.), accelerated development of erosion processes. The prospects for the application of various soil protection and soil conservation technologies are analyzed in detail, depending on the characteristics of soils, taking into account their vulnerability to various types of degradation.\u0000The need for widespread introduction of the latest soil cultivation technologies is substantiated (taking into account the exceptions in which the application of such technologies is impossible due to existing negative properties for agriculture or serious manifestations of degradation processes). This is primarily a reduction in the number of passes through the fields of energy-rich machine-tractor units, especially in the spring and autumn periods, when structural particles due to unfavorable soil moisture conditions are the most vulnerable and can undergo irreversible destruction. The introduction of no-till technology and mulching of the soil surface is very promising from the point of view of compensation of negative consequences for soils. For saline soils, it is suggested to use deep plowing – the method of “self-improvement”. A well-grounded and developed technology of local land amelioration is promising for acidic soils, for the practical implementation of which it is necessary to design a working body that would be able to create microzones comfortable for the growth and development of agricultural crops in the arable layer of acidic soils with minimal mechanical damage to the surface layer of the soil. The question of the perspective of creating optimal physical parameters of the sowing (or arable) layer of the soil as a very underestimated reserve for increasing the yield of agricultural crops and adapting agriculture to climate change is considered separately. Current directions of scientific research aimed at adapting soil cultivation to new climatic conditions have been formulated.\u0000Conclusions. The perspective of adapting the agriculture of Ukraine to the climate changes that are currently taking place has been established, due ","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133805589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2021-14-5
Yu. G. Vozhik, S. Maranda, P. Vitrukh
Annotation Purpose. Improving the efficiency of field spraying and creating safe working conditions for maintenance personnel through the use of unmanned multicopters, the air jets from the propellers of which will not distort the flares of the sprayed solution of plant protection products (PPE). Methods. The method of analysis of variable time components of agricultural units is used. Results. Dependences of technical and operational indicators of technological equipment of a multicopter on this design and mode parameters and their rational values are received. Comparative data of multicopter and ground sprayers were obtained, which revealed the indisputable advantages of the former over the latter. Conclusions 1. One of the successful alternatives to ground sprayers is the use of unmanned aerial vehicles – multicopters, which, unlike ground vehicles, do not need to leave in the field among the plants technological tracks that reduce up to 5 % usable area and do not depend on soil and plant height. Due to the significant high working speed in comparison with ground means (from 3 m/s to 10 m/s) and practically absence of time for turns at the end of a run (3–5 s) one multicopter with width of capture of 10–12 m, can replace ground sprayer with a width of 50 m and five times the cost. 2. The rational structural and functional scheme of the technological equipment of the multicopter for plant protection must be similar to the ground sprayers of the frame construction, on the sides of which the screws of the multicopter are installed, and between them the spraying equipment. 3. Reducing the rate of application of PPE solution from low-volume (50 l/ha) to ultra-low-volume (10 l/ha) spraying increases productivity by only 1,3 times and significant complexity of the equipment. 4. Reducing battery time during multicopter operation from 180 minutes to 10 minutes reduces performance by only 10 %. 5. For low-volume spraying, a sufficient tank capacity for the PPE solution is 30 liters. 6. To increase productivity and reduce material costs for batteries, the multicopter must be equipped with a hybrid power plant with an internal combustion engine, which will recharge the battery to drive its propellers. 7. Increasing the capacity of the tank for the solution of PPE in ground sprayers from 3000 liters to 15000 liters is not economically feasible due to a slight (up to 10 %) increase in productivity, increased soil compaction and energy consumption. Keywords: agricultural multicopter, multicopter-sprayer, agricultural drone, liquid sprayers, ultra-low-volume spraying, parameters, modes.
