To solve the MTSP and discover the efficiency of different methods, this paper compares Monte Carlo with Simulating Annealing Algorithm by testing them in three sizes of map samples from small to large. The Monte Carlo can just solve the simple TSP problems and become useless due to its time and space complexity when the number of cities goes large. Therefore, we adopt a heuristic algorithm, Simulated Annealing. The Simulated Annealing Algorithm can solve the MTSP, although it is not the most optimal path, especially when an agent faces a group of clustered cities. To get a better result, this paper describes how to alternate the penalty function to set some limitations in the SAA and provide a better way to solve the MTSP when facing clustered group locations, which helps optimize the path in practice
{"title":"The Improvement of Simulated Annealing Algorithm on the Penalty Function in Multi-agent Traveling Salesman Problem","authors":"Tianchen Ren, Jiayi Yang, Jinxin Li","doi":"10.1145/3501774.3501795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3501774.3501795","url":null,"abstract":"To solve the MTSP and discover the efficiency of different methods, this paper compares Monte Carlo with Simulating Annealing Algorithm by testing them in three sizes of map samples from small to large. The Monte Carlo can just solve the simple TSP problems and become useless due to its time and space complexity when the number of cities goes large. Therefore, we adopt a heuristic algorithm, Simulated Annealing. The Simulated Annealing Algorithm can solve the MTSP, although it is not the most optimal path, especially when an agent faces a group of clustered cities. To get a better result, this paper describes how to alternate the penalty function to set some limitations in the SAA and provide a better way to solve the MTSP when facing clustered group locations, which helps optimize the path in practice","PeriodicalId":255059,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2021 European Symposium on Software Engineering","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124669243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, research is being conducted about the Customer's Satisfaction (CS) along with factors that have an impact on it and on the Software Project Management. The research method of this study is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and the main conclusion derived from this study is that the customer's active involvement through agile methods in all phases of the IT project development, leads to a higher level of satisfaction.
{"title":"Customer Satisfaction in Software Development Projects","authors":"P. Fitsilis, Vyron Damasiotis, Sofia Sarmanioti","doi":"10.1145/3501774.3501784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3501774.3501784","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, research is being conducted about the Customer's Satisfaction (CS) along with factors that have an impact on it and on the Software Project Management. The research method of this study is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and the main conclusion derived from this study is that the customer's active involvement through agile methods in all phases of the IT project development, leads to a higher level of satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":255059,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2021 European Symposium on Software Engineering","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115904502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Real-life applications often deal with multidimensional data. In the general case, multidimensional data means a table of numbers whose rows correspond to different objects and columns correspond to features characterizing the objects. Usually, the number of objects is large, and the dimensionality (number of features) is greater than it is possible to represent the objects as points in 2D. The goal is to reduce the dimensionality of data to such one that objects, characterized by a large number of features or by proximities between pairs of the objects, be represented as points in lower-dimensional space or even on a plane. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is an often-used method to reduce the dimensionality of multidimensional data nonlinearly and to present the data visually. MDS minimizes some stress function. We have proposed in [8] and [9] to consider the stress function and multidimensional scaling, in general, from the geometric point of view, and the so-called Geometric MDS has been developed. Geometric MDS allows finding the proper direction and step size forwards the minimum of the stress function analytically. In this paper, we disclose several new properties of Geometric multidimensional scaling and compare the simplest realization (GMDS1) of Geometric MDS experimentally with the well-known SMACOF version of MDS.
