Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9025841
Huang Xiaolong, Du Bin, Wu Wei
In this paper, we analyzed the integrity, accuracy and consistency of automatic and manual observation data of precipitation weather phenomenon from January to December in 2018 from 156 national stations in Sichuan Province to compare the capture, loss, nothingness and error of different precipitation types and time consistency in different precipitation levels. The results showed that automatic precipitation weather phenomenon instrument had the highest ability to capture rain which is 82.2%, while the lowest was only 23.5% for sleet. The highest loss rate was 96.1% for sleet and the lowest was 55.0% for rain, which was consistent with the capture rate. Rainfall was the most frequent precipitation weather process with the highest air report rate. Hail had the highest error rate but best consistency, which may be related to its less frequency, short duration and generally occured together with other precipitation weather processes. With the increase of rain intensity, the capture rate of drizzle, rain and sleet increases gradually. The highest capture rates of snow (0.1-1.0 mm / h) and hail (more than 1.0 mm / h). With the increase of rainfall intensity, the missing rate decreases gradually. The missing rate of rain and hail is the highest in precipitation intensity (0.1-1.0 mm / h). The error rate of drizzle, rain, snow and hail is the highest when the precipitation intensity is (0.1-1.0 mm / h). The error rate of sleet is the highest $(gt 1.0$ mm / h), which is only 0.3% higher than that of precipitation intensity (0.1-1.0 mm / h).
本文对四川省156个国家级台站2018年1 - 12月降水天气现象自动和人工观测资料的完整性、准确性和一致性进行了分析，比较了不同降水类型和不同降水水平时间一致性的捕获、损失、虚无和误差。结果表明，自动降水天气现象仪对降雨的捕获率最高，为82.2%，对雨夹雪的捕获率最低，仅为23.5%。雨夹雪的损失率最高为96.1%，雨的损失率最低为55.0%，与捕获率基本一致。降雨是最频繁的降水天气过程，空气报告率最高。冰雹的错误率最高，但一致性最好，这可能与其频率少、持续时间短、一般与其他降水天气过程同时发生有关。随着降雨强度的增大，毛毛雨、雨夹雪的捕获率逐渐增大。积雪(0.1 ~ 1.0 mm / h)和冰雹(大于1.0 mm / h)的捕获率最高，随着降雨强度的增加，丢失率逐渐降低。降雨和冰雹的失误率在降水强度(0.1 ~ 1.0 mm / h)时最高，毛毛雨、雨、雪和冰雹的失误率在降水强度(0.1 ~ 1.0 mm / h)时最高，雨雪的失误率最高(gt 1.0$ mm / h)，仅比降水强度(0.1 ~ 1.0 mm / h)高0.3%。
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Observation Data of Automatic Precipitation Weather Phenomenon Instrument","authors":"Huang Xiaolong, Du Bin, Wu Wei","doi":"10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9025841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9025841","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we analyzed the integrity, accuracy and consistency of automatic and manual observation data of precipitation weather phenomenon from January to December in 2018 from 156 national stations in Sichuan Province to compare the capture, loss, nothingness and error of different precipitation types and time consistency in different precipitation levels. The results showed that automatic precipitation weather phenomenon instrument had the highest ability to capture rain which is 82.2%, while the lowest was only 23.5% for sleet. The highest loss rate was 96.1% for sleet and the lowest was 55.0% for rain, which was consistent with the capture rate. Rainfall was the most frequent precipitation weather process with the highest air report rate. Hail had the highest error rate but best consistency, which may be related to its less frequency, short duration and generally occured together with other precipitation weather processes. With the increase of rain intensity, the capture rate of drizzle, rain and sleet increases gradually. The highest capture rates of snow (0.1-1.0 mm / h) and hail (more than 1.0 mm / h). With the increase of rainfall intensity, the missing rate decreases gradually. The missing rate of rain and hail is the highest in precipitation intensity (0.1-1.0 mm / h). The error rate of drizzle, rain, snow and hail is the highest when the precipitation intensity is (0.1-1.0 mm / h). The error rate of sleet is the highest $(gt 1.0$ mm / h), which is only 0.3% higher than that of precipitation intensity (0.1-1.0 mm / h).","PeriodicalId":257532,"journal":{"name":"2019 International Conference on Meteorology Observations (ICMO)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124578177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9025969
B. Xiao, Ma Duanzhu, Liping Dai, Haocen Li, Zaihua Guo, Jinbao Liu
In this paper, lightning distribution data is used to analyze the lightning distribution characteristics of the region. Based on this, a method of regional lightning disaster risk assessment is given, which builds a three-tier hierarchical structure model and analyzes each risk index which respectively from four aspects such as the lightning risk, the region risk, the hazard-affected bodies risk and defense risk, simultaneously applies the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to make predictive evaluation of the lightning risk grade in a region. Regional lightning disaster risk assessment method uses the fuzzy mathematics knowledge to analyze and calculate, calculate the membership degree matrix of each index, and the weight of each index is determined by the fuzzy judgment matrix sorting method, and makes fuzzy comprehensive evaluations about the three levels. Finally an actual project is evaluated using the regional lightning disaster risk assessment method. The practical application shows that, the method can give decision-making guidance for project location, classification of lightning risk and measures to avoid the thunder.
