Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i1.10334
Ahmed Abd Ali. Hamid, Abdul Rahman A. Alsabbagh
Factorial experiment under randomized complete block design with three replication was conducted in field in collage of Agricultural Engineering Science – University of Baghdad in 2022, for study effect of two types of moldboard slatted and general purpose in some physical properties under two depths of tillage 15 and 25 cm and two speeds of tractor 4.146 and 7.224 km/hr. Slatted moldboard recorded least (best) number of clods > 10 cm 4.58 clod/m2, soil bulk density 1.259 g/cm3, higher porosity 52.48 % and higher volume of disturbed soil 804.14 m3/h. Depth of tillage 25 cm got higher volume of disturbed soil 967.21 m3/h. Depth 15 cm got lower number of clods > 10 cm 4.91 clod/m2, 1.209 g/cm3 and higher porosity 54.35 %. Speed of tractor 7.224 km/h got higher volume of disturbed soil 983.79 m3/ h and least number of clods > 10 cm 7.50 clod/m2. Speed of tractor 4.146 km/h got least bulk density 1.259 g/cm3 and best porosity 52.48 %. No significant interaction speed tractor with moldboard types in bulk density and porosity. The rest of all interactions were significant.
{"title":"Effect of Moldboard types, Two depths of Tillage and Two speeds of Tractor in some Physical Properties and Pulverization of Soil","authors":"Ahmed Abd Ali. Hamid, Abdul Rahman A. Alsabbagh","doi":"10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i1.10334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i1.10334","url":null,"abstract":"Factorial experiment under randomized complete block design with three replication was conducted in field in collage of Agricultural Engineering Science – University of Baghdad in 2022, for study effect of two types of moldboard slatted and general purpose in some physical properties under two depths of tillage 15 and 25 cm and two speeds of tractor 4.146 and 7.224 km/hr. Slatted moldboard recorded least (best) number of clods > 10 cm 4.58 clod/m2, soil bulk density 1.259 g/cm3, higher porosity 52.48 % and higher volume of disturbed soil 804.14 m3/h. Depth of tillage 25 cm got higher volume of disturbed soil 967.21 m3/h. Depth 15 cm got lower number of clods > 10 cm 4.91 clod/m2, 1.209 g/cm3 and higher porosity 54.35 %. Speed of tractor 7.224 km/h got higher volume of disturbed soil 983.79 m3/ h and least number of clods > 10 cm 7.50 clod/m2. Speed of tractor 4.146 km/h got least bulk density 1.259 g/cm3 and best porosity 52.48 %. No significant interaction speed tractor with moldboard types in bulk density and porosity. The rest of all interactions were significant.","PeriodicalId":254783,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"29 3 Suppl 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116569003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i1.10277
Bayan Z. Abdulkareem, Y. Abdulrahman
This study was carried out in Pirmam,, Erbil Governorate - Iraq for two years, from 15 March 2020 to 15 March 2021 in the spring season and from 15 September2020 to 15 September 2021 in the autumn season, to study the responses of three turf grass genera, includingermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L. var. cd4), Tall fescue grass (Festuca arrundaceae L. var. Barleroy) and Creeping bent grass (Agrostis palustris) cultivated by seeds to two shading levels of 0 and 75% and sprayed with three paclobutrazol concentrations at 0, 750 and 1500 mg. l-1. The experiment was performed by using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a split-plot design with three factors and three replications. The results showed that the shading level (0%) led to a significant increase in most studied characters like mowing number, cumulative dry weight of turf grass clipping yield, dry root weight, total chlorophyll and carbohydrate percentage and was superior to those grown under 75% shading. Both levels of shading had no significant effects on color degree and coverage percentage of the used turf grasses. It also showed that foliar spray of paclobutrazol had a significant impact on those traits. The highest values of plant density, mowing number, and cumulative dry weight of clipping yield were recorded when turf grasses were unsprayed with paclobutrazol, while the highest values of color degree, coverage percentage, total chlorophyll content, and carbohydrate percent were obtained when turf grasses were sprayed with 1500 and 750 mg.l-1 of paclobutrazol, respectively. Significant differences were shown among turf grass genera that were grown from seeds in those traits. Agrostise genus was significantly superior to other genera only in plant density, while Festuca genus was significantly superior to other genera in the rest of the other characteristics. As for triple interactions, the highest significant values for most characteristics were found in Festuca genera that were sprayed with 750 and 1500 mg.l-1 concentrations of paclobutrazol and grown in open fields.
