Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.36077/kjas/2024/v16i2.13694
Lina K. Awad, M. Fayyadh
This study was conducted with the aim of isolating endophytic fungi from some xerophyte plants. In this study, three fungi were isolated from the internal tissues of some plants spread in the city of Basrah, Xenomyrothecium tongaense from the stem of Suaeda aegyptiace, Chaetomium megalocarpum from the roots, stem and leaves of Caroxylon jordanicola and Cephaliophora irregularis from the leaves of Cressa cretica. Fungus was identified based on its morphological features and molecular based on the amplification of the ITS gene region and the nucleolide sequence of the fungi was deposited in the genebank under accession number NR-154511.1, KT371335.1 and OM245865.1 for fungi Xenomyrothecium tongaense, Chaetomium megalocarpum and Cephaliophora irregularis, respectively. This is the first study in which these fungi are isolated from desert in Iraq.
{"title":"First record of three Endophytic fungi isolated from xerophyte plants in Basra, Iraq","authors":"Lina K. Awad, M. Fayyadh","doi":"10.36077/kjas/2024/v16i2.13694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2024/v16i2.13694","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted with the aim of isolating endophytic fungi from some xerophyte plants. In this study, three fungi were isolated from the internal tissues of some plants spread in the city of Basrah, Xenomyrothecium tongaense from the stem of Suaeda aegyptiace, Chaetomium megalocarpum from the roots, stem and leaves of Caroxylon jordanicola and Cephaliophora irregularis from the leaves of Cressa cretica. Fungus was identified based on its morphological features and molecular based on the amplification of the ITS gene region and the nucleolide sequence of the fungi was deposited in the genebank under accession number NR-154511.1, KT371335.1 and OM245865.1 for fungi Xenomyrothecium tongaense, Chaetomium megalocarpum and Cephaliophora irregularis, respectively. This is the first study in which these fungi are isolated from desert in Iraq.","PeriodicalId":254783,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"9 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141355831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.36077/kjas/2024/v16i2.10942
Sarah Ali Muhammad Al-Hayany, A. A. Obaid
The study aimed to find an accurate propagation program for the rootstock of peach Prunus persica cv. Garnem. The apical shoots and nodes of this rootstock were used as explants for the stages of initiation and multiplication, and they were planted on MS medium after adding different concentrations of Active Charcoal (AC), Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP), and Benzyl adenine (BA). The shoots were planted for the purpose of rooting on MS medium containing different concentrations of salts (1/4 MS, 1/2 MS and full MS salts) with different concentrations of IBA. In the establishment phase, the apical shoots grown on medium supplied with AC were given the highest response rate, the highest average length of plantlet, and the highest number of leaves. The best multiplication of explants in terms of the number of shoots and their length were obtained when cultivated on a medium supplemented with BA at 1 and 2 mg.L-1, whereas the application of BA at 1 mg. L-1 to the cultivated nodes gave the highest number of leaves. The best rooting percent was obtained when plantlets were s treated with 2 mg. L-1 was applied to 1/4 MS medium. The highest number of roots was obtained from plantlets grown in 1/2 MS medium treated with IBA at 3 mg.L-1, whereas the longest root was obtained from plantlets grown in 1/2 MS medium treated with 1 mg.L-1IBA.
