Garlic, a vital spice crop in Bangladesh, holds a prominent position as the leading producer among all spice crops. This study was conducted in three garlic growing districts, namely Rajbari, Natore, and Dinajpur, with the primary objective of assessing the adoption status of BARI garlic varieties, analyzing their farm-level profitability, and identifying constraints faced by the farmers. A total of 300 farmers, with 100 selected randomly from each district, participated in this research. Data collection was carried out using a pre-tested interview schedule during the period of January to March 2019. The findings revealed that BARI rosun-2 had the highest adoption rate among farmers, with 45% choosing this variety, while the adoption rate for BARI rosun-1 was the lowest at 14.67%. Interestingly, no adoption of the other two BARI varieties, BARI rosun-3 and BARI rosun-4, was observed in the study areas. Some farmers also cultivated local and exotic varieties, such as Italy, Patna, and Barma. The preference for BARI rosun-2 and BARI rosun-1 was attributed to their higher yield, greater profitability, and reduced susceptibility to insect-pest infestations at the farm level. Key cost items included human labor, seed cost, and the rental value of land. In terms of yield, the highest production was reported in Rajbari at 7,650 kg per hectare, followed by Natore (7,260 kg/ha.) and Dinajpur (6,980 kg/ha). Net returns were highest in Natore at BDT 69,631 and lowest in Dinajpur at BDT 38,613. The benefit-cost ratio (BCR) on the basis of variable cost and total cost were 1.31 and 1.24, respectively. The cost per kilogram based on total cost was BDT 32. The study identified low market prices during the peak season, the non-availability of improved or hybrid seeds, unfavorable weather conditions, and a lack of technical knowledge as major constraints to garlic cultivation. To address these issues, the study recommends measures such as banning excessive imports, introducing high-yielding hybrid varieties, providing hands-on training to interested farmers, and ensuring affordable input prices to promote higher adoption of these garlic varieties.In conclusion, this research sheds light on the adoption, profitability, and challenges of cultivating BARI garlic varieties in the specified districts, offering valuable insights for policymakers, farmers, and stakeholders in the garlic farming industry. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2023, 7 (2), 73-90
大蒜是孟加拉国重要的香料作物，在所有香料作物中产量居首位。本研究在拉杰巴里、纳托尔和迪纳杰布尔三个大蒜种植区进行，主要目的是评估 BARI 大蒜品种的采用情况，分析其农场一级的盈利能力，并确定农民面临的制约因素。共有 300 名农民参与了这项研究，每个地区随机抽取 100 名。在 2019 年 1 月至 3 月期间，使用预先测试的访谈表进行了数据收集。研究结果显示，BARI rosun-2 在农民中的采用率最高，有 45% 的农民选择了该品种，而 BARI rosun-1 的采用率最低，仅为 14.67%。有趣的是，在研究地区没有发现其他两个 BARI 品种，即 BARI rosun-3 和 BARI rosun-4。一些农民还种植了当地品种和外来品种，如意大利、巴特那和巴马。农民之所以偏爱 BARI rosun-2 和 BARI rosun-1，是因为这两个品种产量更高、利润更高，而且在农场层面不易遭受虫害。主要成本项目包括人工、种子成本和土地租金。就产量而言，拉杰巴里的产量最高，为每公顷 7 650 公斤，其次是纳托尔（每公顷 7 260 公斤）和迪纳杰布尔（每公顷 6 980 公斤）。纳托尔的净收益最高，为 69,631 孟加拉塔卡，迪纳杰布尔最低，为 38,613 孟加拉塔卡。按可变成本和总成本计算的效益成本比（BCR）分别为 1.31 和 1.24。根据总成本计算的每公斤成本为 32 孟加拉塔卡。研究发现，旺季市场价格低、无法获得改良或杂交种子、不利的天气条件以及缺乏技术知识是大蒜种植的主要制约因素。为解决这些问题，研究建议采取一些措施，如禁止过量进口、引进高产杂交品种、为感兴趣的农民提供实践培训以及确保可负担的投入价格，以促进这些大蒜品种的更广泛采用。亚洲澳大利亚。J. Food Saf.Secur.2023, 7 (2), 73-90
{"title":"Adoption and profitability of BARI released garlic varieties in Bangladesh: a farm level study","authors":"Md. Imrul Kaysar, Syful Islam, Monirul Islam, Nusrat Binta Atiq, Sohag Sarker","doi":"10.3329/aajfss.v7i2.67739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/aajfss.v7i2.67739","url":null,"abstract":"Garlic, a vital spice crop in Bangladesh, holds a prominent position as the leading producer among all spice crops. This study was conducted in three garlic growing districts, namely Rajbari, Natore, and Dinajpur, with the primary objective of assessing the adoption status of BARI garlic varieties, analyzing their farm-level profitability, and identifying constraints faced by the farmers. A total of 300 farmers, with 100 selected randomly from each district, participated in this research. Data collection was carried out using a pre-tested interview schedule during the period of January to March 2019. The findings revealed that BARI rosun-2 had the highest adoption rate among farmers, with 45% choosing this variety, while the adoption rate for BARI rosun-1 was the lowest at 14.67%. Interestingly, no adoption of the other two BARI varieties, BARI rosun-3 and BARI rosun-4, was observed in the study areas. Some farmers also cultivated local and exotic varieties, such as Italy, Patna, and Barma. The preference for BARI rosun-2 and BARI rosun-1 was attributed to their higher