Pub Date : 2008-07-16DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806541
D. Repperger, M. Haas, J.T. McDonald, R. L. Ewing
A variety of issues are discussed related to cyberspace warfare and network systems. Present systems are now highly distributed, yet may be extremely vulnerable. Means of developing performance, vulnerability and dynamic response to several types of cyber attacks are considered. It is seen that both the architecture of a distributed network and the characteristics of the constituent nodes that control flows highly influence performance and vulnerability.
{"title":"Cyberspace and Networked Systems - Paradigms for Security and Dynamic Attacks","authors":"D. Repperger, M. Haas, J.T. McDonald, R. L. Ewing","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806541","url":null,"abstract":"A variety of issues are discussed related to cyberspace warfare and network systems. Present systems are now highly distributed, yet may be extremely vulnerable. Means of developing performance, vulnerability and dynamic response to several types of cyber attacks are considered. It is seen that both the architecture of a distributed network and the characteristics of the constituent nodes that control flows highly influence performance and vulnerability.","PeriodicalId":254758,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128584480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-16DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806539
D. Beekman, J. Mait, T. Doligalski
The Micro Autonomous Systems and Technology program is conducting research to develop small air and ground robotic systems for acquisition and delivery of improved situational awareness to warfighters.
{"title":"Micro Autonomous Systems and Technology at the Army Research Laboratory","authors":"D. Beekman, J. Mait, T. Doligalski","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806539","url":null,"abstract":"The Micro Autonomous Systems and Technology program is conducting research to develop small air and ground robotic systems for acquisition and delivery of improved situational awareness to warfighters.","PeriodicalId":254758,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132808678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-16DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806506
E. Loomis, J. Walrath
Collaborative decision support is critical to providing the warfighter much-needed Universal situational awareness (USA) and a better understanding of information flowing from complex sensor webs. USA requires the ability to rapidly correlate sensor data and provide easy-to-understand collaborative decision support tools. The design knowledge company (TDKC) is currently developing the XTM collaborative argumentation toolkit (XCAT) for the air force research Laboratory's (AFRL) sensors directorate. XCAT will provide a capability to: (1) manage sensor data streams; (2) collaborate with other entities to facilitate the decision process; (3) parameterize sensor network health and status ;(4) correlate the sensor information with other intelligence data; and (5) provide argumentation tools to augment decision making and course-of-action selection.
{"title":"Collaborative Decision Support for Layered Sensor Webs","authors":"E. Loomis, J. Walrath","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806506","url":null,"abstract":"Collaborative decision support is critical to providing the warfighter much-needed Universal situational awareness (USA) and a better understanding of information flowing from complex sensor webs. USA requires the ability to rapidly correlate sensor data and provide easy-to-understand collaborative decision support tools. The design knowledge company (TDKC) is currently developing the XTM collaborative argumentation toolkit (XCAT) for the air force research Laboratory's (AFRL) sensors directorate. XCAT will provide a capability to: (1) manage sensor data streams; (2) collaborate with other entities to facilitate the decision process; (3) parameterize sensor network health and status ;(4) correlate the sensor information with other intelligence data; and (5) provide argumentation tools to augment decision making and course-of-action selection.","PeriodicalId":254758,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122147824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-16DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806519
R. Fogle, B. Rigling
With recent advancements in radar technology, RF characterization of dismounts has become feasible. This paper presents the initial steps taken in developing a physically-relevant parametric RF dismount model. The model assumes the data is composed of multiple interacting attributed scattering centers that can be associated to human body elements.