本研究于2020年3月15日至2021年3月15日春季和2020年9月15日至2021年秋季在伊拉克埃尔比勒省Pirmam进行了为期两年的研究，以研究三种草坪草属的反应，包括沙草(Cynodon dactylon L. var. cd4)，高羊茅(Festuca arrundaceae L. var. Barleroy)和匍匐弯草(Agrostis palustris)在0和75%遮荫水平下种子栽培，喷施3种浓度分别为0、750和1500 mg的多效唑。l - 1。试验采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)，采用三因素、三个重复的分区设计。结果表明:遮荫水平(0%)显著提高了草坪刈割次数、累积干重、刈割产量、干根重、总叶绿素和碳水化合物百分比，且优于75%遮荫条件下的草坪。两种遮荫水平对使用过的草坪颜色度和覆盖度均无显著影响。叶面喷施多效唑对这些性状有显著影响。多效唑未施用时，草皮的株密度、刈割次数、累积干重和刈割产量均达到最高值;喷施1500和750 mg时，草皮的色度、盖度、总叶绿素含量和碳水化合物含量均达到最高值。多效唑的L-1。这些性状在由种子培育而成的草坪草属间存在显著差异。农草属仅在植物密度上显著优于其他属，而羊茅属在其他性状上均显著优于其他属。在三重相互作用中，750 mg和1500 mg喷施羊茅属的大多数性状的显著值最高。多效唑的L-1浓度与大田栽培的比较。
{"title":"Influence of Shading and Paclobutrazol Concentrations on Growth and Quality Characters of Three Different Turf Grasses Genera","authors":"Bayan Z. Abdulkareem, Y. Abdulrahman","doi":"10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i1.10277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i1.10277","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out in Pirmam,, Erbil Governorate - Iraq for two years, from 15 March 2020 to 15 March 2021 in the spring season and from 15 September2020 to 15 September 2021 in the autumn season, to study the responses of three turf grass genera, includingermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L. var. cd4), Tall fescue grass (Festuca arrundaceae L. var. Barleroy) and Creeping bent grass (Agrostis palustris) cultivated by seeds to two shading levels of 0 and 75% and sprayed with three paclobutrazol concentrations at 0, 750 and 1500 mg. l-1. The experiment was performed by using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a split-plot design with three factors and three replications. The results showed that the shading level (0%) led to a significant increase in most studied characters like mowing number, cumulative dry weight of turf grass clipping yield, dry root weight, total chlorophyll and carbohydrate percentage and was superior to those grown under 75% shading. Both levels of shading had no significant effects on color degree and coverage percentage of the used turf grasses. It also showed that foliar spray of paclobutrazol had a significant impact on those traits. The highest values of plant density, mowing number, and cumulative dry weight of clipping yield were recorded when turf grasses were unsprayed with paclobutrazol, while the highest values of color degree, coverage percentage, total chlorophyll content, and carbohydrate percent were obtained when turf grasses were sprayed with 1500 and 750 mg.l-1 of paclobutrazol, respectively. Significant differences were shown among turf grass genera that were grown from seeds in those traits. Agrostise genus was significantly superior to other genera only in plant density, while Festuca genus was significantly superior to other genera in the rest of the other characteristics. As for triple interactions, the highest significant values for most characteristics were found in Festuca genera that were sprayed with 750 and 1500 mg.l-1 concentrations of paclobutrazol and grown in open fields.","PeriodicalId":254783,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134591841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i1.10276
Zahraa Ryadh Hamza, A. Hammod
Current study was conducted in the poultry field of the Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa from 22/10/2021 to 25/11/2021 (35 days) to evaluate the efficiency of fermented local corn on the productive performance of broiler. 300 chicks of one day old hybrid Ross 308 with primary weight of 39g were used. Chicks were obtained from private Anwar hatchery in Babylon province then raised in closed house divided into pens with 3m2 for each and distributed randomly on 5 treatments with three replicates for each treatment (60 chicks for each treatment and 20 for each replicate). Treatments were prepared as follows: T1: Imported corn, T2; Unfermented local corn, T3; Replacing fermented local corn instead of imported corn in a ratio of 50%, T4; Replacing fermented local corn instead of imported corn in a ratio of 75% and T5; Replacing fermented local corn instead of imported corn in a ratio of 100%. The outcome indicated that fermenting local corn by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1g.kg-1 corn for 24h) was improved the nutritional value of corn particularly crude protein and fat as well as decreasing aflatoxin B1 to very low level. Replacing fermented local corn in a ratio of 50 or 75% instead of imported corn was gave close results for final body weight, total weight gain, total feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compare to imported corn. While, the results of using fermented local corn (T2) was reduced values significantly (P≤0.05) between treatments for most studied characteristics.