{"title":"Application Research of Lightning Monitoring Data in Regional Lightning Disaster Risk Assessment","authors":"B. Xiao, Ma Duanzhu, Liping Dai, Haocen Li, Zaihua Guo, Jinbao Liu","doi":"10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9025969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9025969","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, lightning distribution data is used to analyze the lightning distribution characteristics of the region. Based on this, a method of regional lightning disaster risk assessment is given, which builds a three-tier hierarchical structure model and analyzes each risk index which respectively from four aspects such as the lightning risk, the region risk, the hazard-affected bodies risk and defense risk, simultaneously applies the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to make predictive evaluation of the lightning risk grade in a region. Regional lightning disaster risk assessment method uses the fuzzy mathematics knowledge to analyze and calculate, calculate the membership degree matrix of each index, and the weight of each index is determined by the fuzzy judgment matrix sorting method, and makes fuzzy comprehensive evaluations about the three levels. Finally an actual project is evaluated using the regional lightning disaster risk assessment method. The practical application shows that, the method can give decision-making guidance for project location, classification of lightning risk and measures to avoid the thunder.","PeriodicalId":257532,"journal":{"name":"2019 International Conference on Meteorology Observations (ICMO)","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120996306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the detection of dual-polarized radar, combined with the observation data of lightning, parts of the radar observation products are analyzed for some lightning weather processes occurred in Guangzhou. By studying the variation characteristics of these products before and after the first flash, the lightning nowcasting method based on radar data is offered. In the process of studying radar parameters variation of lightning weather, this paper analyzes the characteristics of radar echoes in different time periods, counts the distribution of polarization parameters, and judges the development process of thunderstorms according to the echo intensity and echo area of different stages. The results show that during lightning, the echo intensity Z, the echo top height ET, the differential reflectivity factor Zdr, the differential propagation phase shift rate Kdp and the vertical accumulated liquid water content VIL of the convective cloud have obvious changes. The radar detection of polarized weather can realize the discrimination of thunderstorm formation state and lightning warning.