{"title":"Parametric Model of High-Resolution Radio-Frequency Dismount Data","authors":"R. Fogle, B. Rigling","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806519","url":null,"abstract":"With recent advancements in radar technology, RF characterization of dismounts has become feasible. This paper presents the initial steps taken in developing a physically-relevant parametric RF dismount model. The model assumes the data is composed of multiple interacting attributed scattering centers that can be associated to human body elements.","PeriodicalId":254758,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121062597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-16DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806509
D. Conroy, R. Shroder, S. Boykin
When acquiring air force (AF) weapon systems, the department of defense now demands more performance for less cost. AF systems cannot be acquired simply for greater performance, but must be balanced against the cost to arrive at a "best value" investment. Increasing the insight into performance, cost and risk trade-offs early in the product design process is key to enabling affordable AF solutions to be created and deployed. Frontier Technology, Inc. (FTI) has matured a decision support infrastructure that is built upon the integration of DoD-accepted decision-making methods combined with unique, collaborative insight into technical parameters driving cost. The FTI integrated cost as an independent variable (I-CAIV) tool facilitates the documentation of both AF high-level capabilities as well as the generation of multiple stakeholder and/or warfighter priorities. This structure includes performance requirements that are linked to objectives and thresholds in a manner that enables users to understand how requirements "drive" cost during the design process. FTI has developed this collaborative infrastructure from multiple DoD SBIRs focused on different aspects of affordability analysis. The Air Force, Army, and Navy have awarded SBIR efforts to mature collaborative infrastructure and integrate different DoD community-accepted data sources into the I-CAIV process and framework. These investments have resulted in a tool that can be used to visualize performance, cost, risk and schedule of multiple alternatives in threedimensionsidentifying the "knee of the performance vs. cost curve.
在采购空军武器系统时，国防部现在要求以更低的成本获得更高的性能。AF系统不能仅仅为了更高的性能而获得，而必须与成本相平衡，以达到“最佳价值”投资。在产品设计过程的早期增加对性能、成本和风险权衡的洞察力是创建和部署可负担得起的自动对焦解决方案的关键。Frontier Technology, Inc. (FTI)已经建立了成熟的决策支持基础设施，该基础设施建立在dod认可的决策方法的集成上，并结合了对驱动成本的技术参数的独特的协作洞察力。FTI综合成本作为一个独立变量(I-CAIV)工具促进了AF高级能力的文件编制，以及多个利益相关者和/或作战人员优先事项的生成。该结构包括与目标和阈值相关联的性能需求，以使用户能够理解需求如何在设计过程中“驱动”成本。FTI从多个国防部SBIRs中开发了这种协作基础设施，重点关注可负担性分析的不同方面。空军、陆军和海军已经授予SBIR工作，以成熟协作基础设施，并将不同的国防部社区接受的数据源集成到I-CAIV过程和框架中。这些投资产生了一个工具，可以用它来可视化多个备选方案的性能、成本、风险和进度，以三维方式识别“性能与成本曲线的拐点”。
{"title":"Affordable Design Solutions based on Colaboratilve Decision Techniques","authors":"D. Conroy, R. Shroder, S. Boykin","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806509","url":null,"abstract":"When acquiring air force (AF) weapon systems, the department of defense now demands more performance for less cost. AF systems cannot be acquired simply for greater performance, but must be balanced against the cost to arrive at a \"best value\" investment. Increasing the insight into performance, cost and risk trade-offs early in the product design process is key to enabling affordable AF solutions to be created and deployed. Frontier Technology, Inc. (FTI) has matured a decision support infrastructure that is built upon the integration of DoD-accepted decision-making methods combined with unique, collaborative insight into technical parameters driving cost. The FTI integrated cost as an independent variable (I-CAIV) tool facilitates the documentation of both AF high-level capabilities as well as the generation of multiple stakeholder and/or warfighter priorities. This structure includes performance requirements that are linked to objectives and thresholds in a manner that enables users to understand how requirements \"drive\" cost during the design process. FTI has developed this collaborative infrastructure from multiple DoD SBIRs focused on different aspects of affordability analysis. The Air Force, Army, and Navy have awarded SBIR efforts to mature collaborative infrastructure and integrate different DoD community-accepted data sources into the I-CAIV process and framework. These investments have resulted in a tool that can be used to visualize performance, cost, risk and schedule of multiple alternatives in threedimensionsidentifying the \"knee of the performance vs. cost curve.","PeriodicalId":254758,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123075573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-16DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806517
L.L. Lioun, D. Lin, J. Tsui
The purpose of this paper is to find the limit of instantaneous dynamic range (IDR) for electronic warfare (EW) receivers with two-signal detection capability. In order to make the limit independent of the order of music method, very high order is used. Two signal detection criterions are used. One criterion is through the eigenvalue distribution. The other is through the frequency identification using the music spectral analysis. General behavior of IDR vs. frequency shows a small IDR at small frequency separation and that IDR reaches a saturation value at some frequency separation. This is the expected result. In order to apply to practical EW receiver design, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) with various numbers of bits are used to calculate the IDR. The calculated results for ADC with different number of bits are curve fitted to represent the IDR vs. frequency separation. These curves can be used as the limit for digital EW receiver designs.