{"title":"Evaluate the Efficiency of Fermented local Corn by Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the Productive Performance of Broiler","authors":"Zahraa Ryadh Hamza, A. Hammod","doi":"10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i1.10276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i1.10276","url":null,"abstract":"Current study was conducted in the poultry field of the Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa from 22/10/2021 to 25/11/2021 (35 days) to evaluate the efficiency of fermented local corn on the productive performance of broiler. 300 chicks of one day old hybrid Ross 308 with primary weight of 39g were used. Chicks were obtained from private Anwar hatchery in Babylon province then raised in closed house divided into pens with 3m2 for each and distributed randomly on 5 treatments with three replicates for each treatment (60 chicks for each treatment and 20 for each replicate). Treatments were prepared as follows: T1: Imported corn, T2; Unfermented local corn, T3; Replacing fermented local corn instead of imported corn in a ratio of 50%, T4; Replacing fermented local corn instead of imported corn in a ratio of 75% and T5; Replacing fermented local corn instead of imported corn in a ratio of 100%. The outcome indicated that fermenting local corn by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1g.kg-1 corn for 24h) was improved the nutritional value of corn particularly crude protein and fat as well as decreasing aflatoxin B1 to very low level. Replacing fermented local corn in a ratio of 50 or 75% instead of imported corn was gave close results for final body weight, total weight gain, total feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compare to imported corn. While, the results of using fermented local corn (T2) was reduced values significantly (P≤0.05) between treatments for most studied characteristics.","PeriodicalId":254783,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128240022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i1.3689
N. M. Al-Gburi, Mohammed Haider Hamad, I. K. Ajam
This study was conducted in quail as a particular work for the of histopathological disorders between Sept6, 2018 Nov23, 2018 (77 days), to determine the effect of adding cinnamon alcohol extract to diets in ovulation and the fertility rate of the ovary and oviduct tissue in the quail, there are (3 treatments), and they were divided into 12 cages, each group consists of 10 males with 5 females. In the first group, quails were fed on a standard diet without any additives, while in the second treatment, 300 mg/kg of alcoholic extract of cinnamon was added to the quails’ diet, and the third treatment include the addition of 400mg.kg-1 of alcoholic cinnamon extract powder, the results of the histological study showed that the quail diet includes alcoholic cinnamon extract of additives (400 mg per kg) a physiological reproductive activity changes, ovulation and fertility rate were increased without any side effects. In conclusion, the results showed an increase in growth rate and cilia number and ciliated epithelial layer cells in their numbers and shapes in the oviduct, despite the rapid growth and rapid ovulation, unless there was no change in the shape of the egg or a change in its components.
{"title":"Effect of some Alcoholic Cinnamon Extracts in Ovulation and Fertility rate of the Ovary and Oviduct Tissue in Quail","authors":"N. M. Al-Gburi, Mohammed Haider Hamad, I. K. Ajam","doi":"10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i1.3689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i1.3689","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in quail as a particular work for the of histopathological disorders between Sept6, 2018 Nov23, 2018 (77 days), to determine the effect of adding cinnamon alcohol extract to diets in ovulation and the fertility rate of the ovary and oviduct tissue in the quail, there are (3 treatments), and they were divided into 12 cages, each group consists of 10 males with 5 females. In the first group, quails were fed on a standard diet without any additives, while in the second treatment, 300 mg/kg of alcoholic extract of cinnamon was added to the quails’ diet, and the third treatment include the addition of 400mg.kg-1 of alcoholic cinnamon extract powder, the results of the histological study showed that the quail diet includes alcoholic cinnamon extract of additives (400 mg per kg) a physiological reproductive activity changes, ovulation and fertility rate were increased without any side effects. In conclusion, the results showed an increase in growth rate and cilia number and ciliated epithelial layer cells in their numbers and shapes in the oviduct, despite the rapid growth and rapid ovulation, unless there was no change in the shape of the egg or a change in its components.","PeriodicalId":254783,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133000896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i1.10297
Muhammed Ridha Hussein Al-Mussawi, Firas Ali Ahamed