yield, greater profitability, and reduced susceptibility to insect-pest infestations at the farm level. Key cost items included human labor, seed cost, and the rental value of land. In terms of yield, the highest production was reported in Rajbari at 7,650 kg per hectare, followed by Natore (7,260 kg/ha.) and Dinajpur (6,980 kg/ha). Net returns were highest in Natore at BDT 69,631 and lowest in Dinajpur at BDT 38,613. The benefit-cost ratio (BCR) on the basis of variable cost and total cost were 1.31 and 1.24, respectively. The cost per kilogram based on total cost was BDT 32. The study identified low market prices during the peak season, the non-availability of improved or hybrid seeds, unfavorable weather conditions, and a lack of technical knowledge as major constraints to garlic cultivation. To address these issues, the study recommends measures such as banning excessive imports, introducing high-yielding hybrid varieties, providing hands-on training to interested farmers, and ensuring affordable input prices to promote higher adoption of these garlic varieties.In conclusion, this research sheds light on the adoption, profitability, and challenges of cultivating BARI garlic varieties in the specified districts, offering valuable insights for policymakers, farmers, and stakeholders in the garlic farming industry. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2023, 7 (2), 73-90","PeriodicalId":257069,"journal":{"name":"Asian-Australasian Journal of Food Safety and Security","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139238028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-25DOI: 10.3329/aajfss.v7i2.67766
S. Abdullah-Al-Mamun, M. R. Islam, Fatema Islam, M. Arif, Yosef Deneke, Sk Shaheenur Islam, M. H. Sikder, S. L. Kabir
This study aimed to investigate Campylobacter jejuni, a major cause of food-borne bacterial infections worldwide, in fresh vegetables from five upzillas (Mymensingh, Trishal, Bhaluka, Muktagacha, and Fulbaria) in the Mymensingh district between July 2020 and April 2023. Using cultural, biochemical, and molecular techniques, 100 fresh vegetable samples (including tomato, carrot, cucumber, green chili, and coriander) were examined for C. jejuni. The isolates were further tested for virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibility. Out of the 100 samples, 23% were confirmed as C. jejuni, by 16S rRNA gene-based polymerase chain reaction and all were found to be virulent with cytolethal distending toxins (cdtA, cdtB and cdtC genes). Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed resistance to amoxicillin (47.83%), tetracycline (43.48%), and streptomycin (39.13%) among the isolates. However, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin were effective against 47.83% and 43.48% of the isolates, respectively. Moreover, 52.17% of the isolates were sensitive to erythromycin. Alarmingly, 34.78% of the C. jejuni isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) with eight different antibiotic resistance patterns, including four MDR patterns. These findings highlight the presence of virulent and antibiotic-resistant C. jejuni in fresh vegetables, emphasizing the need for monitoring and control to ensure food safety and public health issues. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2023, 7 (2), 62-72
{"title":"Prevalence, virulence gene profile and antibiogram of Campylobacter jejuni from fresh vegetables in Mymensingh, Bangladesh","authors":"S. Abdullah-Al-Mamun, M. R. Islam, Fatema Islam, M. Arif, Yosef Deneke, Sk Shaheenur Islam, M. H. Sikder, S. L. Kabir","doi":"10.3329/aajfss.v7i2.67766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/aajfss.v7i2.67766","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate Campylobacter jejuni, a major cause of food-borne bacterial infections worldwide, in fresh vegetables from five upzillas (Mymensingh, Trishal, Bhaluka, Muktagacha, and Fulbaria) in the Mymensingh district between July 2020 and April 2023. Using cultural, biochemical, and molecular techniques, 100 fresh vegetable samples (including tomato, carrot, cucumber, green chili, and coriander) were examined for C. jejuni. The isolates were further tested for virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibility. Out of the 100 samples, 23% were confirmed as C. jejuni, by 16S rRNA gene-based polymerase chain reaction and all were found to be virulent with cytolethal distending toxins (cdtA, cdtB and cdtC genes). Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed resistance to amoxicillin (47.83%), tetracycline (43.48%), and streptomycin (39.13%) among the isolates. However, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin were effective against 47.83% and 43.48% of the isolates, respectively. Moreover, 52.17% of the isolates were sensitive to erythromycin. Alarmingly, 34.78% of the C. jejuni isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) with eight different antibiotic resistance patterns, including four MDR patterns. These findings highlight the presence of virulent and antibiotic-resistant C. jejuni in fresh vegetables, emphasizing the need for monitoring and control to ensure food safety and public health issues. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2023, 7 (2), 62-72","PeriodicalId":257069,"journal":{"name":"Asian-Australasian Journal of Food Safety and Security","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139355041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.3329/aajfss.v7i2.65520
Mohammad Ramzanur Rahman, Mohammad Rezaul Karim, M. Siddiki, R. Habib
Peda is a highly nutritious indigenous milk product of Bangladesh containing milk solids added sugar and other additive like cardamom powder. This experiment was conducted to test the feasibility of using mawa (dried milk) for making peda and also conducted to test the impact of sugar level on the quality of peda. Sugar, as traditional sweetener was used to make peda samples at the level of 0 g, 75 g, 150 g and 225 g. Peda samples were prepared with these different sugar ratios were analyzed for sensory attributes, chemical composition and microbiological quality. Analysis of the data for quality such as flavor, body and consistency, color and appearance and chemical analysis such as protein content, carbohydrate content, ash and total solids contents of peda samples revealed significant (P<0.05) difference, but there was no significant (P>0.05) differences for fat content and total viable count of peda samples. The organoleptic quality of 150 g sugar containing peda samples scored better result than control and other treatments. If overall quality aspects were considered, 150 g sugar containing peda samples gave best results than other samples. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2023, 7 (2), 56-61
{"title":"Quality of peda prepared from mawa with different sugar levels","authors":"Mohammad Ramzanur Rahman, Mohammad Rezaul Karim, M. Siddiki, R. Habib","doi":"10.3329/aajfss.v7i2.65520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/aajfss.v7i2.65520","url":null,"abstract":"Peda is a highly nutritious indigenous milk product of Bangladesh containing milk solids added sugar and other additive like cardamom powder. This experiment was conducted to test the feasibility of using mawa (dried milk) for making peda and also conducted to test the impact of sugar level on the quality of peda. Sugar, as traditional sweetener was used to make peda samples at the level of 0 g, 75 g, 150 g and 225 g. Peda samples were prepared with these different sugar ratios were analyzed for sensory attributes, chemical composition and microbiological quality. Analysis of the data for quality such as flavor, body and consistency, color and appearance and chemical analysis such as protein content, carbohydrate content, ash and total solids contents of peda samples revealed significant (P<0.05) difference, but there was no significant (P>0.05) differences for fat content and total viable count of peda samples. The organoleptic quality of 150 g sugar containing peda samples scored better result than control and other treatments. If overall quality aspects were considered, 150 g sugar containing peda samples gave best results than other samples. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2023, 7 (2), 56-61","PeriodicalId":257069,"journal":{"name":"Asian-Australasian Journal of Food Safety and Security","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139369662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.3329/aajfss.v6i2.62460
M. Ahmed, M. Prodhan, A. Begum, M. Afroze, N. K. Dutta, Chandrima Emtia, D. Sarker
The study was carried out to detect and quantify the left over residue of fenvalerate and acephate in tomato and yard long bean using Gas Chromatography coupled with Flame Thermionic Detector. Four supervised field trials were undertaken sprayed with the prescribed dose of fenvalerate at the rate of 1mL/L of water and acephate at the rate of 2g/L of water. The samples of tomato and yard long bean were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 days after spray (DAS). The residue of acephate was detected up to 11 DAS in tomato and 14 DAS in yard long bean and all of the detected quantities were above Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) set by European Union. No residue