{"title":"Substantiation of technological parameters of equipment for application of plant protection products using multicopters","authors":"Yu. G. Vozhik, S. Maranda, P. Vitrukh","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2021-14-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-14-5","url":null,"abstract":"Annotation\u0000Purpose. Improving the efficiency of field spraying and creating safe working conditions for maintenance personnel through the use of unmanned multicopters, the air jets from the propellers of which will not distort the flares of the sprayed solution of plant protection products (PPE).\u0000Methods. The method of analysis of variable time components of agricultural units is used.\u0000Results. Dependences of technical and operational indicators of technological equipment of a multicopter on this design and mode parameters and their rational values are received. Comparative data of multicopter and ground sprayers were obtained, which revealed the indisputable advantages of the former over the latter.\u0000Conclusions\u00001. One of the successful alternatives to ground sprayers is the use of unmanned aerial vehicles – multicopters, which, unlike ground vehicles, do not need to leave in the field among the plants technological tracks that reduce up to 5 % usable area and do not depend on soil and plant height. Due to the significant high working speed in comparison with ground means (from 3 m/s to 10 m/s) and practically absence of time for turns at the end of a run (3–5 s) one multicopter with width of capture of 10–12 m, can replace ground sprayer with a width of 50 m and five times the cost.\u00002. The rational structural and functional scheme of the technological equipment of the multicopter for plant protection must be similar to the ground sprayers of the frame construction, on the sides of which the screws of the multicopter are installed, and between them the spraying equipment.\u00003. Reducing the rate of application of PPE solution from low-volume (50 l/ha) to ultra-low-volume (10 l/ha) spraying increases productivity by only 1,3 times and significant complexity of the equipment.\u00004. Reducing battery time during multicopter operation from 180 minutes to 10 minutes reduces performance by only 10 %.\u00005. For low-volume spraying, a sufficient tank capacity for the PPE solution is 30 liters.\u00006. To increase productivity and reduce material costs for batteries, the multicopter must be equipped with a hybrid power plant with an internal combustion engine, which will recharge the battery to drive its propellers.\u00007. Increasing the capacity of the tank for the solution of PPE in ground sprayers from 3000 liters to 15000 liters is not economically feasible due to a slight (up to 10 %) increase in productivity, increased soil compaction and energy consumption.\u0000Keywords: agricultural multicopter, multicopter-sprayer, agricultural drone, liquid sprayers, ultra-low-volume spraying, parameters, modes.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128746004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-13
Pogorilyy S. P., Prysyazhnyi V. G., Tretyak V. M., Panasyuk V. I., Mirnyi V. Y., Barabash R. І.
Purpose. Substantiation of perspective directions of use of trucks as a mobile energy vehicle of traction class 1.4; 2 for formation on its basis of mobile agricultural units for performance of technological operations in farms with the area of 20–500 hectares. Methods. They were based on the application of analytical methods and mathematical modeling of the process of agricultural machinery and the basics of economic analysis. Numerical simulation was performed using a PC. Results. The list of technological operations, on which a cargo car can be used as an energy vehicle, was substantiated. Economic efficiency of using the mobile energy means of the traction class 1.4; 2 is established on the example of a technological operation for plant protection products. Conclusions. The use of trucks as a mobile power vehicle of traction class 1.4; 2 for the formation of a mobile agricultural unit on its basis for agricultural operations will reduce the cost of crop production by increasing annual load, increasing working and transport speeds, using direct flow technologies. It will also reduce the range of technical means for performing technological operations and increase the efficiency of their use. Keywords: truck, mobile agricultural unit, mobile power vehicle, traction class 1.4; 2, technological operations, mobile energy vehicle.
{"title":"Perspectives of using mobile energy vehicle of traction class 1.4; 2 in agrocultural production","authors":"Pogorilyy S. P., Prysyazhnyi V. G., Tretyak V. M., Panasyuk V. I., Mirnyi V. Y., Barabash R. І.","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-13","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Substantiation of perspective directions of use of trucks as a mobile energy vehicle of traction class 1.4; 2 for formation on its basis of mobile agricultural units for performance of technological operations in farms with the area of 20–500 hectares.\u0000Methods. They were based on the application of analytical methods and mathematical modeling of the process of agricultural machinery and the basics of economic analysis. Numerical simulation was performed using a PC.\u0000Results. The list of technological operations, on which a cargo car can be used as an energy vehicle, was substantiated. Economic efficiency of using the mobile energy means of the traction class 1.4; 2 is established on the example of a technological operation for plant protection products.\u0000Conclusions. The use of trucks as a mobile power vehicle of traction class 1.4; 2 for the formation of a mobile agricultural unit on its basis for agricultural operations will reduce the cost of crop production by increasing annual load, increasing working and transport speeds, using direct flow technologies. It will also reduce the range of technical means for performing technological operations and increase the efficiency of their use.\u0000Keywords: truck, mobile agricultural unit, mobile power vehicle, traction class 1.4; 2, technological operations, mobile energy vehicle.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"55 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133911650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-9