{"title":"On the Computational Efficiency of Geometric Multidimensional Scaling","authors":"G. Dzemyda, Martynas Sabaliauskas","doi":"10.1145/3501774.3501794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3501774.3501794","url":null,"abstract":"Real-life applications often deal with multidimensional data. In the general case, multidimensional data means a table of numbers whose rows correspond to different objects and columns correspond to features characterizing the objects. Usually, the number of objects is large, and the dimensionality (number of features) is greater than it is possible to represent the objects as points in 2D. The goal is to reduce the dimensionality of data to such one that objects, characterized by a large number of features or by proximities between pairs of the objects, be represented as points in lower-dimensional space or even on a plane. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is an often-used method to reduce the dimensionality of multidimensional data nonlinearly and to present the data visually. MDS minimizes some stress function. We have proposed in [8] and [9] to consider the stress function and multidimensional scaling, in general, from the geometric point of view, and the so-called Geometric MDS has been developed. Geometric MDS allows finding the proper direction and step size forwards the minimum of the stress function analytically. In this paper, we disclose several new properties of Geometric multidimensional scaling and compare the simplest realization (GMDS1) of Geometric MDS experimentally with the well-known SMACOF version of MDS.","PeriodicalId":255059,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2021 European Symposium on Software Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128600967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the design of secure connectors that deal with various message communications between application components in secure distributed component-based software architectures. The secure connectors are designed with more than one communication pattern between application components, security patterns required by the components, and security coordinators integrating security patterns and communication patterns. This paper describes the pseudocode of security coordinators. The secure connectors make application components free from maintaining complex message communication sequence logic and security concerns. To validate our design, we applied secure connectors to the model-view-controller (MVC) architecture for a secure distributed baseball game application.
{"title":"Design of Secure Connectors for Complex Message Communications in Software Architecture","authors":"M. Shin, Taeghyun Kang, H. Gomaa","doi":"10.1145/3501774.3501778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3501774.3501778","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the design of secure connectors that deal with various message communications between application components in secure distributed component-based software architectures. The secure connectors are designed with more than one communication pattern between application components, security patterns required by the components, and security coordinators integrating security patterns and communication patterns. This paper describes the pseudocode of security coordinators. The secure connectors make application components free from maintaining complex message communication sequence logic and security concerns. To validate our design, we applied secure connectors to the model-view-controller (MVC) architecture for a secure distributed baseball game application.","PeriodicalId":255059,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2021 European Symposium on Software Engineering","volume":"219 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124336527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiwen Li, Jiarui Zhang, Jiayu Guo, Jiaqi Li, Chenhao Kang
Traditionally, we conduct polls to obtain people's opinions on certain subjects, but now as social media prevails, scientists can harvest people's opinions from the great amount of data generated from social media users. This paper performs sentiment analysis on the Twitter comments regarding NBA games to obtain public opinions on the NBA players as a new way of player-performance evaluation, instead of adopting the traditional way to assess players according to their statistics in the games or the poll results by the audience. The Twitter messages regarding 5 games during the 2019 NBA playoff finals are collected, and three types of sentiments (absolute, objective, and subjective sentiments) are extracted from these messages. This work explores which type of sentiment has the strongest correlation with the player performance and thus makes the best value to evaluate the player performance. Keywords are also extracted from the messages. Our findings suggest that subjective sentiment is the best value among the three types of sentiments.
{"title":"Evaluating Performance of NBA Players with Sentiment Analysis on Twitter Messages","authors":"Qiwen Li, Jiarui Zhang, Jiayu Guo, Jiaqi Li, Chenhao Kang","doi":"10.1145/3501774.3501796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3501774.3501796","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, we conduct polls to obtain people's opinions on certain subjects, but now as social media prevails, scientists can harvest people's opinions from the great amount of data generated from social media users. This paper performs sentiment analysis on the Twitter comments regarding NBA games to obtain public opinions on the NBA players as a new way of player-performance evaluation, instead of adopting the traditional way to assess players according to their statistics in the games or the poll results by the audience. The Twitter messages regarding 5 games during the 2019 NBA playoff finals are collected, and three types of sentiments (absolute, objective, and subjective sentiments) are extracted from these messages. This work explores which type of sentiment has the strongest correlation with the player performance and thus makes the best value to evaluate the player performance. Keywords are also extracted from the messages. Our findings suggest that subjective sentiment is the best value among the three types of sentiments.","PeriodicalId":255059,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2021 European Symposium on Software Engineering","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127147490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sabrina Wing-Yi Chio, Yifei Li, Rainie JingRan Yang
Objective: The purpose of this paper is to use machine learning and time series models in the context of high frequency trading to forecast stock prices. Method: We analyzed time series models such as ARMA and GARCH, gradient boosting tree model – which is a deep learning model – and machine learning models FFNN and GBM to compare each models’ benefits and drawbacks. To determine the accuracy of each models’ stock forecasting, we calculated the root mean square percentage error (RMSPE). The RMSPE reveals the magnitude of error in relation to the actual values; a lower value is wanted. Results & Conclusion: After evaluating the models against real market data, we found that the machine learning models outperformed the time series models. Machine learning models FFNN, and GBM have an RMSPE of roughly 0.20 and 0.21, respectively, while time series models Garch 1 and 2 had a RMSPE of 0.32 and 0.37, respectively. Therefore, feed-forward neural network and GBM forecast stock prices more accurately than LSTM and time series models. Unsupervised algorithms improve prediction accuracy.