该研究旨在为桃 Prunus persica cv. Garnem 的砧木找到准确的繁殖方案。该砧木的顶端嫩枝和节被用作萌发和繁殖阶段的外植体，它们被种植在添加了不同浓度的活性炭（AC）、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）和苄基腺嘌呤（BA）的 MS 培养基上。在含有不同浓度盐分（1/4 MS 盐分、1/2 MS 盐分和全 MS 盐分）和不同浓度 IBA 的 MS 培养基上种植嫩枝，目的是使其生根。在生根阶段，在含有 AC 的培养基上生长的顶芽反应率最高、小植株平均长度最高、叶片数最多。在添加了 1 和 2 mg.L-1 BA 的培养基上培养的外植体在芽的数量和长度方面的繁殖率最高，而在 1 mg.L-1 的培养基上添加 BA 的外植体在芽的数量和长度方面的繁殖率最低，而在 1 mg.L-1 的培养基上添加 IBA 的外植体在芽的数量和长度方面的繁殖率最低。而在培养节上施用 1 mg.L-1 的 BA，叶片数量最多。在 1/4 MS 培养基中添加 2 mg.L-1 BA 处理的小植株生根率最高。L-1 的培养基时，生根率最高。在用 3 mg.L-1 的 IBA 处理过的 1/2 MS 培养基中生长的植株生根数最多，而在用 1 mg.L-1IBA 处理过的 1/2 MS 培养基中生长的植株生根最长。
{"title":"Processing browning and increasing multiplication and rotting of Peach rootstock cv. Garnem by using antioxidants and plant growth regulators in vitro","authors":"Sarah Ali Muhammad Al-Hayany, A. A. Obaid","doi":"10.36077/kjas/2024/v16i2.10942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2024/v16i2.10942","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to find an accurate propagation program for the rootstock of peach Prunus persica cv. Garnem. The apical shoots and nodes of this rootstock were used as explants for the stages of initiation and multiplication, and they were planted on MS medium after adding different concentrations of Active Charcoal (AC), Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP), and Benzyl adenine (BA). The shoots were planted for the purpose of rooting on MS medium containing different concentrations of salts (1/4 MS, 1/2 MS and full MS salts) with different concentrations of IBA. In the establishment phase, the apical shoots grown on medium supplied with AC were given the highest response rate, the highest average length of plantlet, and the highest number of leaves. The best multiplication of explants in terms of the number of shoots and their length were obtained when cultivated on a medium supplemented with BA at 1 and 2 mg.L-1, whereas the application of BA at 1 mg. L-1 to the cultivated nodes gave the highest number of leaves. The best rooting percent was obtained when plantlets were s treated with 2 mg. L-1 was applied to 1/4 MS medium. The highest number of roots was obtained from plantlets grown in 1/2 MS medium treated with IBA at 3 mg.L-1, whereas the longest root was obtained from plantlets grown in 1/2 MS medium treated with 1 mg.L-1IBA.","PeriodicalId":254783,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141358929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i2.3632
Karrar Mohammed Hussein Al-Hamadani, F. A. Sabit
An experiment was conducted to use A.flavus filtrate in treating different stages of C.maculatus (eggs, larvae, pupae) after diluting it with sterile distilled water at concentrations 30%, 50%, 70% directly to calculate the killing rates after (1, 3, 5) days After treatment, the best results of egg inhibition were in the fifth day, with rates reaching 36.9, 53.7 and 83.87% respectively, and the best results of killing larvae were in the 3rd, 5th, and 5th day, respectively, with rates reaching 50.33, 80.47and 93.93% respectively, and the best results were Killing of the pupa in the 5th, 5th, and 5th day respectively, with rates that reached 63.50, 86.93and 96.97% respectively, and the best results of killing for adults were in the 3rd, 5th, and5th days respectively, with rates that reached 43.73, 90.83, and 93.93% respectively. The best results of killing were in the 1th, 3th, and 5th day respectively on adults of C. maculatus via the indirect method, as the highest killing rates were at the concentration of 70% and reached 56.83, 60.36 and 67.1% respectively, The best results were on the amount of laying eggs from an adult C. maculatus and by direct and indirect spraying on females. The results showed that the lowest rate of laying eggs for one female after three days of mating was zero eggs/female with a concentration of 70% compared to the indirect method which reached to 24.13 eggs/female.
{"title":"Effect of Aspergillus flavus filtrate on different stages of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius.) (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera) on Broad beans","authors":"Karrar Mohammed Hussein Al-Hamadani, F. A. Sabit","doi":"10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i2.3632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i2.3632","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted to use A.flavus filtrate in treating different stages of C.maculatus (eggs, larvae, pupae) after diluting it with sterile distilled water at concentrations 30%, 50%, 70% directly to calculate the killing rates after (1, 3, 5) days After treatment, the best results of egg inhibition were in the fifth day, with rates reaching 36.9, 53.7 and 83.87% respectively, and the best results of killing larvae were in the 3rd, 5th, and 5th day, respectively, with rates reaching 50.33, 80.47and 93.93% respectively, and the best results were Killing of the pupa in the 5th, 5th, and 5th day respectively, with rates that reached 63.50, 86.93and 96.97% respectively, and the best results of killing for adults were in the 3rd, 5th, and5th days respectively, with rates that reached 43.73, 90.83, and 93.93% respectively. The best results of killing were in the 1th, 3th, and 5th day respectively on adults of C. maculatus via the indirect method, as the highest killing rates were at the concentration of 70% and reached 56.83, 60.36 and 67.1% respectively, The best results were on the amount of laying eggs from an adult C. maculatus and by direct and indirect spraying on females. The results showed that the lowest rate of laying eggs for one female after three days of mating was zero eggs/female with a concentration of 70% compared to the indirect method which reached to 24.13 eggs/female.","PeriodicalId":254783,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":" 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138620219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i2.3662
Afrah Denar Hadi, M. M. Dewan, T. M. Taha
The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions, in the insect lab at the College of Science for Girls / University of Kufa in 2021.In order to test the effect of extracts, regular and nano-oil of cinnamon, Cinnamomum zeylanicu, turmeric Curcuma longa and Elettaria cardamomum on the eggs and larvae of the third phase of date moth. Where the three nano-oils excelled on mortality eggs, where the mortality rate of eggs was 100% compared to the regular oil and the boiled extract. The nano-oils were also missed in mortality rate of the third phase larvae after 72 treatments. The Nano cinnamon oil was excelled in mortality larvae, where the mortality rate was 94.4%, compared to “turmeric nano oil and nano cardamom oil, respectively, as it reached 89.2 and 61.8% at 2% concentration. Keywords: plant extracts, essential oils, nano oils, Ephestia Cautella.