{"title":"Analysis of Echo Characteristics of Dual-Polarization Doppler Weather Radar in Lightning Weather","authors":"Shaofeng Wu, Jinglu Si, Dongming Hu, Zaihua Guo, Yu Zhang, Qin Zhao","doi":"10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9026028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9026028","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the detection of dual-polarized radar, combined with the observation data of lightning, parts of the radar observation products are analyzed for some lightning weather processes occurred in Guangzhou. By studying the variation characteristics of these products before and after the first flash, the lightning nowcasting method based on radar data is offered. In the process of studying radar parameters variation of lightning weather, this paper analyzes the characteristics of radar echoes in different time periods, counts the distribution of polarization parameters, and judges the development process of thunderstorms according to the echo intensity and echo area of different stages. The results show that during lightning, the echo intensity Z, the echo top height ET, the differential reflectivity factor Zdr, the differential propagation phase shift rate Kdp and the vertical accumulated liquid water content VIL of the convective cloud have obvious changes. The radar detection of polarized weather can realize the discrimination of thunderstorm formation state and lightning warning.","PeriodicalId":257532,"journal":{"name":"2019 International Conference on Meteorology Observations (ICMO)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121303196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9026140
Qiuchen Zhang, Jun Wang
Ground-based microwave radiometer (MWR) utilizes in this study is RPG-HTAPRO-G3, which measures the atmospheric radiation characteristics at 7 oxygen channels and 7 water vapor channels to obtain atmospheric thermodynamic profiles. The reliability of 14 channels brightness temperature (BT)from MWR is tested by contrasting the BTs simulated by the monochromatic radiative transfer model MonoRTM in Linux with that observed by MWR. The results show that BTs of oxygen channels have better correlation and consistency than BTs of water vapor channels. The correlation coefficients are 0.99 and 0.92 respectively. By comparing the mean bias (MB) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of retrieval products from MWR and L-band radiosonde in different height of non-rainy day, temperature below 4000m is generally more accurate than in other height, the value of MB of temperature is -1.5-1.0.The difference of MB and RMSE of water vapor density is small and consistent. The MB value of water vapor density is positive. The RMSE of water vapor density (0-0.6 g/m3) decreases with height. The MB and RMSE of relative humidity are higher than temperature and water vapor density obviously. Atmospheric instability indices, such like K Index (KI), Lifting Index (LI), Showalter Index (SI), Total Total Index (TTI) and Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) derived from MWR are examined by the L-band radiosonde data in one year. The results show that correlation coefficients of 5 instability indices are 0.72, 0.93 0.86,0.76 and0.62.
{"title":"A Study of Accuracy of Brightness Temperature and Retrieval Products From Ground-based Microwave Radiometer","authors":"Qiuchen Zhang, Jun Wang","doi":"10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9026140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9026140","url":null,"abstract":"Ground-based microwave radiometer (MWR) utilizes in this study is RPG-HTAPRO-G3, which measures the atmospheric radiation characteristics at 7 oxygen channels and 7 water vapor channels to obtain atmospheric thermodynamic profiles. The reliability of 14 channels brightness temperature (BT)from MWR is tested by contrasting the BTs simulated by the monochromatic radiative transfer model MonoRTM in Linux with that observed by MWR. The results show that BTs of oxygen channels have better correlation and consistency than BTs of water vapor channels. The correlation coefficients are 0.99 and 0.92 respectively. By comparing the mean bias (MB) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of retrieval products from MWR and L-band radiosonde in different height of non-rainy day, temperature below 4000m is generally more accurate than in other height, the value of MB of temperature is -1.5-1.0.The difference of MB and RMSE of water vapor density is small and consistent. The MB value of water vapor density is positive. The RMSE of water vapor density (0-0.6 g/m3) decreases with height. The MB and RMSE of relative humidity are higher than temperature and water vapor density obviously. Atmospheric instability indices, such like K Index (KI), Lifting Index (LI), Showalter Index (SI), Total Total Index (TTI) and Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) derived from MWR are examined by the L-band radiosonde data in one year. The results show that correlation coefficients of 5 instability indices are 0.72, 0.93 0.86,0.76 and0.62.","PeriodicalId":257532,"journal":{"name":"2019 International Conference on Meteorology Observations (ICMO)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124029731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9025872
J. Zheng, Zhendong Yao
The S-PolKa radar is an advanced, mobile ground-based, dual-polarized and dual-wavelength (S-band and Ka-band) Doppler weather radar belonging to the NCAR, which has excellent detection performance in precipitation estimation, real-time identification of hydrometeor types, humidity estimation, estimation of liquid water content in cloud, etc. The data used in this paper are the SPOL data, part of S-PolKa radar data. In order to obtain more fine RHI data products of SPOL weather radar and realize the visual analysis of meteorological data, SPOL weather radar data was decoded, smoothed and displayed through Matlab encoding. After analyzing the data format of SPOL data, we used Matlab to read the raw data and display it. In order to make the final presentation more realistic, we have accumulated and averaged the raw data to make the image smoother. Because the SPOL data adopts polar coordinate system, it is necessary to first change the mapping relationship of the coordinates, and then display the variables on the output device by using pseudo color. The results show that the smoothed data image can highlight the strong echo region and increase the effectiveness of weather radar data products.