{"title":"Determination of Electronic Warfare Receiver's Instantaneous Dynamic Range Using Music Method","authors":"L.L. Lioun, D. Lin, J. Tsui","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806517","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to find the limit of instantaneous dynamic range (IDR) for electronic warfare (EW) receivers with two-signal detection capability. In order to make the limit independent of the order of music method, very high order is used. Two signal detection criterions are used. One criterion is through the eigenvalue distribution. The other is through the frequency identification using the music spectral analysis. General behavior of IDR vs. frequency shows a small IDR at small frequency separation and that IDR reaches a saturation value at some frequency separation. This is the expected result. In order to apply to practical EW receiver design, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) with various numbers of bits are used to calculate the IDR. The calculated results for ADC with different number of bits are curve fitted to represent the IDR vs. frequency separation. These curves can be used as the limit for digital EW receiver designs.","PeriodicalId":254758,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131945734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-16DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806574
Sukchang Yun, S. Sung, Young Jae Lee, T. Kang, S. Chun
Despite precise relative positioning performance of a GPS based navigation system, it may require the reference station in close boundaries and can be affected by satellite observation environments. Thus, this paper presents an INS and vision sensor integrated system, which uses a combination of feature points and the landmark whose position is already known in order to overcome the limitation of GPS-only system. The proposed system has the advantage of implementing three-dimensional navigation using the geometry of landmark images. The simulation verifies the performance of integrated navigation system, by which the performance enhancement in estimating relative position of the vehicle is proved effectively.
{"title":"INS/Vision Sensor Integrated System for Precise Relative Position Estimation using Landmark","authors":"Sukchang Yun, S. Sung, Young Jae Lee, T. Kang, S. Chun","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806574","url":null,"abstract":"Despite precise relative positioning performance of a GPS based navigation system, it may require the reference station in close boundaries and can be affected by satellite observation environments. Thus, this paper presents an INS and vision sensor integrated system, which uses a combination of feature points and the landmark whose position is already known in order to overcome the limitation of GPS-only system. The proposed system has the advantage of implementing three-dimensional navigation using the geometry of landmark images. The simulation verifies the performance of integrated navigation system, by which the performance enhancement in estimating relative position of the vehicle is proved effectively.","PeriodicalId":254758,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127217176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-16DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806530
T.X. Wu, Shanhu Wan
Multi-target detection is crucial in modern warfare. It is challenging to distinguish radar returns of multiple, separate targets from those of multiple reflection points on a single target. Methods developed so far use straightforward discrimination, which is computationally complex. In this paper, we propose ideas to detect multi-targets by using electromagnetic modeling and neural networks (NNs). Preliminary result for missile identification through NN is presented for indicating the efficiency of NN for multi-target detection.