{"title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of the boiled extract, regular and nano oil of some medicinal plants and their effect on the eggs and larvae of the third phase of date moth Ephestia Cautella (Walk.) (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) in laboratory conditions","authors":"Afrah Denar Hadi, M. M. Dewan, T. M. Taha","doi":"10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i2.3662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i2.3662","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions, in the insect lab at the College of Science for Girls / University of Kufa in 2021.In order to test the effect of extracts, regular and nano-oil of cinnamon, Cinnamomum zeylanicu, turmeric Curcuma longa and Elettaria cardamomum on the eggs and larvae of the third phase of date moth. Where the three nano-oils excelled on mortality eggs, where the mortality rate of eggs was 100% compared to the regular oil and the boiled extract. The nano-oils were also missed in mortality rate of the third phase larvae after 72 treatments. The Nano cinnamon oil was excelled in mortality larvae, where the mortality rate was 94.4%, compared to “turmeric nano oil and nano cardamom oil, respectively, as it reached 89.2 and 61.8% at 2% concentration. \u0000Keywords: plant extracts, essential oils, nano oils, Ephestia Cautella.","PeriodicalId":254783,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138614732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i2.10325
Y. Hammo, Jwan I. Saleem
This study was conducted during the period from 23rd September 2021 to 1st May 2022 in Horticulture stations / Akre / Iraqi Kurdistan region, amid to scheduled the flower production of Chrysanthemum (Dendrathema grandiflora Tzvelev), by use the supplemental light with (Natural day, 1.5-month, 3-month) treatment, and BA with 0, 200 and 400 mg.l-1 and two cultivars Avalon (pink) and Flirt (red). The best results include, use 3-month of supplemental light significantly increased the day to flower bud, days to anthesis to 143.36, 201.10 day respectively compared with 1.5 month which need 119.61 , 175.02 day and control which need 49.28, 78.31day for the two characteristics respectively this mean that 3-month delay the flower production by 122.79 day than control, Plant high, the flower grade and Plant growth index also increased significantly with increased the supplemental light to 1.5 and 3-month compared with control. spray Chrysanthemum with BA increased significantly the day to flower bud emergence, vase life and flower grade compared with control. the Flirt (red) cultivar significantly superior than Avalon (pink) in day flower bud emergence, day flowering anthesis, plant high and flower grade. Key Words: supplemental light, benzyl adenine, cultivars, chrysanthemum
{"title":"Effect of supplemental light, benzyl adenine (BA) on the growth and flowering of two cultivar of Chrysanthemum plant (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev)","authors":"Y. Hammo, Jwan I. Saleem","doi":"10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i2.10325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i2.10325","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 This study was conducted during the period from 23rd September 2021 to 1st May 2022 in Horticulture stations / Akre / Iraqi Kurdistan region, amid to scheduled the flower production of Chrysanthemum (Dendrathema grandiflora Tzvelev), by use the supplemental light with (Natural day, 1.5-month, 3-month) treatment, and BA with 0, 200 and 400 mg.l-1 and two cultivars Avalon (pink) and Flirt (red). The best results include, use 3-month of supplemental light significantly increased the day to flower bud, days to anthesis to 143.36, 201.10 day respectively compared with 1.5 month which need 119.61 , 175.02 day and control which need 49.28, 78.31day for the two characteristics respectively this mean that 3-month delay the flower production by 122.79 day than control, Plant high, the flower grade and Plant growth index also increased significantly with increased the supplemental light to 1.5 and 3-month compared with control. spray Chrysanthemum with BA increased significantly the day to flower bud emergence, vase life and flower grade compared with control. the Flirt (red) cultivar significantly superior than Avalon (pink) in day flower bud emergence, day flowering anthesis, plant high and flower grade.\u0000Key Words: supplemental light, benzyl adenine, cultivars, chrysanthemum","PeriodicalId":254783,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138611831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i2.10356
Ali Salman Abbas, Wissam Adnan R. Aljuaifari