Application of Chitosan (CH) and salicylic acid (SA) in controlling the fungus Botrytis cinerea that causes gray mold on tomato fruits is a successful and safe alternative approach to chemical pesticides. Chitosan and salicylic acid were applied as Pre-harvest treatment at the concentration of 2000 mg/l and 250 mg/L under field the conditions on three different ripening stages of tomato fruits Turning, Pink, Light Red stages and to determine the best stage for application. The best concentration was determined in enhancing plant defenses against the pathogen and studying the effect of factors on the levels of some enzymes related to induction of resistance, such as peroxidase enzyme POD and PAL enzyme. The application of SA and CH had a significant effect in increasing the activity level of both enzymes, and treatment with salicylic revealed to an increase in the activity of POD enzyme in the treated plants and for the three fruit maturity stages (Turning, Pink, Light red), where the enzyme level was 17.33, 16.72 and 15.5 min /gm. The three stages of fruit ripening had an effect on increasing the activity of the POD enzyme, as it recorded 12.27, 12.12, 12.1 min/gm fresh weight, and the ripening stage affected the PAL enzyme, which was recorded at a level of 32.27, 31.53, 31.87 mg/gm fresh weight, for the three stages, respectively. Chitosan and salicylic did not differ in extending the shelf life of fruits and reducing losses depending on the rate of healthy fruits for the three stages at the end of the storage period at 25°C. Chitosan at a concentration of 2000 mg-1/L differed significantly from other concentrations in inhibiting the pathogenic fungus, as well as salicyac at a concentration of 250 mg-1/L was superior in its effectiveness compared with other concentrations. However, chitosan had a significant effect on the biofilm formation of B. cinerea, which displayed an average absorption degree of 0.53 (OD), while salicylic did not affect fungal biofilm formation, as the average absorption degree was 1.2 (OD) which did not differ from the control treatment.
{"title":"Efficacy of Chitosan and Salicylic acid for Controlling Gray mold Caused by Botrytis cinerea on Greenhouse Tomato","authors":"Muhammed Ridha Hussein Al-Mussawi, Firas Ali Ahamed","doi":"10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i1.10297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i1.10297","url":null,"abstract":"Application of Chitosan (CH) and salicylic acid (SA) in controlling the fungus Botrytis cinerea that causes gray mold on tomato fruits is a successful and safe alternative approach to chemical pesticides. Chitosan and salicylic acid were applied as Pre-harvest treatment at the concentration of 2000 mg/l and 250 mg/L under field the conditions on three different ripening stages of tomato fruits Turning, Pink, Light Red stages and to determine the best stage for application. The best concentration was determined in enhancing plant defenses against the pathogen and studying the effect of factors on the levels of some enzymes related to induction of resistance, such as peroxidase enzyme POD and PAL enzyme. The application of SA and CH had a significant effect in increasing the activity level of both enzymes, and treatment with salicylic revealed to an increase in the activity of POD enzyme in the treated plants and for the three fruit maturity stages (Turning, Pink, Light red), where the enzyme level was 17.33, 16.72 and 15.5 min /gm. The three stages of fruit ripening had an effect on increasing the activity of the POD enzyme, as it recorded 12.27, 12.12, 12.1 min/gm fresh weight, and the ripening stage affected the PAL enzyme, which was recorded at a level of 32.27, 31.53, 31.87 mg/gm fresh weight, for the three stages, respectively. Chitosan and salicylic did not differ in extending the shelf life of fruits and reducing losses depending on the rate of healthy fruits for the three stages at the end of the storage period at 25°C. Chitosan at a concentration of 2000 mg-1/L differed significantly from other concentrations in inhibiting the pathogenic fungus, as well as salicyac at a concentration of 250 mg-1/L was superior in its effectiveness compared with other concentrations. However, chitosan had a significant effect on the biofilm formation of B. cinerea, which displayed an average absorption degree of 0.53 (OD), while salicylic did not affect fungal biofilm formation, as the average absorption degree was 1.2 (OD) which did not differ from the control treatment.","PeriodicalId":254783,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116946214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.36077/kjas/2022/v14i2.3687
A. Najim, Athraa Harjan Muhsen
This research was conducted to study the effect of some nutrients on the growth and production of vitamin B12 by Lactobacillus genus L.rhamnosus, when their ability to produce vitamin B12 was tested under different conditions. The results indicate that a pH of 7 is optimal for vitamin B12 production by the bacteria L.rhamnosus and it was found that the optimum incubation temperature for the production of vitamin B12 ranged between 30 - 35 °C, with regard to the effect of the incubation period on the biological activity and productivity of vitamin B12. The results showed that 3 days was the best in the production of vitamin B12. The results also showed that adding the lowest concentration of cobalt chloride gave a high productivity of the vitamin compared to the highest added concentrations and that the best carbon source was sucrose among the three carbon sources that included glucose, fructose, and sucrose, and the results of the study showed that the best nitrogen source It is was peptone compared to yeast extract, which gave the highest production of the vitamin B12.