was detected at 12 DAS in tomato and 15 DAS in yard long bean. The residue of fenvalerate was detected up to 12 DAS in tomato and 13 DAS in yard long bean, of which the quantities of residue of fenvalerate was above EU-MRL at 9 DAS in tomato and 11 DAS in yard long bean. Fenvalerate contained 0.076-0.008 mg/kg residue in tomato and 0.049-0.021 mg/kg residue in yard long bean which were below EU-MRL at 10 to 12 DAS in tomato and 12 to 13 in yard long bean which were below EU-MRL. No residue was detected at 13 DAS in tomato and 14 DAS in yard long bean. So, in case of acephate the pre-harvest interval (PHI) was determined at 12 DAS in tomato and 15 DAS in yard long bean and for fenvalerate it was 10 DAS in tomato and 12 DAS in yard long bean. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2022, 6 (2), 73-80
{"title":"Determination of pre-harvest interval for fenvalerate and acephate in tomato and yard long bean using Gas Chromatography","authors":"M. Ahmed, M. Prodhan, A. Begum, M. Afroze, N. K. Dutta, Chandrima Emtia, D. Sarker","doi":"10.3329/aajfss.v6i2.62460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/aajfss.v6i2.62460","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to detect and quantify the left over residue of fenvalerate and acephate in tomato and yard long bean using Gas Chromatography coupled with Flame Thermionic Detector. Four supervised field trials were undertaken sprayed with the prescribed dose of fenvalerate at the rate of 1mL/L of water and acephate at the rate of 2g/L of water. The samples of tomato and yard long bean were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 days after spray (DAS). The residue of acephate was detected up to 11 DAS in tomato and 14 DAS in yard long bean and all of the detected quantities were above Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) set by European Union. No residue was detected at 12 DAS in tomato and 15 DAS in yard long bean. The residue of fenvalerate was detected up to 12 DAS in tomato and 13 DAS in yard long bean, of which the quantities of residue of fenvalerate was above EU-MRL at 9 DAS in tomato and 11 DAS in yard long bean. Fenvalerate contained 0.076-0.008 mg/kg residue in tomato and 0.049-0.021 mg/kg residue in yard long bean which were below EU-MRL at 10 to 12 DAS in tomato and 12 to 13 in yard long bean which were below EU-MRL. No residue was detected at 13 DAS in tomato and 14 DAS in yard long bean. So, in case of acephate the pre-harvest interval (PHI) was determined at 12 DAS in tomato and 15 DAS in yard long bean and for fenvalerate it was 10 DAS in tomato and 12 DAS in yard long bean.\u0000Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2022, 6 (2), 73-80","PeriodicalId":257069,"journal":{"name":"Asian-Australasian Journal of Food Safety and Security","volume":"267 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125192685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.3329/aajfss.v6i2.62865
Nuzat Tasnim, Md Nasrul Millat, Sadia Sultana, S. Rahman, M. Prodhan
The present study was initiated to detect and quantify pesticide residues in three selected major vegetables (hyacinth bean, cauliflower and yard long bean) collected from 5 local markets of Gazipur district of Bangladesh. The vegetable samples were prepared by Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) extraction technique and analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC) equipped with Flame Thermionic Detector (FTD). In this study, 45 vegetable samples were analyzed. Out of 15 samples of hyacinth bean, 2 samples (13% of the total samples) contained pesticide residues above MRL and the remaining samples did not contain any detectable pesticide residues. In the instance of cauliflower, 2 samples (13% of the total number of samples) contained pesticide residues above MRL, while the remaining samples had no detectable pesticide residues. Pesticide residues with levels exceeding MRL were found and measured in 3 samples (20% of the total number of samples) from 15 yard long bean samples. From remnant samples, no pesticide residue was detected. This study depicts the overall scenario of pesticide contamination in vegetables specially in hyacinth bean, cauliflower and yard long bean available in the local markets of Gazipur city, Bangladesh. As a result, it is important to intensify routine pesticide residue monitoring in commercially cultivated vegetables. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2022, 6 (2), 57-64