The study was conducted in the Molecular Biology Laboratory - Department of Plant Protection - Faculty of Agriculture - University of Kufa during 2020-2021 to evaluate the possibility of producing a biocide from Bacillus spp. B. firmus, B. cereus. and B. simplex. The results of manufacturing bionematicide from these bacteria showed that the three species did not differ in their growth on the same compost medium (palm fronds, rice residues, wheat residues), while the growth of each Bacillus spp. differed from other species on different culture media. The palm frond medium, regardless of the type of bacteria, was the least favorable and did not support many bacterial populations, and allowed no more than 83*108 CFU. Whereas the bacterial colonies ranged from 219*108 CFU to 254*108 CFU on fermented wheat residues, with a slight difference from rice residues, which led to bacterial colonies of 198*108 CFU to 214*108 CFU. In the case of carriers used for the biocide, preparation using sand was always better than with calcium sulfate. The effect of packing materials (plastic bags, paper bags, or plastic containers) on the efficiency and vitality of bacteria in the biocide content was also evaluated. It is noted that the highest bacterial colonies, which ranged from 267 to 253 *108 CFU, in the case of using plastic containers significantly differed from storing in paper bags (233-230*108 CFU) and plastic bags (235 -216 *108 CFU), after 15 days of storage in laboratory conditions. However, the viability and effectiveness of the prepared biocide decreased with the increase of storage periods to 30, 60, and 90 days, regardless of the type of bacteria.
{"title":"The possibility of manufacturing a biocidal of Bacillus spp. and their growth on different fermented media","authors":"Ali Salman Abbas, Wissam Adnan R. Aljuaifari","doi":"10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i2.10356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i2.10356","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in the Molecular Biology Laboratory - Department of Plant Protection - Faculty of Agriculture - University of Kufa during 2020-2021 to evaluate the possibility of producing a biocide from Bacillus spp. B. firmus, B. cereus. and B. simplex. The results of manufacturing bionematicide from these bacteria showed that the three species did not differ in their growth on the same compost medium (palm fronds, rice residues, wheat residues), while the growth of each Bacillus spp. differed from other species on different culture media. The palm frond medium, regardless of the type of bacteria, was the least favorable and did not support many bacterial populations, and allowed no more than 83*108 CFU. Whereas the bacterial colonies ranged from 219*108 CFU to 254*108 CFU on fermented wheat residues, with a slight difference from rice residues, which led to bacterial colonies of 198*108 CFU to 214*108 CFU. In the case of carriers used for the biocide, preparation using sand was always better than with calcium sulfate. The effect of packing materials (plastic bags, paper bags, or plastic containers) on the efficiency and vitality of bacteria in the biocide content was also evaluated. It is noted that the highest bacterial colonies, which ranged from 267 to 253 *108 CFU, in the case of using plastic containers significantly differed from storing in paper bags (233-230*108 CFU) and plastic bags (235 -216 *108 CFU), after 15 days of storage in laboratory conditions. However, the viability and effectiveness of the prepared biocide decreased with the increase of storage periods to 30, 60, and 90 days, regardless of the type of bacteria.","PeriodicalId":254783,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":" 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138614097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i2.3679
Adeeb K Al-Shafiee, Jamal H. Kadhim
This study aimed to test the effect of the physical factor (UV-C) in degrading of insecticide Flash residue in wheat seeds and the soil post-harvest. As for the field experiments with regard to Flash residual in the soil, the results showed that the highest concentration of the insecticide was 3.10 ppm in the seeds produced from plants treated with Flash only, while the lowest concentration (below the detectable level) was in the wheat seeds from plants sprayed with UV-C treated Flash. As for the residual in the soil, the highest active compound concentration was 12.50 ppm appeared in the uncultivated soil treated with Flash untreated, compared to the lowest residual concentration (0.00) ppm was in soil planted with wheat plants treated with UV-C treated Flash. Findings also showed that the best exposure period to the UV-C was 20mn
{"title":"Detection of post-harvest insecticide Flash 10% EC residues in wheat seeds and soil after its degradation by the UV-C","authors":"Adeeb K Al-Shafiee, Jamal H. Kadhim","doi":"10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i2.3679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i2.3679","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to test the effect of the physical factor (UV-C) in degrading of insecticide Flash residue in wheat seeds and the soil post-harvest. As for the field experiments with regard to Flash residual in the soil, the results showed that the highest concentration of the insecticide was 3.10 ppm in the seeds produced from plants treated with Flash only, while the lowest concentration (below the detectable level) was in the wheat seeds from plants sprayed with UV-C treated Flash. As for the residual in the soil, the highest active compound concentration was 12.50 ppm appeared in the uncultivated soil treated with Flash untreated, compared to the lowest residual concentration (0.00) ppm was in soil planted with wheat plants treated with UV-C treated Flash. Findings also showed that the best exposure period to the UV-C was 20mn ","PeriodicalId":254783,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"36 5‐6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138626048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i2.12142