V. Adamchuk, V. Shvidia
Annotation Purpose. To increase the uniformity of seed heating by substantiating the transitional modes of a vacuum drum dryer through a mathematical model of heating seeds with mixing in a drying drum. Methods. The solutions of the heat equation were used with the use of the Fourier method for parabolic partial differential equations and the analysis of the motion of a material point on a rough surface. The adequacy of the mathematical model was verified on the basis of statistical methods. Results. Based on the solution of the heat conductivity equation and the analysis of the movement of seeds along the inner surface of the drying drum, the dependence of the temperature of the seeds on the layer thickness, heating time and the number of cycles was obtained. The analysis of this dependence made it possible to determine the number of cycles (number of revolutions) at which a uniform temperature distribution is observed over the entire thickness of the seed layer. This dependence shows that the number of revolutions at which a uniform temperature distribution is observed is directly proportional to the thickness of the seed layer and inversely proportional to the thermal diffusivity and the duration of one cycle. The resulting dependence of the number of cycles, at which a uniform temperature distribution over the layer thickness is achieved, was comparable to a similar experimental dependence. Conclusions. It was found that the mathematical model adequately describes the transient process of seed heating during its mixing with the blades of a drying drum for vacuum drying seeds and can be used to calculate the modes of a vacuum drum dryer for seeds. Keywords: seeds, drying drum, seed temperature, stirring, vacuum dryer, thermal conductivity, layer thickness.
{"title":"Mathematical model of heating seeds with stirring in a drying drum of vacuum drying of seeds","authors":"V. Adamchuk, V. Shvidia","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-9","url":null,"abstract":"Annotation\u0000Purpose. To increase the uniformity of seed heating by substantiating the transitional modes of a vacuum drum dryer through a mathematical model of heating seeds with mixing in a drying drum.\u0000Methods. The solutions of the heat equation were used with the use of the Fourier method for parabolic partial differential equations and the analysis of the motion of a material point on a rough surface. The adequacy of the mathematical model was verified on the basis of statistical methods.\u0000Results. Based on the solution of the heat conductivity equation and the analysis of the movement of seeds along the inner surface of the drying drum, the dependence of the temperature of the seeds on the layer thickness, heating time and the number of cycles was obtained. The analysis of this dependence made it possible to determine the number of cycles (number of revolutions) at which a uniform temperature distribution is observed over the entire thickness of the seed layer. This dependence shows that the number of revolutions at which a uniform temperature distribution is observed is directly proportional to the thickness of the seed layer and inversely proportional to the thermal diffusivity and the duration of one cycle. The resulting dependence of the number of cycles, at which a uniform temperature distribution over the layer thickness is achieved, was comparable to a similar experimental dependence.\u0000Conclusions. It was found that the mathematical model adequately describes the transient process of seed heating during its mixing with the blades of a drying drum for vacuum drying seeds and can be used to calculate the modes of a vacuum drum dryer for seeds.\u0000Keywords: seeds, drying drum, seed temperature, stirring, vacuum dryer, thermal conductivity, layer thickness.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"34 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134056939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-19
S. P. Pogorilyy, V. Lysaniuk, V. Prysyazhnyi, V. Panasyuk
Annotation Purpose. Reducing the cost of crop production by creating technical means that ensure the use of imported plant protection products or fertilizers under the flow-through technological scheme. Methods. The theoretical and analytical methods of analysis of the technological process of introducing means of protection using the basic laws of economic theory using a personal computer. Results. The paper proposes ways to reduce the cost of crop production by reducing the direct operating costs of technological operations for plant protection through the use of these technological operations of agricultural machinery units (AMU) based on off-road chassis GAZ-66 and sprayer OA-3000. The technical and technological characteristics of AMU GAZ-66 + OA-3000, economic efficiency of GAZ-66 + OA-3000 in comparison with the MTZ-920 + OShSh-3000 machine-tractor unit is given. Conclusions. Use AMU based on car chassis GAZ-66 and the OA-3000 automobile sprayer on performance of technological operations on the use made of plant protection products give the chance to increase productivity by 53% and to reduce direct operating costs in 2.1 times in comparison with machine-tractor units on the basis MTZ-920. Keywords: machine agricultural unit, car chassis, sprayer, cost of production, plant protection products.