{"title":"Multiple pesticide residue determination in major vegetables purchased from Gazipur district of Bangladesh","authors":"Nuzat Tasnim, Md Nasrul Millat, Sadia Sultana, S. Rahman, M. Prodhan","doi":"10.3329/aajfss.v6i2.62865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/aajfss.v6i2.62865","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was initiated to detect and quantify pesticide residues in three selected major vegetables (hyacinth bean, cauliflower and yard long bean) collected from 5 local markets of Gazipur district of Bangladesh. The vegetable samples were prepared by Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) extraction technique and analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC) equipped with Flame Thermionic Detector (FTD). In this study, 45 vegetable samples were analyzed. Out of 15 samples of hyacinth bean, 2 samples (13% of the total samples) contained pesticide residues above MRL and the remaining samples did not contain any detectable pesticide residues. In the instance of cauliflower, 2 samples (13% of the total number of samples) contained pesticide residues above MRL, while the remaining samples had no detectable pesticide residues. Pesticide residues with levels exceeding MRL were found and measured in 3 samples (20% of the total number of samples) from 15 yard long bean samples. From remnant samples, no pesticide residue was detected. This study depicts the overall scenario of pesticide contamination in vegetables specially in hyacinth bean, cauliflower and yard long bean available in the local markets of Gazipur city, Bangladesh. As a result, it is important to intensify routine pesticide residue monitoring in commercially cultivated vegetables.\u0000Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2022, 6 (2), 57-64","PeriodicalId":257069,"journal":{"name":"Asian-Australasian Journal of Food Safety and Security","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133857645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.3329/aajfss.v6i2.62984
M. Prodhan, A. Begum, M. Afroze, M. Ahmed, N. K. Dutta, D. Sarker
This study was initiated to develop an accurate analytical method for the determination of neonicotinoid and organophosphorus insecticide using Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Several experiments were conducted to select the parent ion and precusor ion and based on this outcome, the analytical method for the determination of thiamethoxam and dimethoate using LC-MS/MS was developed. The heated electrospray ionization (HESI) mode was used to develop the method. The linearity of the developed analytical method was very good and it was 0.998 for both of the selected pesticides. The optimization of MS/MS parameters has been done properly for both of the selected pesticides through direct infusion of 100 ug/L standard solutions. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2022, 6 (2), 65-72
{"title":"Development of analytical method for pesticide residue determination using LC-MS/MS","authors":"M. Prodhan, A. Begum, M. Afroze, M. Ahmed, N. K. Dutta, D. Sarker","doi":"10.3329/aajfss.v6i2.62984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/aajfss.v6i2.62984","url":null,"abstract":"This study was initiated to develop an accurate analytical method for the determination of neonicotinoid and organophosphorus insecticide using Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Several experiments were conducted to select the parent ion and precusor ion and based on this outcome, the analytical method for the determination of thiamethoxam and dimethoate using LC-MS/MS was developed. The heated electrospray ionization (HESI) mode was used to develop the method. The linearity of the developed analytical method was very good and it was 0.998 for both of the selected pesticides. The optimization of MS/MS parameters has been done properly for both of the selected pesticides through direct infusion of 100 ug/L standard solutions.\u0000Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2022, 6 (2), 65-72","PeriodicalId":257069,"journal":{"name":"Asian-Australasian Journal of Food Safety and Security","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117288820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.3329/aajfss.v6i2.62619
Khondoker Md. Zulfiker Rahman