{"title":"Display Multiple Variables Data for SPOL Weather Radar by Matlab Encoding","authors":"J. Zheng, Zhendong Yao","doi":"10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9025872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9025872","url":null,"abstract":"The S-PolKa radar is an advanced, mobile ground-based, dual-polarized and dual-wavelength (S-band and Ka-band) Doppler weather radar belonging to the NCAR, which has excellent detection performance in precipitation estimation, real-time identification of hydrometeor types, humidity estimation, estimation of liquid water content in cloud, etc. The data used in this paper are the SPOL data, part of S-PolKa radar data. In order to obtain more fine RHI data products of SPOL weather radar and realize the visual analysis of meteorological data, SPOL weather radar data was decoded, smoothed and displayed through Matlab encoding. After analyzing the data format of SPOL data, we used Matlab to read the raw data and display it. In order to make the final presentation more realistic, we have accumulated and averaged the raw data to make the image smoother. Because the SPOL data adopts polar coordinate system, it is necessary to first change the mapping relationship of the coordinates, and then display the variables on the output device by using pseudo color. The results show that the smoothed data image can highlight the strong echo region and increase the effectiveness of weather radar data products.","PeriodicalId":257532,"journal":{"name":"2019 International Conference on Meteorology Observations (ICMO)","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121441737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9026145
Mengxing Xu, Hongbin Wang
The one-dimensional time axis on which the current meteorological observation platform depends is transformed into a two-dimensional coordinate system, i.e. one dimension, multi-source observation instruments, data and products are added. This dimension shows the observation occurring at a certain time node. The multi-source observations at the same time are vertically arranged to be distinguished by icons or colors. In this study, real-time display and rendering of scenes are realized through real-time efficient local multi-level of detail loading and adaptive multi-level caching of large-scale 3D spatial data and the dynamic interaction of multi-source observation information is realized by combining the CPU/GPU graphics hardware accelerated rendering technology of OpenGL+Shader. The platform is upgraded from one dimension of time to two dimensions of time and observation, which greatly expands the selection and change space of independent variables, thus the capacity of dependent variables is also greatly increased. Theoretically, it can accommodate all kinds of observation data and products. Through seamless connection on one page, it can freely schedule, switch and superimpose all kinds of observation information, enabling business researchers to efficiently and intensively obtain comprehensive meteorological observation data products, and carry out analysis and application.
{"title":"Two-dimensional Comprehensive Meteorological Observation Platform Based on Combination of Timeline and Observation Data Products","authors":"Mengxing Xu, Hongbin Wang","doi":"10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9026145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9026145","url":null,"abstract":"The one-dimensional time axis on which the current meteorological observation platform depends is transformed into a two-dimensional coordinate system, i.e. one dimension, multi-source observation instruments, data and products are added. This dimension shows the observation occurring at a certain time node. The multi-source observations at the same time are vertically arranged to be distinguished by icons or colors. In this study, real-time display and rendering of scenes are realized through real-time efficient local multi-level of detail loading and adaptive multi-level caching of large-scale 3D spatial data and the dynamic interaction of multi-source observation information is realized by combining the CPU/GPU graphics hardware accelerated rendering technology of OpenGL+Shader. The platform is upgraded from one dimension of time to two dimensions of time and observation, which greatly expands the selection and change space of independent variables, thus the capacity of dependent variables is also greatly increased. Theoretically, it can accommodate all kinds of observation data and products. Through seamless connection on one page, it can freely schedule, switch and superimpose all kinds of observation information, enabling business researchers to efficiently and intensively obtain comprehensive meteorological observation data products, and carry out analysis and application.","PeriodicalId":257532,"journal":{"name":"2019 International Conference on Meteorology Observations (ICMO)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128971785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9026147
Zhao Panpan, Yang Bifeng, Zhang Yi, Ma Shangchang
In the surface meteorological observation service, uncontrollable factors, such as signal interference, extreme weather events, sensor failures, et al., inevitably cause temperature observables missing or observing errors, and then affecting integrity and accuracy of the single-channel measurements. However, collecting the temperature records in a multi-channel way can alleviate the data loss and improves the data reliability. This paper proposes a multi-channel temperature acquisition and fusion system, which takes the STM32F411 micro controller as its master chip. The system fuses the temperature observables from multiple channels, which can realize lower computer positioning. Finally, the lower computer transmits the temperature and location data to the software on upper computer by the 4G-network, and all the data can be displayed and stored there. We evaluate the performance of this system by comparing the fused data with the single-channel data. The test results show that the fused data perform better in terms of integrity and accuracy. During the tests, the system runs smoothly with data transferring stably, which indicates that it could be used in practice applications.