Gunalan Chandrasekaran, Jeyarani Subramanian, M. Marimuthu
Invasive whitefly species in coconut plantations have become a matter of concern in the last half a decade as they cause direct and indirect infestation on the palms. The Rugose spiralling whitefly (RSW), Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin infestation was high on Cocos nucifera L. (coconut) followed by Dypsis lutescens (H. Wendl.) (Butterfly palm) and Annona squamosa L. (custard apple). The coconut varieties Malayan Yellow Dwarf and Chowghat Orange Dwarf were observed with higher infestation index while that of West coast tall was the lowest. Higher RSW parasitization levels were observed on Musa paradisiaca L. (banana) and Canna indica L. (Indian shot), with 85.96 and 71.59% parasitization, respectively. Identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) between healthy and RSW-infested coconut plants revealed the emission of 56 VOCs from the healthy coconut plant and 47 VOCs from RSW infested plant. 22 VOCs were common in both samples, and 25 VOCs were unique to RSW-infested coconut plants. The presence of 42 VOCs was identified from the headspace extracts of RSW-infested bananas. Differences in the VOCs emitted from RSW-infested banana and coconut plants revealed higher emission of terpenoids like β-Caryophyllene, (E, Z)-2,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-Octatriene, Humulene, α-Pinene, Farnesane, α-Copaene and β-cis-Ocimene from RSW infested banana plants that proved to be more attractive to the parasitoid. Identifying specific blends of volatile compounds influencing Encarsia guadeloupae Viggiani could help to augment the parasitotic for RSW management in coconut plantations.
{"title":"Volatile blooms of Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin infested coconut and banana leaves attracting parasitoid Encarsia guadeloupae Viggiani","authors":"Gunalan Chandrasekaran, Jeyarani Subramanian, M. Marimuthu","doi":"10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i2.12142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i2.12142","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive whitefly species in coconut plantations have become a matter of concern in the last half a decade as they cause direct and indirect infestation on the palms. The Rugose spiralling whitefly (RSW), Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin infestation was high on Cocos nucifera L. (coconut) followed by Dypsis lutescens (H. Wendl.) (Butterfly palm) and Annona squamosa L. (custard apple). The coconut varieties Malayan Yellow Dwarf and Chowghat Orange Dwarf were observed with higher infestation index while that of West coast tall was the lowest. Higher RSW parasitization levels were observed on Musa paradisiaca L. (banana) and Canna indica L. (Indian shot), with 85.96 and 71.59% parasitization, respectively. Identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) between healthy and RSW-infested coconut plants revealed the emission of 56 VOCs from the healthy coconut plant and 47 VOCs from RSW infested plant. 22 VOCs were common in both samples, and 25 VOCs were unique to RSW-infested coconut plants. The presence of 42 VOCs was identified from the headspace extracts of RSW-infested bananas. Differences in the VOCs emitted from RSW-infested banana and coconut plants revealed higher emission of terpenoids like β-Caryophyllene, (E, Z)-2,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-Octatriene, Humulene, α-Pinene, Farnesane, α-Copaene and β-cis-Ocimene from RSW infested banana plants that proved to be more attractive to the parasitoid. Identifying specific blends of volatile compounds influencing Encarsia guadeloupae Viggiani could help to augment the parasitotic for RSW management in coconut plantations.","PeriodicalId":254783,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":" 0","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138611115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i2.10391
Afrah Abdulzahraa Aljassani, M. T. Al-Esawy, R. S. Augul
This study was carried out in the bee laboratory in the Faculty of Agriculture –University of Kufa in September 2021 to evaluate some protein sources and hive products against the oriental hornet Vespa orientalis Linnaeus 1771 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). The food sources included: beef meat, gut fish, beef lung, honeybee, wax, propolis, pollen, bee worker, and water, in addition to control which was an empty petri dish. The number of visits and their duration were calculated. The results showed that the wasps preferred bee honey and wax significantly higher than the rest of the stimuli.