Nitrogen (N) fertilization reduces worldwide food insecurity by boosting crop yield and stability. N is one of the most essential macromolecules required for the growth and reproduction of plants. It occurs in diverse chemical forms and circulates in natural and agricultural ecosystems. It is a constituent of chlorophyll, hence is required for the photosynthesis of plants. Plants receive N through their roots in the form of ammonia or nitrate. Nutritional quality and defense of plants that have a direct impact on herbivorous insects are altered by N fertilization and herbivorous insects can differentiate between plants that receive different applications of N fertilizer. Increasing N fertilization has a variable impact on plant species composition, plant growth, plant biomass, and yields. Plant tissue N and protein contents are also affected by nitrogen fertilization. Moreover, nitrogen fertilization affects many aspects of insects such as population dynamics, larval count, larval weight, feeding choice, and oviposition preference. Furthermore, predatory insect abundance, parasitization performance, and development of parasitoids on host insects are negatively affected by N fertilization. Other important effects of N fertilization are the hemolymph protein profile of herbivores, emission of VOCs, phytohormone biosynthesis, and direct and indirect defense of plants. The aim of this literature research is to demonstrate the effects of variable doses of N fertilization on the crop-herbivore-natural enemy tri-trophic systems. The information gathered in this review might help researchers understand the impact of optimal and excessive N fertilization on crop production and food security. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2022, 6 (2), 48-56
{"title":"Effects of nitrogen fertilization on crops and their associated insect communities: a global food security perspective","authors":"Khondoker Md. Zulfiker Rahman","doi":"10.3329/aajfss.v6i2.62619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/aajfss.v6i2.62619","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen (N) fertilization reduces worldwide food insecurity by boosting crop yield and stability. N is one of the most essential macromolecules required for the growth and reproduction of plants. It occurs in diverse chemical forms and circulates in natural and agricultural ecosystems. It is a constituent of chlorophyll, hence is required for the photosynthesis of plants. Plants receive N through their roots in the form of ammonia or nitrate. Nutritional quality and defense of plants that have a direct impact on herbivorous insects are altered by N fertilization and herbivorous insects can differentiate between plants that receive different applications of N fertilizer. Increasing N fertilization has a variable impact on plant species composition, plant growth, plant biomass, and yields. Plant tissue N and protein contents are also affected by nitrogen fertilization. Moreover, nitrogen fertilization affects many aspects of insects such as population dynamics, larval count, larval weight, feeding choice, and oviposition preference. Furthermore, predatory insect abundance, parasitization performance, and development of parasitoids on host insects are negatively affected by N fertilization. Other important effects of N fertilization are the hemolymph protein profile of herbivores, emission of VOCs, phytohormone biosynthesis, and direct and indirect defense of plants. The aim of this literature research is to demonstrate the effects of variable doses of N fertilization on the crop-herbivore-natural enemy tri-trophic systems. The information gathered in this review might help researchers understand the impact of optimal and excessive N fertilization on crop production and food security.\u0000Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2022, 6 (2), 48-56","PeriodicalId":257069,"journal":{"name":"Asian-Australasian Journal of Food Safety and Security","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128377384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.3329/aajfss.v6i1.59694
Ohiduzzaman, SM Akramul Islam, Mohammad Arif, Md Jahidul Islam Saddam, Muhammad Tofazzal Hossain, S. Kabir, J. Uddain
This study was carried out from January to May 2018 to isolate, identify, and determine microbial loads (E. coli; Salmonella spp.; Staphylococcus aureus; Campylobacter spp.) in fresh-marketed vegetables sold at several marketplaces in the districts of Netrokona, Kishoregonj, and Jamalpur. In this study, 126 samples were collected, 90 of which were unique (tomatoes 18, carrot 18, cucumber 18, coriander leaf 18, green chili 18) and 36 of which were composite (made by combining the individual samples). The spread plate dilution method was utilized for this work, and the organisms were cultivated on selected culture media. Microbes that were expected were discovered utilizing culture and staining procedures. The number of Salmonella, E. coli, S. aureus and Campylobacter was found from all tomato (100%), cucumber (100%) and green chili (100%). In carrot samples, the number (%) of E. coli, S. aureus and Campylobacter was found 100% except Salmonella (88.88%). The number of Salmonella (77.77%), E. coli (100%), S. aureus (94.44%) and Campylobacter (100%) was found in coriander leaf. In conclusion, the high bacterial load and presence of these organisms, particularly Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus, in salad vegetable samples could serve as an indicator of the need to raise awareness about the potential health hazards caused by improper handling of these vegetables. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2022, 6 (1), 1-9