{"title":"Realized Volatility Prediction","authors":"Sabrina Wing-Yi Chio, Yifei Li, Rainie JingRan Yang","doi":"10.1145/3501774.3501793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3501774.3501793","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this paper is to use machine learning and time series models in the context of high frequency trading to forecast stock prices. Method: We analyzed time series models such as ARMA and GARCH, gradient boosting tree model – which is a deep learning model – and machine learning models FFNN and GBM to compare each models’ benefits and drawbacks. To determine the accuracy of each models’ stock forecasting, we calculated the root mean square percentage error (RMSPE). The RMSPE reveals the magnitude of error in relation to the actual values; a lower value is wanted. Results & Conclusion: After evaluating the models against real market data, we found that the machine learning models outperformed the time series models. Machine learning models FFNN, and GBM have an RMSPE of roughly 0.20 and 0.21, respectively, while time series models Garch 1 and 2 had a RMSPE of 0.32 and 0.37, respectively. Therefore, feed-forward neural network and GBM forecast stock prices more accurately than LSTM and time series models. Unsupervised algorithms improve prediction accuracy.","PeriodicalId":255059,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2021 European Symposium on Software Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126311940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Because of the Covid-19 pandemic, several organisations around the world applied social distancing rules with workplace controls. Most of these rules can be automated and supervised using software systems that interact with connected devices such as smart cameras, motion sensors, smart door locks, etc. Given the critical nature of a pandemic prevention application, it seems essential to use techniques such that the possibility of failures is minimised. The integration of formal reasoning within software development is obviously a way to achieve this goal. Unfortunately, often formal methods are deemed too difficult and hence their application is somehow limited. This study builds on real-life pandemic prevention strategies, and shows how a formal method and domain-specific languages can be mixed in a lightweight development process. Our approach extends Meeduse, a language workbench that embeds an animator and model-checker and allows one to define proved executable Domain-Specific Languages (xDSLs) using the B method. In addition to the benefits of using xDSLs together with a formal approach during the development process the originality of this work is two-fold: (1) first, we propose a novel refinement-based approach that allows DSL developers to produce several versions of the application without breaking down the global safety properties; and (2) second, we use the verified specification of the DSL semantics at runtime so that the implementation effort is highly reduced.