{"title":"Networked Multi-target Detection Using Electromagnetic Modeling and Neural Network","authors":"T.X. Wu, Shanhu Wan","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806530","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-target detection is crucial in modern warfare. It is challenging to distinguish radar returns of multiple, separate targets from those of multiple reflection points on a single target. Methods developed so far use straightforward discrimination, which is computationally complex. In this paper, we propose ideas to detect multi-targets by using electromagnetic modeling and neural networks (NNs). Preliminary result for missile identification through NN is presented for indicating the efficiency of NN for multi-target detection.","PeriodicalId":254758,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124433776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-16DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806532
M.C. Hollenbeck, K. Stevens, R. Brower, R. Ewing, H. Abdel-Aty-Zohdy
Organic transistors that use dissolved ions to conduct current are able to reproduce the current-voltage characteristics of semiconductor transistors. The polymer-electrolyte transistor (PET) consists of a three-source acid/base reaction system, where a polymer gel separates the three source electrolytes and allows for transistor activity in the movement of the ions through the gel. The ability to directly measure the ionic current in the polymer of a PET reaction system without interfering with the reaction is a difficult task. Understanding the interfacial properties of an electrode-polymer junction will allow for a non-invasive method of directly measuring the ionic currents of the PET. The complex dielectric properties of a polymer system are considered, as well as the effect of the polymer-electrode interface.
{"title":"Capacitive Ionic Current Measurement in a Polymer-Electrolyte Transistor","authors":"M.C. Hollenbeck, K. Stevens, R. Brower, R. Ewing, H. Abdel-Aty-Zohdy","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806532","url":null,"abstract":"Organic transistors that use dissolved ions to conduct current are able to reproduce the current-voltage characteristics of semiconductor transistors. The polymer-electrolyte transistor (PET) consists of a three-source acid/base reaction system, where a polymer gel separates the three source electrolytes and allows for transistor activity in the movement of the ions through the gel. The ability to directly measure the ionic current in the polymer of a PET reaction system without interfering with the reaction is a difficult task. Understanding the interfacial properties of an electrode-polymer junction will allow for a non-invasive method of directly measuring the ionic currents of the PET. The complex dielectric properties of a polymer system are considered, as well as the effect of the polymer-electrode interface.","PeriodicalId":254758,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference","volume":"426 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122867825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-16DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806510
J. Lyons, C. Stokes, D. Garcia, J. Adams, D. Ames
The trust literature emphasizes trust in automation, thus neglecting the interpersonal aspects of how distributed personnel develop trust. Interpersonal trust represents the willingness of individuals to accept vulnerabilities from the actions of others. Vulnerability is critical aspect of trust research, yet few studies have manipulated vulnerability. Non-verbal cues may have an influence on the trust process, suggesting that features of collaborative tools may influence how individuals build trust. The present study will implement a 3times4 mixed design. Participants will select a convoy route based on: 1) graphical displays of enemy zones and historical Improvised Explosive Device (IED) occurrences; 2) route parameters (e.g., fuel required); and 3) information from a local expert. Vulnerability will be manipulated by altering the frequency of IEDs and the location of `red forces' to create low, moderate, and high vulnerability conditions (within subjects factor). Information from local experts will be presented via one of four conditions: 1) audio/video with low emotion; 2) audio/video with high emotion; and 3) audio only; and 4) chat (between subjects factor). Findings from this research will support the development of new collaborative tools for the Command and Control (C2) domain.
{"title":"Trust and Decision Making: An Empirical Platform (CCP 204)","authors":"J. Lyons, C. Stokes, D. Garcia, J. Adams, D. Ames","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.2008.4806510","url":null,"abstract":"The trust literature emphasizes trust in automation, thus neglecting the interpersonal aspects of how distributed personnel develop trust. Interpersonal trust represents the willingness of individuals to accept vulnerabilities from the actions of others. Vulnerability is critical aspect of trust research, yet few studies have manipulated vulnerability. Non-verbal cues may have an influence on the trust process, suggesting that features of collaborative tools may influence how individuals build trust. The present study will implement a 3times4 mixed design. Participants will select a convoy route based on: 1) graphical displays of enemy zones and historical Improvised Explosive Device (IED) occurrences; 2) route parameters (e.g., fuel required); and 3) information from a local expert. Vulnerability will be manipulated by altering the frequency of IEDs and the location of `red forces' to create low, moderate, and high vulnerability conditions (within subjects factor). Information from local experts will be presented via one of four conditions: 1) audio/video with low emotion; 2) audio/video with high emotion; and 3) audio only; and 4) chat (between subjects factor). Findings from this research will support the development of new collaborative tools for the Command and Control (C2) domain.","PeriodicalId":254758,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127770329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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