{"title":"Use of the automobile chassis on technological operation on plant protection","authors":"S. P. Pogorilyy, V. Lysaniuk, V. Prysyazhnyi, V. Panasyuk","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-19","url":null,"abstract":"Annotation\u0000Purpose. Reducing the cost of crop production by creating technical means that ensure the use of imported plant protection products or fertilizers under the flow-through technological scheme.\u0000Methods. The theoretical and analytical methods of analysis of the technological process of introducing means of protection using the basic laws of economic theory using a personal computer.\u0000Results. The paper proposes ways to reduce the cost of crop production by reducing the direct operating costs of technological operations for plant protection through the use of these technological operations of agricultural machinery units (AMU) based on off-road chassis GAZ-66 and sprayer \u0000OA-3000. The technical and technological characteristics of AMU \u0000GAZ-66 + OA-3000, economic efficiency of GAZ-66 + OA-3000 in comparison with the MTZ-920 + OShSh-3000 machine-tractor unit is given.\u0000Conclusions. Use AMU based on car chassis GAZ-66 and the OA-3000 automobile sprayer on performance of technological operations on the use made of plant protection products give the chance to increase productivity by 53% and to reduce direct operating costs in 2.1 times in comparison with machine-tractor units on the basis MTZ-920.\u0000Keywords: machine agricultural unit, car chassis, sprayer, cost of production, plant protection products.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128140391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-13
O. Yeremenko, S. Subota
Annotation Purpose. Increasing the efficiency of biomass briquetting by developing, at the first stage, a graphic-analytical model of a shock-mechanical press with a closed matrix channel. Methods. Graphic-analytical modeling of impact pressing of biomass into briquettes in a closed channel of the matrix; linearization, according to which a non-linear function is replaced by a linear function; mathematical modeling, assumes the dependence of the degree of compaction of biomass on the magnitude of the shock load (impulse) and reveals the nonlinear nature of the resistance of biomass to shocks and deformations. Results. On the basis of the analysis, the main factors of the course of the biomass briquetting process in the closed matrix channel of the stamp press have been determined. The physical essence of obtaining briquettes from dispersed biomass is described. The developed graph-analytical model of biomass briquetting in the closed matrix of a stamp press is substantiated. The application of the method of linearization helps to simplify the mathematical model on the criterion of adequacy in relation to the real conditions of the process. Conclusions The developed graphic-analytical model of the process of briquetting of plant biomass in the closed matrix channel of the stamp press allows to find out in abstract form the physical essence of this complex phenomenon. According to the results of analytical modeling of the process of biomass compaction in the base with elastic properties it is established that the density of the briquette increases monotonically, asymptotically approaching the plastic state of the monolithic product. The application of the method of linearization of the nonlinear function F(y_1^((1) ) ) simplifies the analysis of the model on the length of the matrix channel in the interval (0; l_1 ), and the coefficient of linearization of the biomass resistance force is the basis of the mathematical model closed channel after each i-th blow. Keywords: briquette press, biomass, briquettes, shock method, stamp, closed channel, matrix, modeling, linearization.
{"title":"Analytical modeling of the biomass briquetting process in a closed channel","authors":"O. Yeremenko, S. Subota","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-13","url":null,"abstract":"Annotation\u0000Purpose. Increasing the efficiency of biomass briquetting by developing, at the first stage, a graphic-analytical model of a shock-mechanical press with a closed matrix channel.\u0000Methods. Graphic-analytical modeling of impact pressing of biomass into briquettes in a closed channel of the matrix; linearization, according to which a non-linear function is replaced by a linear function; mathematical modeling, assumes the dependence of the degree of compaction of biomass on the magnitude of the shock load (impulse) and reveals the nonlinear nature of the resistance of biomass to shocks and deformations.\u0000Results. On the basis of the analysis, the main factors of the course of the biomass briquetting process in the closed matrix channel of the stamp press have been determined. The physical essence of obtaining briquettes from dispersed biomass is described.\u0000The developed graph-analytical model of biomass briquetting in the closed matrix of a stamp press is substantiated. The application of the method of linearization helps to simplify the mathematical model on the criterion of adequacy in relation to the real conditions of the process.\u0000Conclusions\u0000 The developed graphic-analytical model of the process of briquetting of plant biomass in the closed matrix channel of the stamp press allows to find out in abstract form the physical essence of this complex phenomenon.\u0000 According to the results of analytical modeling of the process of biomass compaction in the base with elastic properties it is established that the density of the briquette increases monotonically, asymptotically approaching the plastic state of the monolithic product.\u0000 The application of the method of linearization of the nonlinear function F(y_1^((1) ) ) simplifies the analysis of the model on the length of the matrix channel in the interval (0; l_1 ), and the coefficient of linearization of the biomass resistance force is the basis of the mathematical model closed channel after each i-th blow.\u0000Keywords: briquette press, biomass, briquettes, shock method, stamp, closed channel, matrix, modeling, linearization.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123421108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-4
Ratushnyy V. V. V. V., Maranda S. O S. O, Kosovets Yu. V.