{"title":"A Multi-Channel Temperature Measurement and Fusion System Based on Cortex-M4","authors":"Zhao Panpan, Yang Bifeng, Zhang Yi, Ma Shangchang","doi":"10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9026147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9026147","url":null,"abstract":"In the surface meteorological observation service, uncontrollable factors, such as signal interference, extreme weather events, sensor failures, et al., inevitably cause temperature observables missing or observing errors, and then affecting integrity and accuracy of the single-channel measurements. However, collecting the temperature records in a multi-channel way can alleviate the data loss and improves the data reliability. This paper proposes a multi-channel temperature acquisition and fusion system, which takes the STM32F411 micro controller as its master chip. The system fuses the temperature observables from multiple channels, which can realize lower computer positioning. Finally, the lower computer transmits the temperature and location data to the software on upper computer by the 4G-network, and all the data can be displayed and stored there. We evaluate the performance of this system by comparing the fused data with the single-channel data. The test results show that the fused data perform better in terms of integrity and accuracy. During the tests, the system runs smoothly with data transferring stably, which indicates that it could be used in practice applications.","PeriodicalId":257532,"journal":{"name":"2019 International Conference on Meteorology Observations (ICMO)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133537080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9026067
Kuifeng Zhao, Zipeng Dong, Xingmin Li, Chuang Chen, Yan Peng
The reliability and accuracy of temperature profiles retrieved by ground-based microwave radiometer (MWR) using neural networks at Jinghe meteorological station (Xi’an, China) was evaluated by comparing the temperature retrievals against simultaneous radiosonde observations. For the comparison purposes, temperature measurements from MWR and radiosonde with altitude difference of less than 10 m and time difference of less than 5 minutes were matched with each other. Finally, a total of 1240 pairs of profiles have been compared for the period from June 2017 to July 2019. The MWR-derived temperature showed consistent negative bias of 0.14–2.44 °C throughout the retrieved profile except at 10 km where with a value of +0.22 °C. The root mean square error is less than 2°C for heights below 100 m, and rapidly increases to 4°C at 2 km and remained stable thereafter. Linear regression between temperature derived from MWR and radiosonde at different altitudes indicated that both the slope and intercept showed altitude-dependent behavior. Fairly good agreement between radiosonde and MWR-derived temperature is observed in the lowest 1 km, with linear regress slopes between 0.91–1.00 and correlation coefficients exceeding 0.96. However, both the slope and intercept decreased dramatically with height. The altitude variations of the slope and intercept suggest that the MWR tends to overestimate the temperature in cold season but underestimate the temperature in warm season in the middle and upper troposphere. Temperature gradient derived from radiosonde showed that the occurrence frequency of temperature inversions peaked at 28% at near surface at Xi’an, and declined to 8% at 2 km. MWR failed to distinguish the temperature inversion in most cases. The missed detection ratio is approximately 40% at surface and beyond 80% at altitude higher than 500 m. There is still big room for improving the accuracy of the temperature retrievals of MWR, especially in the aspect of temperature inversion detection. Our findings suggest that the MWR data needs to be used with caution in the air pollution study.