{"title":"Optimal conditions for vitamin B12 production from","authors":"A. Najim, Athraa Harjan Muhsen","doi":"10.36077/kjas/2022/v14i2.3687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2022/v14i2.3687","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted to study the effect of some nutrients on the growth and production of vitamin B12 by Lactobacillus genus L.rhamnosus, when their ability to produce vitamin B12 was tested under different conditions. The results indicate that a pH of 7 is optimal for vitamin B12 production by the bacteria L.rhamnosus and it was found that the optimum incubation temperature for the production of vitamin B12 ranged between 30 - 35 °C, with regard to the effect of the incubation period on the biological activity and productivity of vitamin B12. The results showed that 3 days was the best in the production of vitamin B12. The results also showed that adding the lowest concentration of cobalt chloride gave a high productivity of the vitamin compared to the highest added concentrations and that the best carbon source was sucrose among the three carbon sources that included glucose, fructose, and sucrose, and the results of the study showed that the best nitrogen source It is was peptone compared to yeast extract, which gave the highest production of the vitamin B12.","PeriodicalId":254783,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122375415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.36077/kjas/2022/v14i2.3842
S. Salih, Fakhraddin Mustafa Hamasalih
This study was conducted during the 2020-2021 growing season at orchard of Horticulture Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Bakrajo, Iraqi Kurdistan Region, in order to investigate the effects of artificial pollination, boron application, and cultivar on some fruit quality and quantity of olive. Six selective pollinizers (Arbequina, Ashrasi, Hojiblanca, Picual, K18, Kaissy) in addition to self and air-pollination, two boron levels (0 and 200 mg.L-1) as well as two main cultivars (Sourani and Khadrawi) were used. Results showed that cultivars are relatively self-incompatible while cultivar, pollinizer, and boron recorded significant differences with regard to some studied parameters. Sourani Cultivar gave the highest percentage of final fruit set (1.96 %), self-incompatibility index (0.59), fruit weight (2.64 g), fruit volume (2.51cm3), oil content percentage (38.81%), soluble sugar content (185.74 μg/g DW), while the lowest fruit dropping (13.56%), and the lowest acidity value (0.46%). Besides, the highest values of boron content (10.587%) were obtained Sourani cultivar. Boron sprayed with 200 mg.L-1 achieved the highest values of all studied parameters. Moreover, Arbequina, Ashrasi, and Picual pollinizers gave the best results. The dual interactions of the factors revealed that Sourani and 200 mg.L-1 boron, the two cultivars (Sourani and Khadrawi) with Arbequina, Ashrasi, Picual and Hojiblanca pollinizers, and 200 mg.L-1 boron with Arbequina, Ashrasi, Picual and Hojiblanca pollinizers gave the best results. Additionally, triple interactions of the factors indicated that the combination of the two cultivars, 200 mg.L-1 boron and Arbequina, Ashrasi, Picual and Hojiblanca pollinizers, demonstrated the best significant results.