Purpose. Increasing the efficiency of the use of pesticides by substantiating the parameters of the mixer of the batch-type rotator for layer-by-layer treatment of seeds, which will ensure the improvement of the quality of seed treatment and ecological safety of the environment. Methods. The study used an analytical and experimental method using Microsoft Office and Mathcad software environments. Results. An analytical expression was obtained for determining the dynamic criterion of the mixer’s operating mode, as a necessary condition for the implementation of the work process of the batch-type rotator for the layer-by-layer treatment of seeds, based on which the analytical dependence of the mixer’s angular speed on its design parameters and the seed friction coefficient was established. The regression equation was obtained, which describes the shape of the shape of the mixer, which makes it possible to justify the main structural and kinematic parameters of the rotary seed treater. Conclusions. A mathematical relationship was obtained that describes the relationship between the design parameters and the operating modes of the mixer of the rotary seed treater, which ensure the movement of seeds up the working surface of the mixer in the field of action of centrifugal forces. It was theoretically established that the stable movement of seeds along the inner working surface of the rotary seed treater mixer with grain friction coefficients from 0.15 to 0.45 at angles of inclination of the tangent to the productive side surface of the mixer to the axis of rotation in the range from 30º to 40º is ensured at an angular speed of the mixer from 10 rad/s to 35 rad/s and the radius of the lower base of the mixer from 0.1 m to 0.3 m. Based on the results of experimental studies, a regression equation was obtained that describes the shape of the rotary seed treater mixer, which makes it possible to substantiate its main structural and kinematic parameters. Keywords: portion of seeds, seed treater, layer-by-layer processing, protective-stimulating-nutritious preparations.
目的。通过确定间歇式旋转器逐层处理种子的混合器参数，提高农药的使用效率，保证种子处理质量的提高和环境的生态安全。本研究采用分析与实验相结合的方法，使用Microsoft Office和Mathcad软件环境。得到了确定混合器工作模式动态判据的解析表达式，该表达式是间歇式旋转器实现种子分层处理工作过程的必要条件，并在此基础上建立了混合器角速度与设计参数和种子摩擦系数的解析依赖关系。得到了描述混合器形状的回归方程，为确定旋转式种子处理机的主要结构参数和运动参数提供了可能。得到了在离心力作用下，保证种子沿混合器工作面上运动的设计参数与混合器工作方式之间的数学关系。是理论上建立稳定运动的种子内部工作旋转处理器混合器与谷物种子表面摩擦系数从0.15到0.45的角度倾斜的富有成效的侧表面的切线机转动轴的范围从30º40º确保在混合器的角速度从10 rad / s 35 rad / s和较低的半径的混合器从0.1米到0.3米。在实验研究的基础上，得到了描述旋转式种子处理机形状的回归方程，从而确定了旋转式种子处理机的主要结构参数和运动参数。关键词:种子部分，种子处理机，层层加工，保护-刺激-营养制剂。
{"title":"Justification of the parameters of the mixer of the rotary treater for layer-by-layer treatment of seeds","authors":"Ratushnyy V. V. V. V., Maranda S. O S. O, Kosovets Yu. V.","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-4","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Increasing the efficiency of the use of pesticides by substantiating the parameters of the mixer of the batch-type rotator for layer-by-layer treatment of seeds, which will ensure the improvement of the quality of seed treatment and ecological safety of the environment.\u0000Methods. The study used an analytical and experimental method using Microsoft Office and Mathcad software environments.\u0000Results. An analytical expression was obtained for determining the dynamic criterion of the mixer’s operating mode, as a necessary condition for the implementation of the work process of the batch-type rotator for the layer-by-layer treatment of seeds, based on which the analytical dependence of the mixer’s angular speed on its design parameters and the seed friction coefficient was established. The regression equation was obtained, which describes the shape of the shape of the mixer, which makes it possible to justify the main structural and kinematic parameters of the rotary seed treater.\u0000Conclusions. A mathematical relationship was obtained that describes the relationship between the design parameters and the operating modes of the mixer of the rotary seed treater, which ensure the movement of seeds up the working surface of the mixer in the field of action of centrifugal forces. It was theoretically established that the stable movement of seeds along the inner working surface of the rotary seed treater mixer with grain friction coefficients from 0.15 to 0.45 at angles of inclination of the tangent to the productive side surface of the mixer to the axis of rotation in the range from 30º to 40º is ensured at an angular speed of the mixer from 10 rad/s to 35 rad/s and the radius of the lower base of the mixer from 0.1 m to 0.3 m. Based on the results of experimental studies, a regression equation was obtained that describes the shape of the rotary seed treater mixer, which makes it possible to substantiate its main structural and kinematic parameters.\u0000Keywords: portion of seeds, seed treater, layer-by-layer processing, protective-stimulating-nutritious preparations.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123634741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-4
M. P. Artemov, I. O. Kolodyazhnyi, V. M. Tretyak