{"title":"Microbial quality evaluation of fresh vegetables from distinct markets in urban areas of Bangladesh","authors":"Ohiduzzaman, SM Akramul Islam, Mohammad Arif, Md Jahidul Islam Saddam, Muhammad Tofazzal Hossain, S. Kabir, J. Uddain","doi":"10.3329/aajfss.v6i1.59694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/aajfss.v6i1.59694","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out from January to May 2018 to isolate, identify, and determine microbial loads (E. coli; Salmonella spp.; Staphylococcus aureus; Campylobacter spp.) in fresh-marketed vegetables sold at several marketplaces in the districts of Netrokona, Kishoregonj, and Jamalpur. In this study, 126 samples were collected, 90 of which were unique (tomatoes 18, carrot 18, cucumber 18, coriander leaf 18, green chili 18) and 36 of which were composite (made by combining the individual samples). The spread plate dilution method was utilized for this work, and the organisms were cultivated on selected culture media. Microbes that were expected were discovered utilizing culture and staining procedures. The number of Salmonella, E. coli, S. aureus and Campylobacter was found from all tomato (100%), cucumber (100%) and green chili (100%). In carrot samples, the number (%) of E. coli, S. aureus and Campylobacter was found 100% except Salmonella (88.88%). The number of Salmonella (77.77%), E. coli (100%), S. aureus (94.44%) and Campylobacter (100%) was found in coriander leaf. In conclusion, the high bacterial load and presence of these organisms, particularly Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus, in salad vegetable samples could serve as an indicator of the need to raise awareness about the potential health hazards caused by improper handling of these vegetables.\u0000Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2022, 6 (1), 1-9","PeriodicalId":257069,"journal":{"name":"Asian-Australasian Journal of Food Safety and Security","volume":"343 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116316340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.3329/aajfss.v6i1.59783
M. Ahmed, M. Prodhan, A. Begum, M. Afroze, N. K. Dutta, D. Sarker
The study was conducted to detect and quantify the residue of dimethoate and fenitrothion in yard long bean and tomato depending on the maximum residue limit (MRL) set by European Union. Four supervised field trials were conducted and sprayed with the recommended dose of dimethoate and fenitrothion at the rate of 2 ml/L of water. Samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11days after spray (DAS). The collected samples were analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC) coupled with Electron Capture Detector (ECD). The residue of fenitrothion was detected up to 8 DAS in tomato and 9 DAS in yard long bean and the levels of residues were 8.983-0.076 mg/kg in tomato and 6.187- 0.056 mg/kg in yard long bean which were above MRL. No residue was detected at 9 DAS in tomato and 10 DAS in yard long bean. The residue of dimethoate was detected up to 9 DAS in tomato and 10 DAS in yard long bean. The quantities of residues were decrease gradually over time and these were 6.521- 0.034 mg/kg in tomato and 8.590-0.046 mg/kg in yard long bean which were above MRL. No residue was detected at 10 DAS in tomato and 11 DAS in yard long bean. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2022, 6 (1), 27-34
{"title":"Dissipation of dimethoate and fenitrothion in yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under supervised field trials","authors":"M. Ahmed, M. Prodhan, A. Begum, M. Afroze, N. K. Dutta, D. Sarker","doi":"10.3329/aajfss.v6i1.59783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/aajfss.v6i1.59783","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to detect and quantify the residue of dimethoate and fenitrothion in yard long bean and tomato depending on the maximum residue limit (MRL) set by European Union. Four supervised field trials were conducted and sprayed with the recommended dose of dimethoate and fenitrothion at the rate of 2 ml/L of water. Samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11days after spray (DAS). The collected samples were analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC) coupled with Electron Capture Detector (ECD). The residue of fenitrothion was detected up to 8 DAS in tomato and 9 DAS in yard long bean and the levels of residues were 8.983-0.076 mg/kg in tomato and 6.187- 0.056 mg/kg in yard long bean which were above MRL. No residue was detected at 9 DAS in tomato and 10 DAS in yard long bean. The residue of dimethoate was detected up to 9 DAS in tomato and 10 DAS in yard long bean. The quantities of residues were decrease gradually over time and these were 6.521- 0.034 mg/kg in tomato and 8.590-0.046 mg/kg in yard long bean which were above MRL. No residue was detected at 10 DAS in tomato and 11 DAS in yard long bean.\u0000Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2022, 6 (1), 27-34","PeriodicalId":257069,"journal":{"name":"Asian-Australasian Journal of Food Safety and Security","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122352858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.3329/aajfss.v6i1.59746
M. Alam, R. Hasan, S. Rahman, Md. Abdur Razzak Choudhury, M. Prodhan
The study was conducted to analyze organophosphorus pesticide residues in two common vegetables (cauliflower and eggplant) collected from five local markets of Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. The collected samples were carried to the Pesticide Analytical Laboratory, Entomology Division of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur on the same sampling day. The collected samples were analyzed using Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) extraction technique and Gas Chromatography (GC) coupled with Flame Thermionic Detector (FTD). In total, 60 vegetable samples were analyzed in this study. Out of 30 analyzed samples of cauliflower, 5 samples (17% of the total number of samples) contained residues of dimethoate, chlorpyrifos and quinalphos, where 3 samples contained residues above the maximum residue limits (MRLs). Among the 30 analyzed samples of eggplant, 5 samples (17% of the total number of samples) contained residues of chlorpyrifos, quinalphos, and dimethoate, where only one sample contained residues above MRL. This study reflects the actual scenario of pesticide residues remain in cauliflower and eggplant collected from local markets of Mymensingh district, which will help the consumer to be aware of their health and safety. Thus, continuous monitoring of pesticide residues in vegetables should be strengthened. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2022, 6 (1), 10-17
{"title":"Analysis of pesticide residues in vegetables purchased from local markets of Mymensingh district of Bangladesh based on QuEChERS Extraction and Gas Chromatography","authors":"M. Alam, R. Hasan, S. Rahman, Md. Abdur Razzak Choudhury, M. Prodhan","doi":"10.3329/aajfss.v6i1.59746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/aajfss.v6i1.59746","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to analyze organophosphorus pesticide residues in two common vegetables (cauliflower and eggplant) collected from five local markets of Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. The collected samples were carried to the Pesticide Analytical Laboratory, Entomology Division of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur on the same sampling day. The collected samples were analyzed using Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) extraction technique and Gas Chromatography (GC) coupled with Flame Thermionic Detector (FTD). In total, 60 vegetable samples were analyzed in this study. Out of 30 analyzed samples of cauliflower, 5 samples (17% of the total number of samples) contained residues of dimethoate, chlorpyrifos and quinalphos, where 3 samples contained residues above the maximum residue limits (MRLs). Among the 30 analyzed samples of eggplant, 5 samples (17% of the total number of samples) contained residues of chlorpyrifos, quinalphos, and dimethoate, where only one sample contained residues above MRL. This study reflects the actual scenario of pesticide residues remain in cauliflower and eggplant collected from local markets of Mymensingh district, which will help the consumer to be aware of their health and safety. Thus, continuous monitoring of pesticide residues in vegetables should be strengthened.\u0000Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2022, 6 (1), 10-17","PeriodicalId":257069,"journal":{"name":"Asian-Australasian Journal of Food Safety and Security","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115703052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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