{"title":"Effect of Supplemental Pollination, Boron Spray and Cultivar on Fruit Quality and Quantity of Olive (Olea europaea L.)","authors":"S. Salih, Fakhraddin Mustafa Hamasalih","doi":"10.36077/kjas/2022/v14i2.3842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2022/v14i2.3842","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted during the 2020-2021 growing season at orchard of Horticulture Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Bakrajo, Iraqi Kurdistan Region, in order to investigate the effects of artificial pollination, boron application, and cultivar on some fruit quality and quantity of olive. Six selective pollinizers (Arbequina, Ashrasi, Hojiblanca, Picual, K18, Kaissy) in addition to self and air-pollination, two boron levels (0 and 200 mg.L-1) as well as two main cultivars (Sourani and Khadrawi) were used. Results showed that cultivars are relatively self-incompatible while cultivar, pollinizer, and boron recorded significant differences with regard to some studied parameters. Sourani Cultivar gave the highest percentage of final fruit set (1.96 %), self-incompatibility index (0.59), fruit weight (2.64 g), fruit volume (2.51cm3), oil content percentage (38.81%), soluble sugar content (185.74 μg/g DW), while the lowest fruit dropping (13.56%), and the lowest acidity value (0.46%). Besides, the highest values of boron content (10.587%) were obtained Sourani cultivar. Boron sprayed with 200 mg.L-1 achieved the highest values of all studied parameters. Moreover, Arbequina, Ashrasi, and Picual pollinizers gave the best results. The dual interactions of the factors revealed that Sourani and 200 mg.L-1 boron, the two cultivars (Sourani and Khadrawi) with Arbequina, Ashrasi, Picual and Hojiblanca pollinizers, and 200 mg.L-1 boron with Arbequina, Ashrasi, Picual and Hojiblanca pollinizers gave the best results. Additionally, triple interactions of the factors indicated that the combination of the two cultivars, 200 mg.L-1 boron and Arbequina, Ashrasi, Picual and Hojiblanca pollinizers, demonstrated the best significant results.","PeriodicalId":254783,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133075985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.36077/kjas/2022/v14i2.3669
Jihad Y. Hasan, B. Khushaba, Y. Hammo
This study was conducted in the plastic house - Nursery of the Duhok University - Duhok governorate-Kurdistan region-Iraq from the period 10th Apr. 2021 to 10th Jan. 2022. This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplemental light (light and without light), pinching (pinching and without pinching) and number of plants per pot (2, 3, and 4) plants/pot on the growth and flowering of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) plant. The results showed that supplemental light for one month delayed the flower bud emergence (223.08) days, and flower anthesis (241.58) days compared with the control (without supplemental light) that gave (198.83, 218.44) days for the two characteristics respectively. Further, supplemental light gave the best results for flower length, flower diameter, flower number, and vase life compared to (without supplemental light). Pinching delayed the flower bud emergence and decreased the plant high, growth index, flower diameter, and vase life of cut flower significantly while it significantly increased the flower diameter and vasa life. Increasing the number of plants per pot to 4 plants caused a significant increment in flower number (8.25) compared with 2 plants which gave 5.64 plants/pot. The triple interaction showed significant differences in all characteristics and number of days to flower bud emergence and flower anthesis were the highest mean for the supplemental light with or without the pinch and 2 plants/pot. Also, the best plant height (72.33) cm and growth index (26761) cm3 were recorded without supplemental light, without pinch with 2 plants/pot. However, the maximum vase life of 26.33 days was found from the interaction of supplemental light, pinch, and 2 plants/pot.
{"title":"Effect of supplemental light, pinching, and number of plants per pot on the growth and flowering of chrysanthemum plant (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev)","authors":"Jihad Y. Hasan, B. Khushaba, Y. Hammo","doi":"10.36077/kjas/2022/v14i2.3669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2022/v14i2.3669","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in the plastic house - Nursery of the Duhok University - Duhok governorate-Kurdistan region-Iraq from the period 10th Apr. 2021 to 10th Jan. 2022. This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplemental light (light and without light), pinching (pinching and without pinching) and number of plants per pot (2, 3, and 4) plants/pot on the growth and flowering of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) plant. The results showed that supplemental light for one month delayed the flower bud emergence (223.08) days, and flower anthesis (241.58) days compared with the control (without supplemental light) that gave (198.83, 218.44) days for the two characteristics respectively. Further, supplemental light gave the best results for flower length, flower diameter, flower number, and vase life compared to (without supplemental light). Pinching delayed the flower bud emergence and decreased the plant high, growth index, flower diameter, and vase life of cut flower significantly while it significantly increased the flower diameter and vasa life. Increasing the number of plants per pot to 4 plants caused a significant increment in flower number (8.25) compared with 2 plants which gave 5.64 plants/pot. The triple interaction showed significant differences in all characteristics and number of days to flower bud emergence and flower anthesis were the highest mean for the supplemental light with or without the pinch and 2 plants/pot. Also, the best plant height (72.33) cm and growth index (26761) cm3 were recorded without supplemental light, without pinch with 2 plants/pot. However, the maximum vase life of 26.33 days was found from the interaction of supplemental light, pinch, and 2 plants/pot.","PeriodicalId":254783,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115309009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.36077/kjas/2022/v14i2.3756
Eva Hikmat Hama Rashid, Fakhraddin M. Hama-salih
This study was carried out on 15 years old trees of two Syrian olives (Olea europaea L.) cultivars Sorani and Khadrawi during 2020-2021 growing season at research orchard, of Horticulture department / College of Agricultural Engineering sciences, University of Sulaimani, Iraqi Kurdistan region. Humic and salicylic acids foliar application with three levels (0, 2000 and 4000 ppm) and (0, 750 and 1500 ppm) were applied respectively (before and after full bloom as well as at fruit set). The parameters annual shoot length, fruit set percentage, fruit weight, fruit volume, oil content in fruit and leaf (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) content were studied, and the results showed that cultivar had significant effects on all studied parameters except (fruit weight and fruit volume). Maximum concentration of humic acid (4000ppm) recorded maximum values in all parameters compared to the other concentrations, and also had significant effects on all parameters. Except (fruit volume) all parameters be affected significantly by salicylic acid application.