Purpose. Experimental methods to estimate the flight range of mineral fertilizer granules, to determine the shape of the fertilizer scattering torch, to compare the results of practical research with theoretical calculations of the flight range. Methods. Full-scale experimental studies of a mock-up sample of a fertilizer spreader. Results. To improve the quality of sieving, a multi-disc device for sifting mineral fertilizers over the field surface is proposed. It is proposed to make the device in the form of independent, functionally independent modules. Each module consists of three independent units: a fertilizer tank with an agitator; horizontal disc dispenser with calibration holes; a horizontal spreader plate. Each of the modules is equipped with its own electric drive, allowing them to be individually adjusted to a specific operating mode. As a result of studies of a prototype dispenser with active forced-batch dosing of bulk mineral fertilizers, its satisfactory performance was obtained. This makes it possible to regulate the dosage of fertilizers on the spreading disc within the specified limits, and the range of spreading the fertilizers through the individual setting of a certain number of rotational speed of the spreading disc. This arrangement does not limit their number and attachment points on the frame, and the working width of the unit will be regulated only by their number and the range of fertilizer spreading by each individual block. Conclusions. The flight range of mineral fertilizer granules depends on the frequency of rotation of the spreading disc, its height above the surface of the field, and the coefficient of windage of the fertilizers. With a change in the location of the spreading disc height from 0.2 to 1 m, at a spreading disc speed of 46.6; 33.3; 50 s-1, the spreading range for granular superphosphate (double) varies from 1.56 to 7.65 m, granular superphosphate from 1.54 to 7.24 m, granular ammonium nitrate from 1.46 to 6 m. The flight ranges of pellets obtained by practical and theoretical methods coincide within the limits of the requirements. The shape of the resulting spreading spot of fertilizer granules allows, in the case of installing several spreading modules in a line, to obtain fertilizer spreading in the form of an elongated ellipse. Keywords: mineral fertilizers, scatter torch, granules, spreading disc, rotation frequency, flight range.
{"title":"Estimation of dimensional and qualitative parameters of disk spreader with electric drive","authors":"M. P. Artemov, I. O. Kolodyazhnyi, V. M. Tretyak","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-13-4","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Experimental methods to estimate the flight range of mineral fertilizer granules, to determine the shape of the fertilizer scattering torch, to compare the results of practical research with theoretical calculations of the flight range.\u0000Methods. Full-scale experimental studies of a mock-up sample of a fertilizer spreader.\u0000Results. To improve the quality of sieving, a multi-disc device for sifting mineral fertilizers over the field surface is proposed. It is proposed to make the device in the form of independent, functionally independent modules. Each module consists of three independent units: a fertilizer tank with an agitator; horizontal disc dispenser with calibration holes; a horizontal spreader plate. Each of the modules is equipped with its own electric drive, allowing them to be individually adjusted to a specific operating mode. As a result of studies of a prototype dispenser with active forced-batch dosing of bulk mineral fertilizers, its satisfactory performance was obtained. This makes it possible to regulate the dosage of fertilizers on the spreading disc within the specified limits, and the range of spreading the fertilizers through the individual setting of a certain number of rotational speed of the spreading disc. This arrangement does not limit their number and attachment points on the frame, and the working width of the unit will be regulated only by their number and the range of fertilizer spreading by each individual block.\u0000Conclusions. The flight range of mineral fertilizer granules depends on the frequency of rotation of the spreading disc, its height above the surface of the field, and the coefficient of windage of the fertilizers.\u0000With a change in the location of the spreading disc height from 0.2 to 1 m, at a spreading disc speed of 46.6; 33.3; 50 s-1, the spreading range for granular superphosphate (double) varies from 1.56 to 7.65 m, granular superphosphate from 1.54 to 7.24 m, granular ammonium nitrate from 1.46 to 6 m. \u0000The flight ranges of pellets obtained by practical and theoretical methods coincide within the limits of the requirements. The shape of the resulting spreading spot of fertilizer granules allows, in the case of installing several spreading modules in a line, to obtain fertilizer spreading in the form of an elongated ellipse.\u0000Keywords: mineral fertilizers, scatter torch, granules, spreading disc, rotation frequency, flight range.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122208055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-1
Adamchuk V. V., Bulgakov V. M., Holovach I. V., Ihnatiev Ye. І.