{"title":"A Lightweight Development of Outbreak Prevention Strategies Built on Formal Methods and xDSLs","authors":"Akram Idani","doi":"10.1145/3501774.3501787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3501774.3501787","url":null,"abstract":"Because of the Covid-19 pandemic, several organisations around the world applied social distancing rules with workplace controls. Most of these rules can be automated and supervised using software systems that interact with connected devices such as smart cameras, motion sensors, smart door locks, etc. Given the critical nature of a pandemic prevention application, it seems essential to use techniques such that the possibility of failures is minimised. The integration of formal reasoning within software development is obviously a way to achieve this goal. Unfortunately, often formal methods are deemed too difficult and hence their application is somehow limited. This study builds on real-life pandemic prevention strategies, and shows how a formal method and domain-specific languages can be mixed in a lightweight development process. Our approach extends Meeduse, a language workbench that embeds an animator and model-checker and allows one to define proved executable Domain-Specific Languages (xDSLs) using the B method. In addition to the benefits of using xDSLs together with a formal approach during the development process the originality of this work is two-fold: (1) first, we propose a novel refinement-based approach that allows DSL developers to produce several versions of the application without breaking down the global safety properties; and (2) second, we use the verified specification of the DSL semantics at runtime so that the implementation effort is highly reduced.","PeriodicalId":255059,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2021 European Symposium on Software Engineering","volume":"187 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116175680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raven T. Reisch, T. Hauser, Jürgen Franke, F. Heinrich, Konstantinos Theodorou, T. Kamps, Alois Knoll
In multi-axes Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing, keeping the correct nozzle-to-work distance is crucial to avoid collisions and process defects. Measuring this distance is challenging as the welding arc complicates the usage of conventional distance measurements without positional offset in-process. For that reason, this study investigated and evaluated the usage of several sensors (wire feed sensor, current and voltage sensor, microphone, welding camera, spectrometer, structural acoustic sensor) for a direction independent in-process measurement. Features were extracted based on domain knowledge and selected by means of a correlation analysis. The spectrometer (Pearson’s r = −0.90) showed the most robust measurements for stable process parameters when computing the relative intensity at a wavelength of 960 nm, followed by the welding camera (Pearson’s r = 0.84) when analyzing the images with a convolutional neural network. Based on the findings, a closed-loop-control was created. As a system identification revealed a high impact of the welding speed on the track height in comparison to the wire feed rate (Pearson’s r − 0.90 < > − 0.16), the closed-loop-control was realized by means of a simple P-control for the welding speed. The proposed approach enabled the manufacturing of multi-layer multi-bead parts with multi-axes deposition paths.
在多轴电弧增材制造中，保持正确的喷嘴到工件的距离对于避免碰撞和工艺缺陷至关重要。测量这一距离是具有挑战性的，因为焊接电弧使传统距离测量的使用复杂化，而不需要在过程中进行位置偏移。因此，本研究调查并评估了几种传感器(导线馈送传感器、电流和电压传感器、麦克风、焊接相机、光谱仪、结构声学传感器)用于方向独立的过程测量的使用情况。基于领域知识提取特征，并通过相关性分析选择特征。在计算波长为960 nm的相对强度时，光谱仪(Pearson’s r = - 0.90)对稳定工艺参数的测量结果最稳健，其次是焊接相机(Pearson’s r = 0.84)，使用卷积神经网络对图像进行分析。在此基础上，建立了闭环控制系统。由于系统辨识表明，与送丝速度相比，焊接速度对轨道高度的影响较大(Pearson’s r−0.90 < >−0.16)，因此通过对焊接速度的简单p控制来实现闭环控制。该方法可实现多轴沉积路径的多层多芯零件的制造。
{"title":"Nozzle-to-Work Distance Measurement and Control in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Raven T. Reisch, T. Hauser, Jürgen Franke, F. Heinrich, Konstantinos Theodorou, T. Kamps, Alois Knoll","doi":"10.1145/3501774.3501798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3501774.3501798","url":null,"abstract":"In multi-axes Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing, keeping the correct nozzle-to-work distance is crucial to avoid collisions and process defects. Measuring this distance is challenging as the welding arc complicates the usage of conventional distance measurements without positional offset in-process. For that reason, this study investigated and evaluated the usage of several sensors (wire feed sensor, current and voltage sensor, microphone, welding camera, spectrometer, structural acoustic sensor) for a direction independent in-process measurement. Features were extracted based on domain knowledge and selected by means of a correlation analysis. The spectrometer (Pearson’s r = −0.90) showed the most robust measurements for stable process parameters when computing the relative intensity at a wavelength of 960 nm, followed by the welding camera (Pearson’s r = 0.84) when analyzing the images with a convolutional neural network. Based on the findings, a closed-loop-control was created. As a system identification revealed a high impact of the welding speed on the track height in comparison to the wire feed rate (Pearson’s r − 0.90 < > − 0.16), the closed-loop-control was realized by means of a simple P-control for the welding speed. The proposed approach enabled the manufacturing of multi-layer multi-bead parts with multi-axes deposition paths.","PeriodicalId":255059,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2021 European Symposium on Software Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123880433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agile is an established and globally adopted software development methodology for managing software projects, known for reducing time to market and costs, and improving customer satisfaction. However, in developing countries, such as those in the Middle East, Agile is still in the early stages of adoption compared to Europe and North America. This is problematic, specifically in the case of Saudi Arabia, which is increasingly looking at the software industry to diversify its economy to reduce the reliance on the oil industry. It is essential to understand the factors that influence the decision of Saudi software organisations to adopt Agile. Hence, this study aims to critically review the influential factors identified in the Agile adoption framework that may support or challenge the adoption of Agile in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Saudi Arabia. To this end, we carried out a focus group study with five software practitioners working in different Saudi software SMEs. The main findings indicate the apparent influence of all the identified factors in the developed framework except those related to process, with a high level of importance attached to culture, people and knowledge factors. This study refines the framework and helps software organisations assess their readiness for adopting Agile during the development process.