{"title":"Effect of Humic and Salicylic Acids Foliar Application on Vegetative Growth and Fruit Quality of Olive (c.v Sorani and Khadrawi)","authors":"Eva Hikmat Hama Rashid, Fakhraddin M. Hama-salih","doi":"10.36077/kjas/2022/v14i2.3756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2022/v14i2.3756","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out on 15 years old trees of two Syrian olives (Olea europaea L.) cultivars Sorani and Khadrawi during 2020-2021 growing season at research orchard, of Horticulture department / College of Agricultural Engineering sciences, University of Sulaimani, Iraqi Kurdistan region. Humic and salicylic acids foliar application with three levels (0, 2000 and 4000 ppm) and (0, 750 and 1500 ppm) were applied respectively (before and after full bloom as well as at fruit set). The parameters annual shoot length, fruit set percentage, fruit weight, fruit volume, oil content in fruit and leaf (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) content were studied, and the results showed that cultivar had significant effects on all studied parameters except (fruit weight and fruit volume). Maximum concentration of humic acid (4000ppm) recorded maximum values in all parameters compared to the other concentrations, and also had significant effects on all parameters. Except (fruit volume) all parameters be affected significantly by salicylic acid application.","PeriodicalId":254783,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"43 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114038911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.36077/kjas/2022/v14i2.1982
Husham Khudhur, M. Abdulhussein
This study was conducted to examine the effect of adding different concentrations of nano silver nitrate (0, 5, 10 and 15 mg L-1) and zinc source {traditional(0.86mg L-1 as ZnSO4.7H2O) and nano zinc 0.086mg L-1 as Zinc oxide) to the specifies medium of rooting strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch) cv. Rubygem, in addition to testing the efficiency of nano silver nitrate and zinc source on successful percentage of cultures adapting stage. Results revealed that highest rooting percentage, root numbers, roots length, leaves content of total chlorophyll and macro nutrients (N, P and K) were achieved the highest average at 10mg L-1 + nano zinc treatment. The source of cultures resulting from rooting stage affected the plant survival at acclimatization stage. The treatment 10 and 15mg L-1 of nano silver nitrate + nano zinc achieved 100% success percentage.
{"title":"Effect of AgNps and different sources of Zinc on rooting and acclimation of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch) cv. Rubygem in vitro","authors":"Husham Khudhur, M. Abdulhussein","doi":"10.36077/kjas/2022/v14i2.1982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2022/v14i2.1982","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to examine the effect of adding different concentrations of nano silver nitrate (0, 5, 10 and 15 mg L-1) and zinc source {traditional(0.86mg L-1 as ZnSO4.7H2O) and nano zinc 0.086mg L-1 as Zinc oxide) to the specifies medium of rooting strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch) cv. Rubygem, in addition to testing the efficiency of nano silver nitrate and zinc source on successful percentage of cultures adapting stage. Results revealed that highest rooting percentage, root numbers, roots length, leaves content of total chlorophyll and macro nutrients (N, P and K) were achieved the highest average at 10mg L-1 + nano zinc treatment. The source of cultures resulting from rooting stage affected the plant survival at acclimatization stage. The treatment 10 and 15mg L-1 of nano silver nitrate + nano zinc achieved 100% success percentage.","PeriodicalId":254783,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125815149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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