{"title":"The effect of some food sources and hive products on the oriental hornet Vespa orientalis Linnaeus 1771 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)","authors":"Afrah Abdulzahraa Aljassani, M. T. Al-Esawy, R. S. Augul","doi":"10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i2.10391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i2.10391","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out in the bee laboratory in the Faculty of Agriculture –University of Kufa in September 2021 to evaluate some protein sources and hive products against the oriental hornet Vespa orientalis Linnaeus 1771 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). The food sources included: beef meat, gut fish, beef lung, honeybee, wax, propolis, pollen, bee worker, and water, in addition to control which was an empty petri dish. The number of visits and their duration were calculated. The results showed that the wasps preferred bee honey and wax significantly higher than the rest of the stimuli.","PeriodicalId":254783,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":" 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138616181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i2.10426
Abrar Moneam Almoussawi, G. B. Al-Abbasi
Citrus aurantifolia rootstock seedlings were treated with Seaweed extracts and copper sulfate. Seaweed extracts were added as a ground feed during the growing season at four levels (0, 10, 20, and 30 ml. seedling-1) and copper sulfate sprayed at four concentrations (15,10,5, 0 ml. L-1) alone or in combination with the control (watering with water only) during the growing seasons 2020-2021. The results showed that the treatment of seedlings grafted on rootstock aurantifolia with Seaweed extracts and spraying with copper sulfate affected (height, stem diameter, area Leaf, root length, and chlorophyll content of leaves (the results also showed that the addition of Seaweed extracts at a concentration of 30 ml overlapping with copper sulfate spraying at a concentration of 15 ml. L-1 is recommended to improve the vegetative, root and nutritional growth of lemon citrus seedlings.
以紫菜提取物和硫酸铜处理金叶柑桔砧木幼苗为研究对象。在2020-2021年的生长季节，以4种浓度(0、10、20和30 ml.幼苗-1)添加海藻提取物作为地面饲料，并以4种浓度(15、10、5、0 ml. L-1)单独喷洒硫酸铜或与对照(仅用水浇水)联合喷洒。结果表明，用紫菜提取物和硫酸铜喷施对嫁接在桔梗砧木上的幼苗的株高、茎粗、叶面积、根长和叶片叶绿素含量均有影响(结果还表明，添加浓度为30 ml的紫菜提取物与浓度为15 ml L-1的硫酸铜重叠喷施可改善柠檬柑橘幼苗的营养、根系和营养生长。
{"title":"Effect of fertilization of Seaweed extracts and CuSO4 on some vegetative growth indicators of Citrus limon L. grafted seedlings on rootstock aurantifolia","authors":"Abrar Moneam Almoussawi, G. B. Al-Abbasi","doi":"10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i2.10426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i2.10426","url":null,"abstract":"Citrus aurantifolia rootstock seedlings were treated with Seaweed extracts and copper sulfate. Seaweed extracts were added as a ground feed during the growing season at four levels (0, 10, 20, and 30 ml. seedling-1) and copper sulfate sprayed at four concentrations (15,10,5, 0 ml. L-1) alone or in combination with the control (watering with water only) during the growing seasons 2020-2021. The results showed that the treatment of seedlings grafted on rootstock aurantifolia with Seaweed extracts and spraying with copper sulfate affected (height, stem diameter, area Leaf, root length, and chlorophyll content of leaves (the results also showed that the addition of Seaweed extracts at a concentration of 30 ml overlapping with copper sulfate spraying at a concentration of 15 ml. L-1 is recommended to improve the vegetative, root and nutritional growth of lemon citrus seedlings.","PeriodicalId":254783,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138617105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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