{"title":"Comparison of Tropospheric Temperature Profiles from Ground-based Microwave Radiometer and Radiosonde at Xi’an, Central China","authors":"Kuifeng Zhao, Zipeng Dong, Xingmin Li, Chuang Chen, Yan Peng","doi":"10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9026067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9026067","url":null,"abstract":"The reliability and accuracy of temperature profiles retrieved by ground-based microwave radiometer (MWR) using neural networks at Jinghe meteorological station (Xi’an, China) was evaluated by comparing the temperature retrievals against simultaneous radiosonde observations. For the comparison purposes, temperature measurements from MWR and radiosonde with altitude difference of less than 10 m and time difference of less than 5 minutes were matched with each other. Finally, a total of 1240 pairs of profiles have been compared for the period from June 2017 to July 2019. The MWR-derived temperature showed consistent negative bias of 0.14–2.44 °C throughout the retrieved profile except at 10 km where with a value of +0.22 °C. The root mean square error is less than 2°C for heights below 100 m, and rapidly increases to 4°C at 2 km and remained stable thereafter. Linear regression between temperature derived from MWR and radiosonde at different altitudes indicated that both the slope and intercept showed altitude-dependent behavior. Fairly good agreement between radiosonde and MWR-derived temperature is observed in the lowest 1 km, with linear regress slopes between 0.91–1.00 and correlation coefficients exceeding 0.96. However, both the slope and intercept decreased dramatically with height. The altitude variations of the slope and intercept suggest that the MWR tends to overestimate the temperature in cold season but underestimate the temperature in warm season in the middle and upper troposphere. Temperature gradient derived from radiosonde showed that the occurrence frequency of temperature inversions peaked at 28% at near surface at Xi’an, and declined to 8% at 2 km. MWR failed to distinguish the temperature inversion in most cases. The missed detection ratio is approximately 40% at surface and beyond 80% at altitude higher than 500 m. There is still big room for improving the accuracy of the temperature retrievals of MWR, especially in the aspect of temperature inversion detection. Our findings suggest that the MWR data needs to be used with caution in the air pollution study.","PeriodicalId":257532,"journal":{"name":"2019 International Conference on Meteorology Observations (ICMO)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130788393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9025814
Jian Li, Zhendong Yao, Lei Ye, Peng Guan
The small size Doppler weather radar with magnetron transmitter is good at performance to price ratio and simple for operation and maintenance. It is very suitable for the weather forecast and weather modification operation guide. How to design a high performance transmitter for such radar is described in this paper.The transmitter consists of an 800 V high-voltage power supply, a high-voltage pulse modulator, a filament power supply, an x-band magnetron, and a controlling and protection circuit module. Among them, the high-voltage pulse modulator, controlling and protection circuit module are the major contents of the transmitter design. The high-voltage pulse modulator consists of a high-voltage capacitor for electric charge storage, a trigger driving circuit, a high-power switch with electronic device such as IGBT, a high voltage and current pulse transformer, etc. The controlling and protection circuit module is provided the security function for trigger pulse, mean radiation power, high-voltage pulse level and magnetron operation current, etc. Experiments show that the high-voltage pulse modulator has good driving performance and high efficiency for the magnetron with voltage of 5.6 kV, power smaller than 10kW and cycle duty no more than 1%. This magnetron transmitter has played an outstanding role in the application of the WXRMD- 10 radar.