{"title":"A Framework for the Adoption of Agile within Software SMEs in Saudi Arabia","authors":"F. Altuwaijri, M. Ferrario","doi":"10.1145/3501774.3501785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3501774.3501785","url":null,"abstract":"Agile is an established and globally adopted software development methodology for managing software projects, known for reducing time to market and costs, and improving customer satisfaction. However, in developing countries, such as those in the Middle East, Agile is still in the early stages of adoption compared to Europe and North America. This is problematic, specifically in the case of Saudi Arabia, which is increasingly looking at the software industry to diversify its economy to reduce the reliance on the oil industry. It is essential to understand the factors that influence the decision of Saudi software organisations to adopt Agile. Hence, this study aims to critically review the influential factors identified in the Agile adoption framework that may support or challenge the adoption of Agile in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Saudi Arabia. To this end, we carried out a focus group study with five software practitioners working in different Saudi software SMEs. The main findings indicate the apparent influence of all the identified factors in the developed framework except those related to process, with a high level of importance attached to culture, people and knowledge factors. This study refines the framework and helps software organisations assess their readiness for adopting Agile during the development process.","PeriodicalId":255059,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2021 European Symposium on Software Engineering","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123954302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Micheal Tuape, Victoria T. Hasheela-Mufeti, A. Kayanda, Jussi Kasurinen
Small software companies have a challenge with utilizing process tools, which affects practice with significant quality-related challenges. This affects the software industry significantly because SSCs dominate the industry, and most of all, over 80 percent of software products are produced by SSCs. This cross-sectional survey was conducted in 3 countries attracting 115 respondents with the primary objective of investigating the software practice concerning the utilization of process tools in SSCs. The study focused on the tools used in requirements engineering and software testing as critical process areas for quality software products. Our findings indicate that the number of personnel intertwines with the complexities arising from lengthy procedures of the tools and processes, aggregating into difficulty in tool usage. Due to the constant evolution of practices, the volatility in processes also causes slow adoption of other tools, for instance, testing that must accompany the main engineering tools during a project. These findings are significant in informing theory and communicating to the practitioners what they should do regarding process tools.
{"title":"Software Development in Small Software Companies: Exploring the Usage of Procedures, Techniques, Methods and Models in Practice","authors":"Micheal Tuape, Victoria T. Hasheela-Mufeti, A. Kayanda, Jussi Kasurinen","doi":"10.1145/3501774.3501779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3501774.3501779","url":null,"abstract":"Small software companies have a challenge with utilizing process tools, which affects practice with significant quality-related challenges. This affects the software industry significantly because SSCs dominate the industry, and most of all, over 80 percent of software products are produced by SSCs. This cross-sectional survey was conducted in 3 countries attracting 115 respondents with the primary objective of investigating the software practice concerning the utilization of process tools in SSCs. The study focused on the tools used in requirements engineering and software testing as critical process areas for quality software products. Our findings indicate that the number of personnel intertwines with the complexities arising from lengthy procedures of the tools and processes, aggregating into difficulty in tool usage. Due to the constant evolution of practices, the volatility in processes also causes slow adoption of other tools, for instance, testing that must accompany the main engineering tools during a project. These findings are significant in informing theory and communicating to the practitioners what they should do regarding process tools.","PeriodicalId":255059,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2021 European Symposium on Software Engineering","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127904631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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