Purpose. Establishing theoretical regularities of oscillatory movements of the disc colter assembly of a direct seeding planter to justify its rational modes, which ensures high-quality sowing of seeds in the soil. Methods. During the research, methods of the theory of agricultural machines and modeling of technological processes performed by them, methods of higher mathematics, theoretical mechanics, as well as numerical calculations using a personal computer were used. Results. Compiled differential equations of translational and angular oscillations of the colter unit of the direct seeding planter, which arise under the action of reactions from the soil surface during the movement of the seeding unit along the unevenness of the field surface. The analytical solution of the specified differential equations made it possible to obtain expressions for calculating the frequencies and amplitudes of the studied oscillations depending on the structural and kinematic parameters of the colter unit and the parameters of the soil surface irregularities. On the basis of the obtained analytical expressions, graphical dependences of the amplitude of oscillations of the colter unit of the direct seeding planter on the speed of its translational movement with different stiffness of the springs of the double-spring suspension were constructed. Conclusions 1. A rational combination of the design parameters of the seeding unit, the speed of its translational movement, and the parameters of the unevenness of the soil surface, which achieve the necessary quality of seed sowing, is ensured by their determination using the obtained new analytical dependencies. 2. The obtained expressions for determining the amplitudes and frequencies of vertical oscillations of the colter assembly make it possible to minimize the magnitude of these oscillations and their impact on the quality of seed sowing. 3. Resonance values of the amplitude of oscillations are obtained when the frequency of disturbances of the colter assembly coincides with the natural frequency at speeds of translational movement of the seeder from 0.6 m s–1 to 1.0 m s–1. In the case of an increase in the speed of movement from 1.2 m s–1 to 4 m s–1 with the stiffness of the springs = 16815–67270 N∙m–1, = 17150–68600 N∙m–1, the indicators of the amplitude of vertical oscillations stabilize and acquire values, which are within 0.01–0.0004 m, respectively. Keywords: seeder, colter unit, toothed discs, soil surface irregularities, oscillations, differential equations, amplitude, frequency.
目的。建立了直接播种机圆盘式播种机总成振荡运动的理论规律，论证了圆盘式播种机的合理模式，保证了种子在土壤中的高质量播种。在研究过程中，运用了农业机械理论及其工艺过程建模方法、高等数学方法、理论力学方法以及个人计算机数值计算方法。编制了直播播种机播种机播种机在沿不平整地面的运动过程中，在土壤表面反作用力作用下产生的播种机播种机的平动和角振荡的微分方程。微分方程的解析解使计算所研究的振动的频率和振幅的表达式成为可能，这取决于冷却器的结构和运动参数以及土壤表面不规则性的参数。在得到解析表达式的基础上，构造了双弹簧悬吊不同刚度时，直播播种机插拔装置的振荡幅值与其平移运动速度的图形关系。利用所获得的新的解析依赖关系确定播种机的设计参数、其平移运动速度和土壤表面不均匀度参数的合理组合，保证了播种机的播种质量。所获得的用于确定收集器组件垂直振荡幅度和频率的表达式使这些振荡的幅度及其对播种质量的影响最小化成为可能。当播种机平移运动速度从0.6 m s-1到1.0 m s-1时，播种机组件的扰动频率与固有频率一致时，得到振荡幅度的共振值。当运动速度从1.2 m s-1增加到4 m s-1，弹簧刚度= 16815-67270 N∙m - 1， = 17150-68600 N∙m - 1时，垂向振荡幅度指标趋于稳定，分别在0.01-0.0004 m范围内。关键词:播种机，收割机，齿盘，土壤表面不规则，振荡，微分方程，振幅，频率。
{"title":"The theory of oscillating movement in the soil of a toothed disc colter of a direct seeding grain seeder","authors":"Adamchuk V. V., Bulgakov V. M., Holovach I. V., Ihnatiev Ye. І.","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2022-15-1","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Establishing theoretical regularities of oscillatory movements of the disc colter assembly of a direct seeding planter to justify its rational modes, which ensures high-quality sowing of seeds in the soil.\u0000Methods. During the research, methods of the theory of agricultural machines and modeling of technological processes performed by them, methods of higher mathematics, theoretical mechanics, as well as numerical calculations using a personal computer were used.\u0000Results. Compiled differential equations of translational and angular oscillations of the colter unit of the direct seeding planter, which arise under the action of reactions from the soil surface during the movement of the seeding unit along the unevenness of the field surface. The analytical solution of the specified differential equations made it possible to obtain expressions for calculating the frequencies and amplitudes of the studied oscillations depending on the structural and kinematic parameters of the colter unit and the parameters of the soil surface irregularities. On the basis of the obtained analytical expressions, graphical dependences of the amplitude of oscillations of the colter unit of the direct seeding planter on the speed of its translational movement with different stiffness of the springs of the double-spring suspension were constructed.