{"title":"Design of Magnetron Transmitter for Doppler Weather Radar","authors":"Jian Li, Zhendong Yao, Lei Ye, Peng Guan","doi":"10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9025814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9025814","url":null,"abstract":"The small size Doppler weather radar with magnetron transmitter is good at performance to price ratio and simple for operation and maintenance. It is very suitable for the weather forecast and weather modification operation guide. How to design a high performance transmitter for such radar is described in this paper.The transmitter consists of an 800 V high-voltage power supply, a high-voltage pulse modulator, a filament power supply, an x-band magnetron, and a controlling and protection circuit module. Among them, the high-voltage pulse modulator, controlling and protection circuit module are the major contents of the transmitter design. The high-voltage pulse modulator consists of a high-voltage capacitor for electric charge storage, a trigger driving circuit, a high-power switch with electronic device such as IGBT, a high voltage and current pulse transformer, etc. The controlling and protection circuit module is provided the security function for trigger pulse, mean radiation power, high-voltage pulse level and magnetron operation current, etc. Experiments show that the high-voltage pulse modulator has good driving performance and high efficiency for the magnetron with voltage of 5.6 kV, power smaller than 10kW and cycle duty no more than 1%. This magnetron transmitter has played an outstanding role in the application of the WXRMD- 10 radar.","PeriodicalId":257532,"journal":{"name":"2019 International Conference on Meteorology Observations (ICMO)","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117218217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9026100
Qing Zhou, Yong Zhang, J. Jin, P. Yan, Mengyun Lou, Shanshan Lv, Jiajia Mao
As an important parameter that characterizes the structure of Atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), the boundary layer height (BLH) determines the degree of turbulent diffusion and exchange of heat and momentum within ABL. In this paper, synchronized observations of ground-based microwave radiometer (MWR) and radiosonde in Beijing Southern Meteorological Observatory from April 2017 to March 2018 are obtained to estimate BLH, based on the multiple linear regression algorithm and bulk Richardson number method, respectively. The BLHs derived from the two observations are compared and the temporal variation of BLH in Beijing are finally analyzed. Main conclusions are as follows: 1) the BLH retrieved by MWR is higher than that obtained by radiosonde by 157 m on average. The average deviation of BLH between MWR and radiosonde is smaller at 08 Beijing time (BJT) and 20 BJT than at 14 BJT, and the deviation is relatively smaller in spring and summer than other seasons. 2) BLH at 08 BJT is generally lower than that at 14 BJT and 20 BJT from both MWR and radiosonde observations. 3) radiosonde-obtained BLH peaks in the May while MWR-retrieved BLH reaches maximum in January and February. 4) BLH in Beijing at night is relatively low, which reaches the minimum $(sim 622mathrm {m}$ on average) around 05 BJT or 06 BJT. BLH gradually increases after 08 BJT and reaches the maximum $( sim 908mathrm {m}$ on average) around 15 BJT.
{"title":"Comparison of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Retrieved from Radiosonde and Groundbased Microwave Radiometer Measurements","authors":"Qing Zhou, Yong Zhang, J. Jin, P. Yan, Mengyun Lou, Shanshan Lv, Jiajia Mao","doi":"10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9026100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMO49322.2019.9026100","url":null,"abstract":"As an important parameter that characterizes the structure of Atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), the boundary layer height (BLH) determines the degree of turbulent diffusion and exchange of heat and momentum within ABL. In this paper, synchronized observations of ground-based microwave radiometer (MWR) and radiosonde in Beijing Southern Meteorological Observatory from April 2017 to March 2018 are obtained to estimate BLH, based on the multiple linear regression algorithm and bulk Richardson number method, respectively. The BLHs derived from the two observations are compared and the temporal variation of BLH in Beijing are finally analyzed. Main conclusions are as follows: 1) the BLH retrieved by MWR is higher than that obtained by radiosonde by 157 m on average. The average deviation of BLH between MWR and radiosonde is smaller at 08 Beijing time (BJT) and 20 BJT than at 14 BJT, and the deviation is relatively smaller in spring and summer than other seasons. 2) BLH at 08 BJT is generally lower than that at 14 BJT and 20 BJT from both MWR and radiosonde observations. 3) radiosonde-obtained BLH peaks in the May while MWR-retrieved BLH reaches maximum in January and February. 4) BLH in Beijing at night is relatively low, which reaches the minimum $(sim 622mathrm {m}$ on average) around 05 BJT or 06 BJT. BLH gradually increases after 08 BJT and reaches the maximum $( sim 908mathrm {m}$ on average) around 15 BJT.","PeriodicalId":257532,"journal":{"name":"2019 International Conference on Meteorology Observations (ICMO)","volume":"298 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132529305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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