\u0000Conclusions\u00001. A rational combination of the design parameters of the seeding unit, the speed of its translational movement, and the parameters of the unevenness of the soil surface, which achieve the necessary quality of seed sowing, is ensured by their determination using the obtained new analytical dependencies.\u00002. The obtained expressions for determining the amplitudes and frequencies of vertical oscillations of the colter assembly make it possible to minimize the magnitude of these oscillations and their impact on the quality of seed sowing.\u00003. Resonance values of the amplitude of oscillations are obtained when the frequency of disturbances of the colter assembly coincides with the natural frequency at speeds of translational movement of the seeder from 0.6 m s–1 to 1.0 m s–1. In the case of an increase in the speed of movement from 1.2 m s–1 to 4 m s–1 with the stiffness of the springs = 16815–67270 N∙m–1, = 17150–68600 N∙m–1, the indicators of the amplitude of vertical oscillations stabilize and acquire values, which are within 0.01–0.0004 m, respectively.\u0000Keywords: seeder, colter unit, toothed discs, soil surface irregularities, oscillations, differential equations, amplitude, frequency.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115178803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-13
S. Grigorenko, D. Milko
Purpose. Development of the program and methods of carrying out experimental studies of the process of drying avian manure to determine the structural-technological and energy parameters of drum dryer. Methods. Methods of mathematical statistics, synthesis and analysis, description and modeling were used. Results. Presents the application of mathematical methods, in particular mathematical planning, which will allow to evaluate the role of influential factors; to obtain a mathematical model of the drying process and to determine the optimal conditions for its parameters and modes of operation. Conclusions. The technique of experimental studies of the process of drying chicken manure using a drum dryer allows to create a process model with minimal cost. The necessary equipment and methods for processing the obtained experimental data are presented. The mathematical method of planning is given, the levels and intervals of variation of the current factors are determined. Keywords: dryer, drum, litter, research methodology, biofertilizer.
{"title":"Methods of experimental studies of the process of drying bird droppings in a drum dryer","authors":"S. Grigorenko, D. Milko","doi":"10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-13","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Development of the program and methods of carrying out experimental studies of the process of drying avian manure to determine the structural-technological and energy parameters of drum dryer.\u0000Methods. Methods of mathematical statistics, synthesis and analysis, description and modeling were used.\u0000Results. Presents the application of mathematical methods, in particular mathematical planning, which will allow to evaluate the role of influential factors; to obtain a mathematical model of the drying process and to determine the optimal conditions for its parameters and modes of operation.\u0000Conclusions. The technique of experimental studies of the process of drying chicken manure using a drum dryer allows to create a process model with minimal cost. The necessary equipment and methods for processing the obtained experimental data are presented. The mathematical method of planning is given, the levels and intervals of variation of the current factors are determined.\u0000Keywords: dryer, drum, litter, research methodology, biofertilizer.","PeriodicalId":253322,"journal":{"name":"Mehanization and electrification of agricultural","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114201114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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